CN110943294A - Broadband low-profile dual-circular-polarization panel antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband low-profile dual-circular-polarization panel antenna which comprises a horizontal vertical waveguide converter, a broadband dual-polarization power divider, a broadband complementary phase shifter and a low-profile four-ridge horn from bottom to top; the broadband dual-polarization power divider is used for realizing the output of two pairs of guided waves with equal amplitude, orthogonality and cophase, and comprises an orthogonal mode coupler cavity, a cross gap cavity and a four-ridge power divider cavity, wherein the orthogonal mode coupler cavity is provided with a corner cut structure, the four-ridge power divider cavity is provided with corner cut structures at two sides of a ridge, a broadband complementary phase shifter comprises a pair of + 45-degree phase shifters and a pair of-45-degree phase shifters, and a low-profile four-ridge horn realizes the broadband impedance matching between the broadband complementary phase shifter and air by using the four-ridge structure; the invention realizes broadband impedance matching and double circular polarization radiation performance of a double-end input port under the same frequency band while realizing low profile, and can also be used as a basic composition unit of a large-scale double circular polarization array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave antennas, in particular to a broadband low-profile dual-circularly-polarized panel antenna.
Background
The Ka-band has a wider absolute bandwidth relative to the ku-band, which means that Ka-band communication has a higher channel capacity. Compared with a linear polarization antenna and a dual-linear polarization antenna, the dual-circular polarization antenna has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, easiness in matching and the like, and frequency reuse can be realized. The panel antenna has a lower profile than other forms of high gain antennas, such as a reflective array antenna and a lens antenna, which means that it is more conformal. The traditional millimeter wave dual-circular polarization panel antenna mainly has 3 modes, and the traditional millimeter wave dual-circular polarization panel antenna has the respective advantages and also has the obvious defects of narrow bandwidth or high section:
1. a dual-wire polarized antenna is used in conjunction with a 90 ° bridge. The advantage of this configuration is that the cross-section is relatively low, since the 90 bridge can be placed horizontally. The disadvantage is that the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is difficult to exceed 20%, because the phase difference is formed before the power division network, and the phase difference of the orthogonal guided waves input by the dual-linear polarization antenna unit is influenced by the power division network.
2. A diaphragm circular polarizer is used in conjunction with a horn antenna. The advantage of this structure is that the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth can reach 18%, because it uses the phase difference formed by inserting the gradual change diaphragm in the middle of the rectangular waveguide, and the phase difference is formed after the power division network, and the phase difference of the antenna unit is not affected by the feed network. The disadvantage is that the profile is too high, because the diaphragm polarizer must be placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
3. A radial line slot antenna using a rotary feed technique. Its advantages are very low profile; the axial ratio bandwidth is wider, and is usually more than 20%; the disadvantage is that the impedance bandwidth is narrow, and the bandwidth of the reflection coefficient below-10 dB is difficult to reach 15%. Because the coupling quantity and frequency of a single slot are closely related and under a rectangular caliber, the caliber utilization rate is low.
Therefore, for the Ka-band dual-circularly-polarized panel antenna, the difficulty of simultaneously realizing low profile, wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth is the research difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Ka-band dual-circularly-polarized panel antenna which can realize low profile, wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a broadband low-profile dual-circular-polarization panel antenna comprises a horizontal vertical waveguide converter 1, a broadband dual-polarization power divider 2, a broadband complementary phase shifter 3 and a low-profile four-ridge horn 4 from bottom to top;
the horizontal vertical waveguide converter 1 is connected with a double circular polarization feed port and a broadband double polarization power divider 2;
broadband dual-polarized power divider 2 is used for realizing two pairs of waveguide outputs with equal amplitude, orthogonal and in-phase, and from bottom to top, broadband dual-polarized power divider 2 comprises an orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201, a cross gap cavity 202 and a four-ridge power divider cavity 203, wherein the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201 is provided with a corner cut structure 2011 capable of accommodating two orthogonal modes TE120Die and TE210A cross-shaped gap cavity 202 is arranged between the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201 and the four-ridge power divider cavity 203, and the cross-shaped gap cavity 202 is connected with the four-ridge power divider cavity 203 and the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201;
the cavity 203 of the four-ridge power divider is located right above the cross-shaped slot cavity 202 and adopts a four-ridge structure, the two sides of the ridge 2031 of the cavity of the four-ridge power divider are provided with four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032, and the 4 four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the cavity 203 of the four-ridge power divider, so that TE is rotationally symmetrical120Die and TE210The mode distribution is more uniform and is used for outputting two pairs of orthogonal guided waves, a four-ridge power divider cavity output port 2033 is respectively arranged above the 4 four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032, and the direction of the long side of the four-ridge power divider cavity output port 2033 is consistent with the direction of the four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032;
the broadband complementary phase shifter 3 comprises a pair of + 45-degree phase shifters 301 and a pair of-45-degree phase shifters 302, the two pairs of phase shifters 301 and 302 are orthogonally arranged, the two pairs of phase shifters 301 and 302 are respectively positioned right above the 4 output ports 2033, and the + 45-degree phase shifter 301 is formed by inserting irises into the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, so that the phase of the output guided wave is advanced by 45 degrees; the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is inserted with an iris to form a-45-degree phase shifter 302, so that the phase of the output guided wave is delayed by 45 degrees, and a phase difference of +/-90 degrees is formed;
the low-profile four-ridge horn 4 achieves broadband impedance matching between the broadband complementary phase shifter 3 and air with a four-ridge structure.
Preferably, the chamfer structure 2011 of the quadrature-mode coupler adopts a 45 ° chamfer, and the chamfer structure 2032 of the four-ridge power divider cavity adopts a 45 ° chamfer.
Preferably, the chamfer structure 2011 of the cavity of the orthogonal mode coupler and the chamfer structure 2032 of the cavity of the four-ridge power divider have the same chamfer direction.
Preferably, the feeding ports include a right-hand circular polarization feeding port 101 and a left-hand circular polarization feeding port 102, which are all standard waveguides WR 28; the radiation port adopts a low-profile four-ridge horn 4.
The horizontal vertical waveguide converter 1 is used for realizing transition between two waveguide input ports of the dual-polarization power divider and a standard waveguide WR 28.
The broadband dual-polarized power divider 2 is used for forming two pairs of orthogonal constant-amplitude and in-phase guided wave outputs, and TE is arranged in the orthogonal mode coupler120And TE210The orthogonality of the modes ensures high isolation of the dual input ports. The double feed ports are respectively matched by two edges of the cross gap. The cavity of the fully-symmetrical broadband dual-polarized power divider enables the two modes to be distributed more uniformly.
The broadband complementary phase shifter 3 includes a pair of +45 phase shifters 301 and a pair of-45 phase shifters 302 to shift a pair of guided waves by +45 and a pair of guided waves by-45, thereby forming a phase difference of ± 90. The phase shifter is positioned above the broadband dual-polarized power divider, so that the axial ratio performance of the antenna is not influenced by a feed network, and the axial ratio bandwidth is expanded. The phases of the two pairs of equal-amplitude orthogonal guided waves passing through the broadband complementary phase shifter change along with the frequency, but the phase difference is kept stable, so that the axial ratio bandwidth is further expanded. In addition, the use of complementary phase shifts also reduces the profile of the antenna.
The low profile four-ridge horn is used to achieve broadband impedance matching of the complementary phase shifter and air. The horn uses a four ridge match rather than a gradual transition, which further reduces the profile of the antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the broadband impedance matching and the dual circularly polarized radiation performance of the double-end input port under the same frequency band are realized while the low profile is realized. The antenna profile height is only 2.95cm, making it easy to conform to various planar carriers. The coincidence bandwidth of the reflection coefficients of the left-hand circularly polarized input port and the right-hand circularly polarized input port below-10 dB exceeds 30%, namely 25.25GHz-34.25GHz, and the isolation is greater than 20 dB. The left-hand circular polarization gain and the right-hand circular polarization gain of the antenna are between 10.5dB and 14.5dB, and the axial ratio is better than 1 dB. Hardware support is provided for Ka-band high-capacity high-speed communication. In addition, the antenna can also be used as a basic composition unit of a large-scale array antenna, two input ports of the dual-polarized power divider are positioned at different heights, and a space is reserved for arranging a feed network for a larger-scale array later.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an external feed structure of a broadband low-profile dipole antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the external radiation structure of the broadband low-profile dipole antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal cavity structure of the broadband low-profile dipole antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the internal cavity structure of the broadband low-profile dipole antenna of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an internal cavity of the dual-polarized power divider of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a side view of the internal cavity of the dual polarized power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal cavity structure of the orthomode coupler of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal cavity structure of the cross slit of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an internal cavity structure of the four-ridge power divider of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an internal cavity of a complementary phase shifter according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a low profile quad-ridged horn according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the variation of S parameter with frequency according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the variation of left-right-handed circularly polarized gain with frequency according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the left-right-handed circular polarization axial ratio of the present invention varying with frequency;
FIG. 15 is a normalized directional diagram of the left-right circular polarization of the present invention at a center frequency of 29.75 GHz;
the broadband dual-polarization power divider comprises a horizontal and vertical waveguide converter 1, a broadband dual-polarization power divider 2, a broadband complementary phase shifter 3, a low-profile four-ridge horn 4, a right-handed circularly polarized feed port 101, a left-handed circularly polarized feed port 102, an orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201, an angle cut structure of the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 2011, a cross slot cavity 202, a four-ridge power divider cavity 203, a ridge 2031, a four-ridge power divider cavity angle cut structure 2032, a four-ridge power divider cavity output port 2033, a + 45-degree phase shifter 301 and a-45-degree phase shifter 302.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
A broadband low-profile dual-circular-polarization panel antenna comprises a horizontal vertical waveguide converter 1, a broadband dual-polarization power divider 2, a broadband complementary phase shifter 3 and a low-profile four-ridge horn 4 from bottom to top;
the horizontal vertical waveguide converter 1 is connected with a double circular polarization feed port and a broadband double polarization power divider 2;
the broadband dual-polarized power divider 2 is used for realizing two pairs of equal-amplitude orthogonal in-phase guided wave outputs, the broadband dual-polarized power divider 2 comprises an orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201, a cross slot cavity 202 and a four-ridge power divider cavity 203 from bottom to top,the orthomode coupler cavity 201 is provided with a corner cut 2011 capable of accommodating two orthogonal modes TE120Die and TE210A cross-shaped gap cavity 202 is arranged between the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201 and the four-ridge power divider cavity 203, and the cross-shaped gap cavity 202 is connected with the four-ridge power divider cavity 203 and the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201;
the cavity 203 of the four-ridge power divider is located right above the cross-shaped slot cavity 202 and adopts a four-ridge structure, the two sides of the ridge 2031 of the cavity of the four-ridge power divider are provided with four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032, and the 4 four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the cavity 203 of the four-ridge power divider, so that TE is rotationally symmetrical120Die and TE210The mode distribution is more uniform and is used for outputting two pairs of orthogonal guided waves, a four-ridge power divider cavity output port 2033 is respectively arranged above the 4 four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032, and the direction of the long side of the four-ridge power divider cavity output port 2033 is consistent with the direction of the four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures 2032;
the broadband complementary phase shifter 3 comprises a pair of + 45-degree phase shifters 301 and a pair of-45-degree phase shifters 302, the two pairs of phase shifters 301 and 302 are orthogonally arranged, the two pairs of phase shifters 301 and 302 are respectively positioned right above the 4 output ports 2033, and the + 45-degree phase shifter 301 is formed by inserting irises into the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, so that the phase of the output guided wave is advanced by 45 degrees; the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is inserted with an iris to form a-45-degree phase shifter 302, so that the phase of the output guided wave is delayed by 45 degrees, and a phase difference of +/-90 degrees is formed;
the low-profile four-ridge horn 4 achieves broadband impedance matching between the broadband complementary phase shifter 3 and air with a four-ridge structure.
The chamfer structure 2011 of the orthomode coupler adopts a 45-degree chamfer, and the chamfer structure 2032 of the cavity of the four-ridge power divider adopts a 45-degree chamfer.
The chamfer structure 2011 of the orthomode coupler is the same as the chamfer direction of the chamfer structure 2032 of the four-ridge power divider cavity.
The feed ports comprise a right-hand circular polarization feed port 101 and a left-hand circular polarization feed port 102 which are all standard waveguides WR 28; the radiation port adopts a low-profile four-ridge horn 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the broadband low-profile dual circularly polarized patch antenna adopts a bottom feed mode, and the right-hand circularly polarized feed port 101 and the left-hand circularly polarized feed port 102 are both standard waveguides WR 28.
As shown in fig. 2, the radiation aperture of the broadband low-profile dual circularly polarized panel antenna is two pairs of four-ridged horns that are rotationally symmetric.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the internal cavity of the broadband low-profile dual circularly polarized panel antenna is mainly composed of 4 parts: a pair of horizontal-vertical waveguide converters 1; a broadband dual-polarized power divider 2; two pairs of broadband complementary phase shifters 3; two pairs of low profile four-ridge horns 4.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the dual-polarization power divider is used to realize 4-equi-power division, and can output two pairs of equi-amplitude in-phase orthogonal guided waves in a wide band. From bottom to top, the orthogonal mode coupler cavity 201, the cross slot cavity 202 and the four-ridge power divider cavity 203 are included.
As shown in fig. 7, a quadrature mode coupler 201 capable of accommodating a TE120Die and TE210And the mode orthogonality ensures high isolation of the left-hand circularly polarized feed port and the right-hand circularly polarized feed port.
As shown in fig. 8, the cross slot cavity 202 is used to implement broadband impedance matching for each feed port on each side.
As shown in fig. 9, the fully symmetric structure of the four-ridge power divider cavity 203 with a 45 ° cut angle makes the mode field distribution more uniform.
As shown in fig. 10, a broadband complementary phase shifter is used to achieve a broadband phase difference for two pairs of orthogonal guided waves. Including a pair of +45 phase shifters 301 and a pair of-45 phase shifters 302. The iris is inserted into the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, which is equivalent to parallel inductance, so that the phase of the guided wave passing through the iris is advanced by 45 degrees relatively; by inserting the iris at the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide, equivalent to a parallel capacitance, the phase of the guided wave passing through it is relatively delayed by 45 °, thereby forming a phase difference of ± 90 °. First, the complementary phase shifter is located behind the feed network, so that the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is not affected by the feed network. Second, shifting the phase of each of the two pairs of guided waves rather than one of the pairs reduces the profile of the antenna. Finally, although the phase of the phase shifter terminal and the phase of the phase shifter terminal will both vary with frequency, their phase difference is nearly constant, which greatly extends the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 11, a low profile four-ridge horn is used to convert two pairs of guided waves of equal amplitude quadrature phase difference into a dual circularly polarized wave. The square-caliber horn has high efficiency, and the four metal ridges are used for realizing the broadband impedance matching of air, the square-caliber horn and the differential phase shifter and reducing the profile.
As shown in FIG. 12, the central frequency of the antenna is 29.75GHz, the bandwidth of the reflection coefficient below-10 dB of the double circular polarization feed port exceeds 30%, and the isolation is greater than 20 dB.
As shown in FIG. 13, the left-hand and right-hand circular polarization gains are between 10.5dB and 14.5dB within a 30% bandwidth, i.e., 25.25GHz to 34.25 GHz. A gain of 13.6dB is obtained at a center frequency of 29.75 GHz; gain of 14dB is obtained at the high frequency side frequency of 34.25 GHz; a gain of 10.5dB is obtained at the low band sideband of 25.25 GHz.
As shown in FIG. 14, the left hand circular polarization gain and right hand circular polarization axial ratio is less than 1dB within 30% of the bandwidth, i.e., 25.25GHz-34.25 GHz. The normal axial ratio is 0.4dB at a center frequency of 29.75 GHz; the normal axial ratio is 0.85dB at the high-frequency side frequency of 34.25GHz and 0.95dB at the low-frequency side frequency of 25.25 GHz.
As shown in fig. 15, the antenna has a uniform dual circularly polarized normalized pattern at a center frequency of 29.75 GHz.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A broadband low-profile dual-circularly-polarized panel antenna is characterized in that: the broadband dual-polarization power divider comprises a horizontal and vertical waveguide converter (1), a broadband dual-polarization power divider (2), a broadband complementary phase shifter (3) and a low-profile four-ridge horn (4) from bottom to top;
the horizontal vertical waveguide converter (1) is connected with the double circular polarization feed port and the broadband dual polarization power divider (2);
broadband dual-polarized power divider (2) is used for realizing two pairs of guide wave outputs with equal amplitude and orthogonal in phase, and from bottom to top, broadband dual-polarized power divider (2) comprises an orthogonal mode coupler cavity (201), a cross slot cavity (202) and a four-ridge power divider cavity (203), wherein the orthogonal mode coupler cavity (201) is provided with a corner cut structure (2011) capable of accommodating two orthogonal mode TE120Die and TE210The mode is adopted, so that high isolation of the double input ports is achieved, the cross-shaped gap cavity (202) is arranged between the orthogonal mode coupler cavity (201) and the four-ridge power divider cavity (203), and the cross-shaped gap cavity (202) is connected with the four-ridge power divider cavity (203) and the orthogonal mode coupler cavity (201);
four-ridge power divider cavity (203) is located right above cross-shaped gap cavity (202) and adopts a four-ridge structure, four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures (2032) are arranged on two sides of ridge (2031) of the four-ridge power divider cavity, and 4 four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures (2032) are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the four-ridge power divider cavity (203), so that TE (TE) is rotationally symmetrical120Die and TE210The mode distribution is more uniform and is used for outputting two pairs of orthogonal guided waves, a four-ridge power divider cavity output port (2033) is respectively arranged above the 4 four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structures (2032), and the long side direction of the four-ridge power divider cavity output port (2033) is consistent with the direction of the four-ridge power divider cavity corner cut structure (2032);
the broadband complementary phase shifter (3) comprises a pair of + 45-degree phase shifters (301) and a pair of-45-degree phase shifters (302), the two pairs of phase shifters (301,302) are orthogonally arranged, the two pairs of phase shifters (301,302) are respectively positioned right above the 4 output ports (2033), and the + 45-degree phase shifter (301) is formed by inserting irises into the broadsides of the rectangular waveguides, so that the phases of the output guided waves are advanced by 45 degrees; an iris is inserted into the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide to form a-45-degree phase shifter (302), so that the phase of the output guided wave is delayed by 45 degrees, and a phase difference of +/-90 degrees is formed;
the low-profile four-ridge horn (4) uses a four-ridge structure to achieve broadband impedance matching between the broadband complementary phase shifter (3) and air.
2. The broadband low-profile dual circularly polarized panel antenna of claim 1, wherein: a chamfer structure (2011) of the orthogonal mode coupler adopts a 45-degree chamfer, and a chamfer structure (2032) of a cavity of the four-ridge power divider adopts a 45-degree chamfer.
3. The broadband low-profile dual circularly polarized panel antenna of claim 1, wherein: the chamfer structure (2011) of the cavity of the orthogonal mode coupler is the same as the chamfer structure (2032) of the cavity of the four-ridge power divider in chamfer direction.
4. The broadband low-profile dual circularly polarized panel antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed ports comprise a right-hand circularly polarized feed port (101) and a left-hand circularly polarized feed port (102), and standard waveguides WR28 are adopted; the radiation port adopts a low-profile four-ridge horn (4).
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| WO2022070968A1 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | 株式会社ヨコオ | Antenna, information processing device, and composite antenna device |
| JP2022055542A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-08 | 株式会社ヨコオ | Antenna, information processing unit and composite antenna device |
| CN115377670A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-22 | 四川领航未来通信技术有限公司 | Phase-shifting staggered flat array antenna |
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