CN110940610A - Broken rock nonlinear seepage test system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a broken rock nonlinear seepage test system and a broken rock nonlinear seepage test method, and belongs to the technical field of broken rock nonlinear seepage tests. The nonlinear seepage test system for broken rocks comprises a test seat, a seepage plate, a screen drum, a cylinder barrel, an axial hydraulic loading cylinder, a pressure head, a hydraulic pump, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a water permeable plate, a high-pressure water pump, a flowmeter, a water pressure sensor, a data acquisition device, a data processing device and the like. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nonlinear seepage process of the broken rocks with different particle sizes can be quantitatively researched, the change data of porosity, permeability and flow rate caused by the loss of broken rock particles under different stress states and water pressure gradients can be obtained, then a nonlinear seepage formula is obtained through fitting, and the nonlinear seepage process is analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonlinear seepage tests of broken rocks, in particular to a nonlinear seepage test system and method for broken rocks.
Background
In the mining construction engineering, fault, collapse column, broken zone and other defect geological structures are often revealed. Rocks with different particle sizes and different crushing degrees are filled in the geological structures, and the geological structures are easy to develop into an advantageous channel for pressure-bearing water lifting. Along with the seepage of confined water, part of crushed rocks are disintegrated and weakened and fine particles are lost under the action of erosion, the integral strength and stability of a crushing zone are reduced, the permeability is greatly improved, water inrush disasters are easily caused, and great threats are brought to safety production and engineering construction, so that the research on the seepage behavior of the crushed rocks is very important.
The scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on seepage behaviors, and based on Darcy's law (Darcy's law) for describing linear seepage of uniform media, the scholars recognize that non-Darcy seepage phenomena exist in non-uniform pore media or fractured media with thicker particles and larger pores in engineering practice, namely, the flow rate of fluid and the pressure gradient are in a non-linear relationship. The research on water inrush disasters shows that the relation between the flow velocity and the pressure of water inrush fluid in a broken rock body no longer meets a linear Darcy equation, and the seepage behavior of the water inrush fluid shows obvious nonlinear characteristics. The nonlinear seepage behavior of broken rocks is a complex process, and the concealment of underground engineering makes field observation and research difficult, so that a system and a method for the nonlinear seepage test of broken rocks in a room need to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nonlinear seepage test system and method for broken rocks, which are used for quantitatively researching the nonlinear seepage process of broken rocks with different particle sizes, obtaining the change data of porosity, permeability and flow rate caused by the loss of broken rock particles under different stress states and water pressure gradients, further fitting to obtain a nonlinear seepage formula and analyzing the nonlinear seepage process.
The invention provides a nonlinear seepage test system for broken rocks, which comprises a test seat, a seepage plate, a screen drum, a cylinder barrel, an axial hydraulic loading cylinder, a pressure head, a hydraulic pump, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a water permeable plate, a high-pressure water pump, a flowmeter, a water pressure sensor, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, wherein the axial hydraulic loading cylinder is arranged on the test seat;
an up-down through opening is arranged in the middle of the test seat, a seepage plate is assembled in the opening area, and up-down through seepage holes are uniformly distributed on the seepage plate;
the lower end of the seepage plate is provided with a screen cylinder, and the distribution area of the seepage holes is positioned in the inner cavity area at the upper end of the screen cylinder;
the upper end of the seepage plate is provided with a cylinder barrel, and the inner cavity area of the cylinder barrel is positioned in the area where the seepage holes are distributed;
an axial hydraulic loading cylinder is arranged above the test seat, a pressure head is arranged at the telescopic end of the axial hydraulic loading cylinder, the axial hydraulic loading cylinder is connected with a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic pipeline, and a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the hydraulic pipeline;
the lower end of the pressure head is provided with a porous disc, a water injection channel is arranged in the pressure head, one end of the water injection channel is connected with the porous disc, the other end of the water injection channel is connected with a high-pressure water pump through a water injection pipeline, and a flowmeter and a water pressure sensor are arranged on the water injection pipeline;
the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel is provided with a broken rock sample, and the pressure head and the water permeable plate extend into the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel from the upper end of the cylinder barrel;
the data processing device is connected with the data acquisition device through a signal cable, and the data acquisition device is respectively connected with the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor, the flowmeter and the water pressure sensor through the signal cable.
Furthermore, a plurality of screens are arranged in the screen drum from top to bottom in sequence, and the apertures of the screens become smaller in sequence from top to bottom.
Further, the screen drum is in an inverted frustum shape.
Furthermore, a plurality of steps are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the frustum-shaped screen drum from top to bottom, and a circular screen is placed on the steps.
Further, the cone angle of the cone-frustum-shaped screen cylinder is 60 degrees.
Further, the lower extreme border of cylinder is provided with the assembly ear, and the assembly ear is located the upper surface at opening border, is provided with the first pilot hole of a plurality of on the assembly ear, and the border position of seepage board is provided with a plurality of second pilot hole, and the upper end of a sieve section of thick bamboo is provided with a plurality of third pilot hole, and assembly nut behind first pilot hole, second pilot hole and the third pilot hole is passed in proper order to the bolt.
Furthermore, a plurality of support columns are arranged on the test seat, a support cross beam is jointly arranged at the top ends of the support columns, and an axial hydraulic loading cylinder is arranged on the support cross beam.
Further, the cylinder inner chamber is the cylinder structure, and the cylinder inner chamber sets up the broken rock sample of cylinder structure.
Further, the data processing device is a computer.
The invention also provides a nonlinear seepage test method for the broken rock, which applies the nonlinear seepage test system for the broken rock and comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing broken rock samples with different particle sizes, placing the broken rock samples in still water to be soaked until the broken rock samples are saturated, and placing the broken rock samples in an inner cavity of a cylinder barrel;
secondly, loading pressure and displacement on the broken rock sample through a pressure head, changing the loading pressure and displacement of the pressure head on the broken rock sample, and acquiring data of a pressure sensor and data of a displacement sensor through a data acquisition device;
the high-pressure water continuously applies water pressure to the broken rock sample through the water permeable plate, the water pressure of the high-pressure water is gradually increased in each group of 'pressure head loading pressure and displacement to the broken rock sample', data of a flow meter and data of a water pressure sensor are collected through a data collection device, broken rock particles with various particle sizes on each screen in the screen cylinder are collected at intervals of set time, and the broken rock particles are respectively weighed and recorded;
thirdly, the data acquisition device uploads the data to the data processing device for data processing
Total volume of crushed rock samples of different particle size
Wherein,
V0for total volume of broken rock sample, in m3；
miThe mass of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample is expressed in kg;
ρithe density of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample was in kg/m3；
When the pressure head loads the crushed rock sample to the initial position, the total volume V of the space of the crushed rock sample is Sh;
wherein,
v is the total volume of the broken rock sample space in m3；
S is the basal area of the broken rock sample space, and the unit is m2；
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample, and the unit is m;
initial porosity of fractured rock sample
Wherein,
v is the total volume of the broken rock sample space in m3；
V0For total volume of broken rock sample, in m3；
The high pressure water applies an initial water pressure to the broken rock sample at an initial flow rate
Wherein,
v0is the initial flow rate in m/s;
Q0is the initial flow meter data in m3/s；
S is the basal area of the broken rock sample space, and the unit is m2；
According to darcyLaw of law, then
Wherein,
v is the flow velocity in m/s;
mu is the dynamic viscosity of water, in Pa · s;
k is the permeability in m2；
l is the length of the broken rock sample in m;
Δ P is the pressure drop in Pa;
obtained by deformation calculation according to Darcy equation
Wherein,
k0is the initial permeability in m2；
v0Is the initial flow rate in m/s;
mu is the dynamic viscosity of water, in Pa · s;
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample, and the unit is m;
P0data of an initial water pressure sensor is expressed in Pa;
testing under different pressures P till t moment, wherein the total volume of the broken rocks lost at the t moment
Wherein,
p is data of the pressure sensor at the moment t, and the unit is MPa;
Vsttotal volume of broken rock lost at time t in m3；
mtiCollecting the mass of the ith crushed rock for the time t, wherein the unit is kg;
ρithe density of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample was in kg/m3；
Crushing at time tRock sample space volume Vt＝V-DtS；
Wherein,
Vtthe space capacity of the broken rock sample at the time t is m3；
V is the total volume of the broken rock sample space in m3；
DtThe unit is m, and the unit is the data of the displacement sensor at the moment t;
s is the basal area of the broken rock sample space, and the unit is m2；
Porosity at time t
Wherein,
Vtthe space capacity of the broken rock sample at the time t is m3；
V0For total volume of broken rock sample, in m3；
VstTotal volume of broken rock lost at time t in m3；
Permeability at time t
Wherein,
ktpermeability at time t in m2；
k0Is the initial permeability in m2；
water pressure gradient at time t
Wherein,
Jtthe water pressure gradient at the moment t is expressed in Pa/m;
Ptthe data of the water pressure sensor at the moment t is in Pa;
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample, and the unit is m;
Dtthe unit is m, and the unit is the data of the displacement sensor at the moment t;
according to the empirical formula of nonlinear infiltration law, J ═ AQ + BQ2
Performing multiple fitting calculation to obtain a linear term coefficient A and a nonlinear term coefficient B;
wherein,
j is water pressure gradient with unit of Pa/m;
q is the data of the flowmeter and is in m3/s；
A is linear coefficient in kg · s-1·m-5；
B is a nonlinear term coefficient with the unit of kg.m-8。
Compared with the prior art, the broken rock nonlinear seepage test system and method provided by the invention have the following characteristics and advantages:
the nonlinear seepage test system and method for the broken rocks effectively simulate the stress state, hydraulic erosion and particle loss of the broken rocks in actual geological conditions, quantitatively research the nonlinear seepage process of the broken rocks with different particle sizes, and the test result has higher value; the function of graded collection of the lost particles is realized, and the change processes of the porosity, permeability and flow rate of the sample are analyzed by calculating the mass and volume of the lost particles; the method considers the collection of data such as stress, water pressure gradient, flow velocity, lost particle quality and the like, analyzes the change data of porosity, permeability and flow velocity caused by particle loss under different stress states and water pressure gradients, further fits a nonlinear seepage formula, and provides a data base for nonlinear seepage research.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nonlinear seepage test system for broken rocks according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seepage plate in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a screen drum in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the screen cylinder in the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, the following non-linear fractured rock seepage testing system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a broken rock nonlinear seepage test system, which includes a test seat 19, a seepage plate 7, a screen drum 9, a cylinder 5, an axial hydraulic loading cylinder 1, a pressure head 3, a hydraulic pump 14, a displacement sensor 17, a pressure sensor 18, a water permeable plate 4, a high-pressure water pump 13, a flow meter 15, a hydraulic pressure sensor 16, a data acquisition device 11, a data processing device 12, and the like.
The middle position of the test seat 19 is provided with a circular opening which is communicated up and down, the seepage plate 7 is also of a circular structure, and the opening area is provided with the seepage plate 7. In the process of carrying out the nonlinear seepage test of the broken rocks, along with the seepage of confined water, part of the broken rock samples 6 in the cylinder barrel 5 are disintegrated and weakened under the action of erosion, and part of broken rock particles are lost. Seepage holes 71 which are communicated up and down are uniformly distributed on the seepage plate 7, and lost broken rock particles can pass through the seepage holes 71 and enter the screen drum 9.
The lower end of the seepage plate 7 is provided with a screen drum 9, and the distribution area of the seepage holes 71 is positioned in the inner cavity area of the upper end of the screen drum 9, so that broken rock particles can enter the screen drum 9.
A plurality of screen meshes 10 are sequentially arranged in the screen drum 9 from top to bottom, and the aperture of each screen mesh 10 from top to bottom is sequentially reduced so as to separate broken rock particles with different particle sizes on each level of screen meshes 10.
The sieve section of thick bamboo 9 in this embodiment is the frustum shape of inversion, and the sieve section of thick bamboo 9 inner wall of frustum shape has set gradually three steps from the top down, places circular screen cloth 10 on the step, and the dismouting of the screen cloth 10 of being convenient for is washd. Preferably, the cone angle of the frustum-shaped screen drum 9 in this embodiment is 60 °, so that the crushed rock particles can slide down quickly under the action of self-weight after sliding down to the inner wall of the screen drum 9.
The upper end of the seepage plate 7 is provided with a cylinder barrel 5, and the inner cavity area of the cylinder barrel 5 is positioned in the area where the seepage holes 71 are distributed, so that broken rock particles in the cylinder barrel 5 can pass through the seepage holes 71 of the seepage plate 7.
In this embodiment, the lower end edge of the cylinder 5 is provided with an assembling lug 51, and the assembling lug 51 is located on the upper surface of the opening edge of the test seat 19. The assembly lug 51 is provided with a plurality of first assembly holes, the edge position of the seepage plate 7 is provided with a plurality of second assembly holes 72, the upper end of the screen drum 9 is provided with a plurality of third assembly holes 91, and the bolt 8 sequentially penetrates through the first assembly holes, the second assembly holes 72 and the third assembly holes 91 to be assembled with nuts. So, make cylinder 5, seepage flow board 7, sieve section of thick bamboo 9 three assembly as an organic whole, assembly structure is simple, firm, and cylinder 5 covers on test seat 19 through the pressure of assembly ear 51, makes the interior detritus stone sample 6 of cylinder 5 can bear axial loading and satisfy experimental purpose.
The axial hydraulic loading cylinder 1 is arranged above the test seat 19, specifically, a plurality of support columns 20 are arranged on the test seat 19, a support beam 21 is jointly arranged at the top ends of the support columns 20, and the axial hydraulic loading cylinder 1 is arranged on the support beam 21.
The telescopic end of the axial hydraulic loading cylinder 1 is provided with a pressure head 3, the axial hydraulic loading cylinder 1 is connected with a hydraulic pump 14 through a hydraulic pipeline, and a displacement sensor 17 and a pressure sensor 18 are arranged on the hydraulic pipeline.
The lower extreme of pressure head 3 sets up porous disk 4, and 5 inner chambers of cylinder are provided with broken rock sample 6, and pressure head 3 and porous disk 4 stretch into 5 inner chambers of cylinder from the upper end of cylinder 5. Specifically, 5 inner chambers of cylinder barrel are the cylinder structure, and 5 inner chambers of cylinder barrel set up the broken rock sample 6 of cylinder structure.
Be provided with water injection passageway 2 in the pressure head 3, water permeable plate 4 is connected to water injection passageway 2's one end, and water injection passageway 2's the other end is through water injection pipe connection high pressure water pump 13, sets up flowmeter 15 and pressure sensor 16 on the water injection pipe way. The water under high pressure gets into porous disk 4 through water injection pipeline, water injection passageway 2, and porous disk 4 is hollow out construction not, and the water under high pressure gets into the upper surface of broken rock sample 6 in the cylinder 5 through porous disk 4 to continue the broken rock sample of flowing through, with simulation pressure-bearing water seepage flow.
The data processing device 12 of the present embodiment is a computer, the data processing device 12 is connected to the data acquisition device 11 through a signal cable, and the data acquisition device 11 is connected to the displacement sensor 17, the pressure sensor 18, the flow meter 15, and the water pressure sensor 16 through signal cables.
The embodiment also provides a nonlinear seepage test method for broken rocks, which applies the nonlinear seepage test system for broken rocks in the embodiment, and the nonlinear seepage test method for broken rocks comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing broken rock samples 6 with different particle sizes, placing the broken rock samples 6 in still water to be soaked until the broken rock samples 6 are saturated, and placing the broken rock samples 6 in an inner cavity of a cylinder barrel 5;
secondly, loading pressure and displacement on the broken rock sample 6 through the pressure head 3, changing the loading pressure and displacement of the pressure head 3 on the broken rock sample 6, and acquiring data of the pressure sensor 18 and data of the displacement sensor 17 through the data acquisition device 11;
the high-pressure water continuously applies water pressure to the broken rock sample 6 through the water permeable plate 4, the water pressure of the high-pressure water is gradually increased in each group of 'pressure and displacement are loaded on the broken rock sample by the pressure head 3', the data of the flow meter 15 and the data of the water pressure sensor 16 are collected through the data collection device 11, broken rock particles with various particle sizes on each screen mesh 10 in the screen cylinder 9 are collected at intervals of set time, and the broken rock particles are respectively weighed and recorded;
thirdly, the data acquisition device 11 uploads the data to the data processing device 12 for data processing, and the processing process is as follows:
total volume of crushed rock samples 6 of different particle size
Wherein,
V0for breaking the total volume of the rock sample 6, in m3；
miThe mass in kg of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample 6;
ρithe density of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample 6 was in kg/m3；
When the pressure head 3 loads the crushed rock sample 6 to the initial position, the total volume V of the space of the crushed rock sample 6 is Sh;
wherein,
v is the total volume of the space of the crushed rock sample 6 in m3；
S is the bottom area of the space of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m2；
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m;
initial porosity of crushed rock sample 6
Wherein,
v is the total volume of the space of the crushed rock sample 6 in m3；
V0For breaking the total volume of the rock sample 6, in m3；
The high pressure water applies an initial water pressure to the broken rock sample 6 at an initial flow rate
Wherein,
v0is the initial flow rate in m/s;
Q0is the initial flow meter data in m3/s；
S is the bottom area of the space of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m2；
According to Darcy's law, then
Wherein,
v is the flow velocity in m/s;
mu is the dynamic viscosity of water, in Pa · s;
k is the permeability in m2；
l is the length of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m;
Δ P is the pressure drop in Pa;
according to darcyEquation deformation calculation
Wherein,
k0is the initial permeability in m2；
v0Is the initial flow rate in m/s;
mu is the dynamic viscosity of water, in Pa · s;
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m;
P0data of an initial water pressure sensor is expressed in Pa;
testing under different pressures P till t moment, wherein the total volume of the broken rocks lost at the t moment
Wherein,
p is data of the pressure sensor at the moment t, and the unit is MPa;
Vsttotal volume of broken rock lost at time t in m3；
mtiCollecting the mass of the ith crushed rock for the time t, wherein the unit is kg;
ρithe density of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample 6 was in kg/m3；
6 space capacity V of broken rock sample at time tt＝V-DtS；
Wherein,
Vtthe volume of space of the broken rock sample 6 at the moment t is m3；
V is the total volume of the space of the crushed rock sample 6 in m3；
DtThe unit is m, and the unit is the data of the displacement sensor at the moment t;
s is the bottom area of the space of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m2；
Porosity at time t
Wherein,
Vtthe volume of space of the broken rock sample 6 at the moment t is m3；
V0For breaking the total volume of the rock sample 6, in m3；
VstTotal volume of broken rock lost at time t in m3；
Permeability at time t
Wherein,
ktpermeability at time t in m2；
k0Is the initial permeability in m2；
water pressure gradient at time t
Wherein,
Jtthe water pressure gradient at the moment t is expressed in Pa/m;
Ptthe data of the water pressure sensor at the moment t is in Pa;
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample 6 and the unit is m;
Dtthe unit is m, and the unit is the data of the displacement sensor at the moment t;
according to the empirical formula of nonlinear infiltration law, J ═ AQ + BQ2
Performing multiple fitting calculation to obtain a linear term coefficient A and a nonlinear term coefficient B;
wherein,
j is water pressure gradient with unit of Pa/m;
q is the data of the flowmeter and is in m3/s；
A is linear coefficient in kg · s-1·m-5；
B is a nonlinear term coefficient with the unit of kg.m-8。
The nonlinear seepage test system and method for the broken rocks in the embodiment can effectively simulate the stress state, hydraulic erosion and particle loss of the broken rocks in actual geological conditions, quantitatively research the nonlinear seepage process of the broken rocks with different particle sizes, and the test result has higher value; the function of graded collection of the lost particles is realized, and the change processes of the whole porosity, permeability and flow rate of the sample are analyzed by calculating the mass and volume of the lost particles; the method considers the collection of data such as stress, water pressure gradient, flow velocity, lost particle quality and the like, analyzes the change data of porosity, permeability and flow velocity caused by particle loss under different stress states and water pressure gradients, further fits a nonlinear seepage formula, and provides a data base for nonlinear seepage research.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a broken rock nonlinear seepage flow test system which characterized in that: the device comprises a test seat, a seepage plate, a screen drum, a cylinder barrel, an axial hydraulic loading cylinder, a pressure head, a hydraulic pump, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a water permeable plate, a high-pressure water pump, a flowmeter, a water pressure sensor, a data acquisition device and a data processing device;
an up-down through opening is arranged in the middle of the test seat, a seepage plate is assembled in the opening area, and up-down through seepage holes are uniformly distributed on the seepage plate;
the lower end of the seepage plate is provided with a screen cylinder, and the distribution area of the seepage holes is positioned in the inner cavity area at the upper end of the screen cylinder;
the upper end of the seepage plate is provided with a cylinder barrel, and the inner cavity area of the cylinder barrel is positioned in the area where the seepage holes are distributed;
an axial hydraulic loading cylinder is arranged above the test seat, a pressure head is arranged at the telescopic end of the axial hydraulic loading cylinder, the axial hydraulic loading cylinder is connected with a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic pipeline, and a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the hydraulic pipeline;
the lower end of the pressure head is provided with a porous disc, a water injection channel is arranged in the pressure head, one end of the water injection channel is connected with the porous disc, the other end of the water injection channel is connected with a high-pressure water pump through a water injection pipeline, and a flowmeter and a water pressure sensor are arranged on the water injection pipeline;
the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel is provided with a broken rock sample, and the pressure head and the water permeable plate extend into the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel from the upper end of the cylinder barrel;
the data processing device is connected with the data acquisition device through a signal cable, and the data acquisition device is respectively connected with the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor, the flowmeter and the water pressure sensor through the signal cable.
2. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of screen meshes are sequentially arranged in the screen drum from top to bottom, and the aperture of each screen mesh is sequentially reduced from top to bottom.
3. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 2, wherein: the screen drum is in an inverted frustum shape.
4. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 3, wherein: the inner wall of the frustum-shaped screen drum is sequentially provided with a plurality of steps from top to bottom, and a circular screen is placed on the steps.
5. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 3, wherein: the cone angle of the frustum-shaped screen cylinder is 60 degrees.
6. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 1, wherein: the lower extreme border of cylinder is provided with the assembly ear, and the assembly ear is located the upper surface at opening border, is provided with the first pilot hole of a plurality of on the assembly ear, and the border position of seepage flow board is provided with a plurality of second pilot hole, and the upper end of a sieve section of thick bamboo is provided with a plurality of third pilot hole, and assembly nut behind first pilot hole, second pilot hole and the third pilot hole is passed in proper order to the bolt.
7. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 1, wherein: the test bed is provided with a plurality of support columns, the top ends of the support columns are provided with a support cross beam together, and the support cross beam is provided with an axial hydraulic loading cylinder.
8. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 1, wherein: the cylinder inner chamber is the cylinder structure, and the cylinder inner chamber sets up the broken rock sample of cylinder structure.
9. The broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of claim 1, wherein: the data processing device is a computer.
10. A broken rock nonlinear seepage test method applying the broken rock nonlinear seepage test system of any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing broken rock samples with different particle sizes, placing the broken rock samples in still water to be soaked until the broken rock samples are saturated, and placing the broken rock samples in an inner cavity of a cylinder barrel;
secondly, loading pressure and displacement on the broken rock sample through a pressure head, changing the loading pressure and displacement of the pressure head on the broken rock sample, and acquiring data of a pressure sensor and data of a displacement sensor through a data acquisition device;
the high-pressure water continuously applies water pressure to the broken rock sample through the water permeable plate, the water pressure of the high-pressure water is gradually increased in each group of 'pressure head loading pressure and displacement to the broken rock sample', data of a flow meter and data of a water pressure sensor are collected through a data collection device, broken rock particles with various particle sizes on each screen in the screen cylinder are collected at intervals of set time, and the broken rock particles are respectively weighed and recorded;
thirdly, the data acquisition device uploads the data to the data processing device for data processing
Total volume of crushed rock samples of different particle size
Wherein,
V0for total volume of broken rock sample, in m3；
miThe mass of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample is expressed in kg;
ρithe density of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample was in kg/m3；
When the pressure head loads the crushed rock sample to the initial position, the total volume V of the space of the crushed rock sample is Sh;
wherein,
v is the total volume of the broken rock sample space in m3；
S is the basal area of the broken rock sample space, and the unit is m2；
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample, and the unit is m;
initial porosity of fractured rock sample
Wherein,
v is the total volume of the broken rock sample space in m3；
V0For total volume of broken rock sample, in m3；
The high pressure water applies an initial water pressure to the broken rock sample at an initial flow rate
Wherein,
u0is the initial flow rate in m/s;
Q0is the initial flow meter data in m3/s；
s is the floor area of the crushed rock sample space in m2；
According to Darcy's law, then
Wherein,
v is the flow velocity in m/s;
mu is the dynamic viscosity of water, in Pa · s;
k is the permeability in m2；
l is the length of the broken rock sample in m;
Δ P is the pressure drop in Pa;
obtained by deformation calculation according to Darcy equation
Wherein,
k0is the initial permeability in m2；
v0Is the initial flow rate in m/s;
mu is the dynamic viscosity of water, in Pa · s;
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample, and the unit is m;
P0data of an initial water pressure sensor is expressed in Pa;
testing under different pressures P till t moment, wherein the total volume of the broken rocks lost at the t moment
Wherein,
p is data of the pressure sensor at the moment t, and the unit is MPa;
Vsttotal volume of broken rock lost at time t in m3；
mtiCollecting the mass of the ith crushed rock for the time t, wherein the unit is kg;
ρithe density of the i-th grain size crushed rock constituting the crushed rock sample was in kg/m3；
Space capacity V of broken rock sample at time tt＝V-DtS
Wherein,
Vtthe space capacity of the broken rock sample at the time t is m3；
V is the total volume of the broken rock sample space in m3；
DtThe unit is m, and the unit is the data of the displacement sensor at the moment t;
s is the floor area of the crushed rock sample space in m2；
Porosity at time t
Wherein,
Vtthe space capacity of the broken rock sample at the time t is m3；
V0For total volume of broken rock sample, in m3；
VstTotal volume of broken rock lost at time t in m3；
Permeability at time t
Wherein,
ktpermeability at time t in m2；
k0Is the initial permeability in m2；
water pressure gradient at time t
Wherein,
Jtthe water pressure gradient at the moment t is expressed in Pa/m;
Ptthe data of the water pressure sensor at the moment t is in Pa;
h is the height of the space of the broken rock sample, and the unit is m;
Dtthe unit is m, and the unit is the data of the displacement sensor at the moment t;
according to the empirical formula of nonlinear infiltration law, J ═ AQ + BQ2
Performing multiple fitting calculation to obtain a linear term coefficient A and a nonlinear term coefficient B;
wherein,
j is water pressure gradient with unit of Pa/m;
q is the data of the flowmeter and is in m3/s；
A is linear coefficient in kg · s-1·m-5；
B is a nonlinear term coefficient with the unit of kg.m-8。
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| CN114609363A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-06-10 | 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心（西南地质科技创新中心） | Multifunctional soft rock disintegration measuring device and testing method |
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