CN113188970A - Variable cross-section test device and method for simulating slurry penetration film formation of slurry shield - Google Patents
Variable cross-section test device and method for simulating slurry penetration film formation of slurry shield Download PDFInfo
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- CN113188970A CN113188970A CN202110350607.2A CN202110350607A CN113188970A CN 113188970 A CN113188970 A CN 113188970A CN 202110350607 A CN202110350607 A CN 202110350607A CN 113188970 A CN113188970 A CN 113188970A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a variable cross-section test device and a variable cross-section test method for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield, wherein the variable cross-section test device comprises a test cylinder body, the test cylinder body comprises an upper cylinder body and a lower cylinder body which are connected, and the diameter of the lower cylinder body is larger than that of the upper cylinder body; a muddy water bin is arranged at the lower part in the upper barrel, and a stratum filling bin and a pebble filtering layer are sequentially arranged in the lower barrel from top to bottom; the lateral walls of the lower part of the upper barrel and the upper part of the lower barrel are provided with pressure gauges, the lateral wall of the bottom of the lower barrel is connected with a measuring cylinder, the bottom of the measuring cylinder is matched with a measuring scale, and the pressure gauges and the measuring scale are both connected with an upper computer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slurry shield construction, and particularly relates to a variable cross-section test device and method for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The slurry shield is widely applied to the construction of the river crossing tunnel by virtue of good supporting capability and low disturbance of the slurry shield on high-permeability stratum. The key of the slurry shield construction is that a layer of compact mud film is formed in front of the excavation face, and the mud pressure acts on the soil framework through the mud film to balance the water and soil pressure in the stratum, so that the stability of the excavation face is maintained, and the forming mechanism of the mud film and the influence factors of the mud film quality are determined to be core factors for maintaining the stability of the excavation face.
In the actual slurry shield tunneling process, the slurry cabin is in shield-shell-free support with the length of about one meter around, a mud film is formed in a shield-shell-free area around the slurry cabin in the slurry spraying process, and slurry permeates in the area to further affect a front excavation surface. The inventor finds that the existing slurry permeation film forming test device is an equal-section permeation column device, a one-dimensional directional permeation test is carried out, and the influence of the formation quality of a sludge film around a slurry cabin and the change of a permeation flow field on the stability of an excavation surface is not considered, so that the device has certain deviation from three-dimensional diffusion type permeation in actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a variable cross section test device and a variable cross section test method for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield, wherein the device can monitor the change rule of pore water pressure in a stratum, the size of water filtration amount and the formation condition of a mud film, and can be used for simulating and researching the migration rule of slurry particles in a three-dimensional space.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a variable cross-section test apparatus for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield, including a test column, where the test column includes an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder connected with each other, and a diameter of the lower cylinder is greater than a diameter of the upper cylinder; a muddy water bin is arranged at the lower part in the upper barrel, and a stratum filling bin and a pebble filtering layer are sequentially arranged in the lower barrel from top to bottom; the lateral walls of the lower part of the upper barrel and the upper part of the lower barrel are provided with pressure gauges, the lateral wall of the bottom of the lower barrel is connected with a measuring cylinder, the bottom of the measuring cylinder is matched with a measuring scale, and the pressure gauges and the measuring scale are both connected with an upper computer.
As a further technical scheme, the stratum filling bin and the pebble filtering layer fill the whole lower cylinder.
As a further technical scheme, the test cylinder is arranged in the test frame, the test frame comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are oppositely arranged from top to bottom, a vertical stand column is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, the test cylinder is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, the top end of the upper cylinder is connected with the bottom of the top plate, and the bottom end of the lower cylinder is connected with the top of the bottom plate.
As a further technical scheme, a grouting hole is formed in the side wall of the top of the upper barrel, and grout is injected into the upper barrel from the grouting hole; the side wall of the bottom of the upper cylinder body is provided with a mud valve which is correspondingly arranged above the top of the lower cylinder body.
As a further technical scheme, the upper barrel is further connected with a slurry pressurizing device, the slurry pressurizing device comprises a pressure regulating device connected with the side wall of the top of the upper barrel, the pressure regulating device is connected with an air compressor, and an air inlet valve is arranged between the side wall of the top of the upper barrel and the pressure regulating device.
As a further technical scheme, an opening is formed in the top of the lower barrel, the upper barrel is connected to the opening of the lower barrel, and the upper barrel and the lower barrel are communicated after being connected.
As a further technical scheme, a soil layer is filled in the stratum filling bin, a cylindrical space is arranged at the top of the stratum filling bin corresponding to the area below the upper barrel, and mud is filled in the cylindrical space.
As a further technical scheme, a steel wire mesh is arranged on the inner side of the cylindrical space along the circumferential direction.
As a further technical scheme, the side wall of the upper part of the lower barrel is provided with a plurality of pressure gauges from top to bottom in parallel, the upper barrel and the lower barrel are provided with scale marks, and a drain valve is arranged between the measuring cylinder and the lower barrel.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a testing method using the variable cross-section testing apparatus described above, including the following steps:
preparing slurry and checking the air tightness of the test device;
inverting the lower cylinder, filling soil samples in layers, burying a pressure gauge, and paving a pebble filter layer; after the upper cylinder body is connected with the lower cylinder body, water is injected into the lower cylinder body from the bottom to reversely saturate the stratum;
injecting slurry into the upper cylinder, introducing gas into the upper cylinder through a slurry pressurizing device, wherein the gas pressure is close to that in the actual engineering, performing a slurry permeation test, and synchronously measuring the relationship between the pore water pressure and the permeation flow rate in the soil layer along with the time and the loading pressure;
stopping pressurizing, finishing the slurry permeation test, dismantling the upper cylinder body, and observing the condition of a sludge film formed at the soil layer of the lower cylinder body;
and (3) changing the mud pressure, the mud characteristic and the soil layer characteristic, repeating the steps, and performing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
the testing device provided by the invention adopts the variable cross-section testing cylinder, the testing cylinder is formed by connecting the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, the diameter of the lower cylinder is larger than that of the upper cylinder to form a variable cross-section form, and the slurry is arranged in the upper cylinder and can be used for simulating and exploring the migration rule of slurry particles in a three-dimensional space.
The test device disclosed by the invention fills gas into the upper cylinder body through the mud pressurizing device to perform a mud penetration test, can measure the relation between the pore water pressure and the seepage flow in the soil layer along with time and the loading pressure, can monitor the change rule of the pore water pressure in the stratum, the magnitude of the water filtration amount and the formation condition of a mud film, is simple to operate, and provides certain guidance for the slurry shield construction in the actual engineering.
According to the test device, the cylindrical space is arranged at the top of the stratum filling bin of the lower barrel, the diameter of the cylindrical space is equal to that of the upper barrel, soil is not filled in the cylindrical space, the slurry acting surface is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical space (and the side wall of the cylindrical space), the forming quality of a mud film at the periphery of the slurry bin can be simulated, the influence of the variation of a sandy soil layer seepage field at the periphery of the slurry bin on the stability of the shield tunnel is researched, and the test device is closer to the actual construction engineering of the slurry shield.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a variable cross-section test apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;
the device comprises a grouting hole, an air inlet valve, a muddy water bin, a mud discharge valve, a steel wire mesh, a stratum filling bin, a pebble filtering layer, a test stand, a pressure regulating device, an air compressor, a pressure measuring hole, an upper computer, a measuring cylinder, an electronic scale, a water discharge valve, an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder, wherein the grouting hole is 1, the air inlet valve is 2, the muddy water bin is 3, the mud discharge valve is 4, the steel wire mesh is 5, the stratum filling bin is 6, the pebble filtering layer is 7, the test stand is 8, the pressure regulating device is 9, the air compressor is 10, the pressure measuring hole is 11, the upper computer is 12, the measuring cylinder is 13, the electronic scale is 14, the water discharge valve is 15, the upper cylinder is 16, and the lower cylinder is 17.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present invention should be understood broadly, and for example, the terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As introduced by the background art, the prior art has the defects, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a variable cross-section test device and a variable cross-section test method for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield. The device is more fit with the actual construction site of the slurry shield, can research and explore the migration rule of slurry particles in a three-dimensional space and the forming quality of a mud film at the periphery of the slurry cabin and in front of the excavation surface, and discloses the permeation and diffusion mechanism of the slurry in the excavation surface and the saturated sand layer at the periphery of the slurry cabin.
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a variable cross-section test apparatus for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield is provided, which includes a slurry pressurizing device, a test column and a data acquisition device.
The test cylinder comprises an upper cylinder 16 and a lower cylinder 17 which are connected, and the diameter of the lower cylinder is larger than that of the upper cylinder; in this embodiment, the upper cylinder body adopts the organic glass cylinder that the diameter is D, and the lower cylinder body adopts the organic glass cylinder that the diameter is 3D.
In test stand 8 is arranged in to the experimental cylinder, the experimental frame includes relative roof and the bottom plate that sets up from top to bottom, sets up vertical stand between roof and the bottom plate, and between roof and the bottom plate were arranged in to the experimental cylinder, and the top of upper portion barrel is connected with the roof bottom of test stand through seal ring, and lower part barrel bottom is connected with the bottom plate top of test stand through seal ring.
In the present embodiment, the top plate and the bottom plate are made of steel plates, and the columns are made of steel columns.
The bottom of the bottom plate of the test frame can be provided with a base for supporting the whole test column body.
The mud pressurizing device mainly comprises a pressure regulating device 9 and an air compressor 10 and is communicated with the upper barrel through an air conveying pipe.
The data acquisition device comprises a plurality of manometers and an electronic scale 14, wherein one of the manometers is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the upper barrel, and the rest manometers are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the lower barrel from top to bottom in parallel. The pressure gauge can be a pore water pressure gauge.
The pressure measuring holes 11 are formed in the lower portion of the upper barrel and the upper portion of the lower barrel, the pressure measuring holes of the upper barrel are arranged on the side wall of the muddy water bin, the pressure measuring holes of the lower barrel are arranged on the side wall of the stratum filling bin 6, and the pressure measuring holes are connected with a pressure measuring meter through a lead.
The pressure gauge and the electronic scale are connected with an upper computer 12, and a data processing system is arranged in the upper computer to process the acquired data.
Specifically, pressure regulating device 9 is connected to upper portion barrel top lateral wall, and pressure regulating device is connected with air compressor machine 10, is provided with admission valve 2 between upper portion barrel top lateral wall and the pressure regulating device, and the gas that the air compressor machine provided is carried in the upper portion barrel after the pressure regulating of pressure regulating device, and whether admission valve can control to ventilate.
The side wall of the top of the upper cylinder body is provided with a grouting hole 1, and slurry (slurry) can be injected into the upper cylinder body through the grouting hole; the side wall of the bottom of the upper barrel is provided with a mud valve 4 which is correspondingly arranged above the top of the lower barrel, and mud in the upper barrel can be discharged through the mud valve. After the test is finished, the injected slurry needs to be discharged, the mud discharge valve is opened at the moment, the mud can be discharged, and then the upper barrel body and the lower barrel body can be detached for cleaning.
The upper barrel and the lower barrel are detachably connected, in the embodiment, the upper barrel and the lower barrel are tightly connected through the turnbuckles, the top of the lower barrel is provided with the circular opening, the upper barrel is connected to the circular opening of the lower barrel, the upper barrel and the lower barrel are communicated after being connected, and slurry can be injected into the lower barrel from the upper barrel.
The lower part in the upper barrel is provided with a muddy water bin 3, the lower barrel is internally provided with a stratum filling bin 6 and a pebble filtering layer 7 from top to bottom in sequence, and the stratum filling bin and the pebble filtering layer fill the whole lower barrel.
The upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are provided with scale marks.
The stratum filling bin is filled with a soil layer, a cylindrical space is arranged at the top of the stratum filling bin corresponding to the area below the upper barrel, soil is not filled in the cylindrical space, the cylindrical space is arranged to be a slurry bin, slurry can be filled in the slurry bin, and the influence of the variation of a sandy soil layer seepage field around the slurry bin on the stability of the shield tunnel can be simulated.
The inner side of the cylindrical space of the lower cylinder body is provided with a steel wire mesh 5 along the circumferential direction, and the steel wire mesh is used for keeping the stability of surrounding soil.
The soil-unfilled region of the lower cylinder corresponds to a cylindrical space having a height D/10 below the interface of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.
The side wall of the bottom of the pebble filtering layer of the lower barrel is connected with a measuring cylinder 13 through a rubber pipe, a drain valve 15 is arranged between the measuring cylinder and the lower barrel, and an electronic scale 14 is arranged below the measuring cylinder and can measure the amount of discharged water.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a test method adopting the variable cross-section test device, which comprises the following steps:
preparing slurry and checking the air tightness of the test device;
inverting the lower cylinder, filling soil samples in layers, burying a pressure gauge, and paving a pebble filter layer; after the lower barrel is inverted and inverted again (namely after the lower barrel is inverted), the upper barrel is connected with the lower barrel, and water is injected into the lower barrel from the bottom through a drain valve so as to reversely saturate the stratum; when the water reaches the upper cylinder, the soil body is considered to be saturated;
injecting slurry into the upper cylinder, introducing gas into the upper cylinder through a slurry pressurizing device, performing a slurry permeation test, and synchronously measuring the relationship between the pore water pressure and the seepage flow in the soil layer along with time and the loading pressure;
stopping pressurizing, finishing the slurry permeation test, dismantling the upper cylinder body, and observing the condition of a sludge film formed at the soil layer of the lower cylinder body; the mud film is formed on the excavation surface of the lower cylinder body, and the mud film condition can be observed only by disassembling the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body;
and (3) changing the mud pressure, the mud characteristic and the soil layer characteristic, repeating the steps, and performing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments.
The testing device researches the migration rule of slurry particles in a three-dimensional space and the forming quality of a sludge film at the periphery of a slurry cabin and in front of an excavation surface through three-dimensional penetration tests of slurries with different properties in different strata; the influence of the variation of the seepage field of the sand layer around the slurry storehouse on the stability of the shield tunnel can be simulated and analyzed.
The following describes the specific operation of the experiment using the device with three operating conditions:
working condition 1:
step 1: preparation work: preparing slurry required by an experiment, preparing materials such as a soil sample, a pore water pressure meter and the like, and checking whether all parts of an instrument are normal and whether the air tightness of the device is good;
step 2: firstly, inverting the lower cylinder body on an acrylic plate, filling a soil sample into a stratum filling bin 6 in a layered mode and compacting, burying a pore water pressure meter at a preset position, extending a lead out of a pressure measuring hole and connecting the lead with an upper computer, laying a pebble filtering layer 7, placing an acrylic plate on the lower cylinder body after filling, inverting the lower cylinder body again and tightly connecting the lower cylinder body with the bottom end of a test stand 8 through a sealing washer; taking off the acrylic plate at the upper part, vertically digging a cylindrical space with the height of D/10 downwards along the interface of the upper barrel and the lower barrel, and arranging a steel wire mesh 5 on the surface of the cylindrical space to prevent the soil sample from being unstable; the upper barrel is tightly connected with the lower barrel through a turnbuckle, and the other end of the upper barrel is connected with the test rack 8 through a sealing washer; opening a drain valve 15, injecting water into the lower cylinder by the drain valve, reversely saturating the stratum, and then closing the drain valve 15;
and step 3: test slurry with a certain height is filled above the stratum through the grouting holes 1, at the moment, the steel wire net is hooked out of the test column body, and then the grouting holes 1 are closed;
and 4, step 4: adjusting an air compressor 10 and a pressure regulating device 9, setting a mud pressure value, opening an air inlet valve 2 and a drain valve 15, performing a mud penetration test, and synchronously measuring the relation between the pore water pressure and the seepage flow in a soil layer along with time and loading pressure;
and 5: when the measured value has no obvious change any more, the measured values of the pore water pressure and the seepage flow are recorded, and at the moment, a mud film is formed substantially;
step 6: and stopping pressurizing, releasing the air pressure in the test column through the pressure regulating device 9, closing the drain valve 15 and finishing the slurry permeation test. Opening a mud valve 4 at the bottom end of the upper cylinder body to discharge the residual mud; then, the lower barrel body and the upper barrel body are separated through a turnbuckle, the shape of a mud film around the reserved space and in front of the excavation surface is observed, a soil body is slowly excavated, and the phenomena of the penetration distance of mud around the reserved space and in front of the excavation surface, the thickness of the mud film, the filling and adsorption condition of the mud on the soil layer and the like are recorded; the shape and thickness of the mud film are the standards for evaluating the quality of the mud film, the larger the penetration distance is, the less rapid the mud film formation or the poor quality of the mud film formation is shown, at the moment, a large amount of mud penetrates into the soil body, and the speed and quality of the mud film formation can be verified through recording the parameters;
and 7: and (3) respectively changing the mud pressure, mud characteristics, soil layer characteristics and the like, repeating the steps, and performing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments.
Working condition 2:
step 1: as described in condition 1;
step 2: firstly, inverting the lower cylinder body on an acrylic plate, filling a soil sample into a stratum filling bin 6 in a layered mode and compacting, burying a pore water pressure meter at a preset position, enabling a lead to extend out of a pressure measuring hole and be connected with an upper computer 12, laying a pebble filter layer 7, placing an acrylic plate on the lower cylinder body after filling, inverting the lower cylinder body again and tightly connecting the lower cylinder body with the bottom end of a test stand 8 through a sealing gasket; taking off the acrylic plate at the upper part, tightly connecting the upper barrel with the lower barrel through a turnbuckle, and connecting the other end with the test rack 8 through a sealing washer; opening the drain valve 15 to reverse saturate the formation, and then closing the drain valve 15;
and step 3: test slurry with a certain height is filled above the stratum through the grouting holes 1, and then the grouting holes are closed;
step 4-step 7: as described in condition 1.
Working condition 3:
step 1: as described in condition 1;
step 2: firstly, inverting the lower cylinder body on an acrylic plate, filling a soil sample into a stratum filling bin 6 in a layered mode and compacting, burying a pore water pressure meter at a preset position, enabling a lead to extend out of a pressure measuring hole and be connected with an upper computer 12, laying a pebble filter layer 7, placing an acrylic plate on the lower cylinder body after filling, inverting the lower cylinder body again and tightly connecting the lower cylinder body with the bottom end of a test stand 8 through a sealing gasket; taking off the acrylic plate at the upper part, tightly connecting the upper barrel with the lower barrel through a turnbuckle, filling the soil sample with the height of 1/5-1/4 upper barrel into the upper barrel, tamping, and connecting the other end of the upper barrel with the test frame 8 through a sealing washer; opening the drain valve 15 to reverse saturate the formation, and then closing the drain valve 15;
step 3-step 7: as described in condition 2.
The three working conditions can respectively simulate a slurry permeation film forming test under three conditions: in the working condition 1, when the stratum is filled to a D/10 distance in the stratum filling bin, a three-dimensional diffusion type test can be simulated and considered when mud at the periphery of the mud water bin permeates; in the working condition 2, when the stratum is filled to the interface of the mud water bin and the stratum filling bin, a diffusion type mud penetration test without considering the mud penetration around the mud water bin can be simulated; in working condition 3, when the stratum is filled into the muddy water bin for a certain distance, a one-dimensional directional mud penetration test can be simulated, and comparison of experimental results is facilitated.
In conclusion, the test device can simulate the diffusion type permeation film forming process of the slurry in the three-dimensional space in the slurry shield construction, considers the influence of the slurry permeation film forming around the slurry cabin on the stability of the excavation surface, and is more in line with the engineering practice. The method can monitor the change rule of pore water pressure in the stratum, the water filtration quantity and the formation condition of the mud film, is simple to operate, and provides certain guidance for the construction of the slurry shield in the actual engineering. The testing device has multiple functions and can simulate the mud penetration test under various conditions.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A variable cross-section test device for simulating slurry penetration and film formation of a slurry shield is characterized by comprising a test cylinder, wherein the test cylinder comprises an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder which are connected, and the diameter of the lower cylinder is larger than that of the upper cylinder; a muddy water bin is arranged at the lower part in the upper barrel, and a stratum filling bin and a pebble filtering layer are sequentially arranged in the lower barrel from top to bottom; the lateral walls of the lower part of the upper barrel and the upper part of the lower barrel are provided with pressure gauges, the lateral wall of the bottom of the lower barrel is connected with a measuring cylinder, the bottom of the measuring cylinder is matched with a measuring scale, and the pressure gauges and the measuring scale are both connected with an upper computer.
2. A variable cross-section test apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said formation filling silo and pebble filter layer fill the entire lower cylinder.
3. The variable cross-section test device of claim 1, wherein the test cylinder is arranged in a test rack, the test rack comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are arranged oppositely up and down, a vertical upright is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, the test cylinder is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, the top end of the upper cylinder is connected with the bottom of the top plate, and the bottom end of the lower cylinder is connected with the top of the bottom plate.
4. The variable cross-section test device of claim 1, wherein a grouting hole is formed in the side wall of the top of the upper cylinder, and grout is injected into the upper cylinder from the grouting hole; the side wall of the bottom of the upper cylinder body is provided with a mud valve which is correspondingly arranged above the top of the lower cylinder body.
5. A variable cross-section test device as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the upper cylinder is further connected with a slurry pressurizing device, the slurry pressurizing device comprises a pressure regulating device connected with the side wall of the top of the upper cylinder, the pressure regulating device is connected with an air compressor, and an air inlet valve is arranged between the side wall of the top of the upper cylinder and the pressure regulating device.
6. A section variation testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower cylinder has an opening at the top thereof, and the upper cylinder is connected to the opening of the lower cylinder and then communicated with each other.
7. The variable cross-section test device of claim 1 or 6, wherein the stratum filling bin is filled with a soil layer, a cylindrical space is arranged at the top of the stratum filling bin corresponding to the lower area of the upper cylinder, and mud is filled in the cylindrical space.
8. A variable cross-section test apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein a steel wire mesh is provided circumferentially inside the cylindrical space.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of pressure gauges are arranged in parallel on the upper side wall of the lower cylinder, the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are provided with scale marks, and a drain valve is arranged between the measuring cylinder and the lower cylinder.
10. A test method using the variable cross-section test apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
preparing slurry and checking the air tightness of the test device;
inverting the lower cylinder, filling soil samples in layers, burying a pressure gauge, and paving a pebble filter layer; after the upper cylinder body is connected with the lower cylinder body, water is injected into the lower cylinder body from the bottom to reversely saturate the stratum;
injecting slurry into the upper cylinder, introducing gas into the upper cylinder through a slurry pressurizing device, performing a slurry permeation test, and synchronously measuring the relationship between the pore water pressure and the seepage flow in the soil layer along with time and the loading pressure;
stopping pressurizing, finishing the slurry permeation test, dismantling the upper cylinder body, and observing the condition of a sludge film formed at the soil layer of the lower cylinder body;
and (3) changing the mud pressure, the mud characteristic and the soil layer characteristic, repeating the steps, and performing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments.
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| CN113640192A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 天津大学 | Visual penetration test device and method for simulating muddy water construction |
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