CN110936036A - Laser drilling equipment based on hemispherical shell workpiece and laser drilling process thereof - Google Patents
Laser drilling equipment based on hemispherical shell workpiece and laser drilling process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110936036A CN110936036A CN201911270931.2A CN201911270931A CN110936036A CN 110936036 A CN110936036 A CN 110936036A CN 201911270931 A CN201911270931 A CN 201911270931A CN 110936036 A CN110936036 A CN 110936036A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
- B23K26/0861—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane in at least in three axial directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
- B23K37/0435—Clamps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses laser drilling equipment based on a hemispherical shell workpiece, which comprises a processed workpiece, wherein the processed workpiece comprises a disc body, one side of the disc body is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical pipe joint, the other side of the disc body is provided with a hemispherical shell, and the circular outline edge of the hemispherical shell is integrally connected with the outline edge of the disc body; can meet the process requirement that the process hole needs to pass through the center of the sphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser drilling.
Background
The automatic spray heads are arranged in a large lawn or an artificial green planting area, the automatic spray heads adopt a hemispherical shell structure, a plurality of spray holes are uniformly processed on the periphery of the spherical surface of the hemispherical shell structure, and the spray heads spray water flowers to all directions through the spray holes so as to supplement water for the lawn; when the axes of all the spray holes on the hemispherical shell pass through the spherical center of the hemispherical shell, the spray resistance is smaller, the water spray sprayed to the periphery by the spray head is more uniform and dispersed, and the overall appearance is better; therefore, when the nozzle on the semi-circular shell is machined, the process requires that the axis of each nozzle hole passes through the spherical center of the semi-circular shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides laser drilling equipment based on a hemispherical shell workpiece and a laser drilling process thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the laser drilling equipment based on the hemispherical shell workpiece comprises a processed workpiece, wherein the processed workpiece comprises a disc body, one side of the disc body is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical pipe joint, the other side of the disc body is provided with a hemispherical shell, and the circular outline edge of the hemispherical shell is integrally connected with the outline edge of the disc body;
the laser punching machine also comprises a laser punching mechanism and a workpiece positioning mechanism; the laser punching mechanism can punch holes on a hemispherical shell of the processed workpiece, and the workpiece positioning mechanism can adjust the posture of the processed workpiece in real time.
Furthermore, the workpiece positioning mechanism comprises a horizontal central platform, a pot-shaped workpiece bearing support with an axis in the plumb direction is supported and arranged above the central platform through a plurality of support rods distributed in a circumferential array, and the upper surface of the bearing support is a smooth spherical surface sunken downwards; the inner diameter of a smooth spherical surface with the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support sunken downwards is the same as the outer diameter of the hemispherical shell; the workpiece bearing support upwards supports the hemispherical shell of the processed workpiece, and the hemispherical shell is attached to the smooth spherical surface of the workpiece bearing support with the upper surface downwards sunken.
Furthermore, the workpiece positioning mechanism also comprises a ring disc, the upper side of the inner ring of the ring disc is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical restraining sleeve, and the pipe joint of the workpiece to be processed is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the restraining sleeve; the lower surface of the annular disc is in parallel attached contact with the upper surface of the disc body; the outer diameter of the ring disc is larger than that of the hemispherical shell.
Furthermore, a horizontal linear motor supporting seat is arranged above the ring disc, and the linear motor supporting seat is fixedly arranged with the ground through a supporting mechanism; at least six linear motors with vertically downward push rods are distributed on the lower side of the linear motor supporting seat in a circumferential array along the axis of the workpiece bearing support, the lower end of each push rod of each linear motor is fixedly connected with a spherical ejector head, and each spherical ejector head slides downwards to eject the upper surface of the annular disc; when the ring disc is in a horizontal posture, the spherical jacks are distributed at the edge of the outline of the upper surface of the ring disc in a circumferential array.
Furthermore, a hemispherical negative pressure cover is integrally arranged on the upper side of the ring disc, and the negative pressure cover is arranged outside the constraint sleeve in a sealing manner; the inner side of the negative pressure cover is provided with a negative pressure cavity which is communicated with a hemispherical cavity in the hemispherical shell through a channel in the pipe joint;
the negative pressure cover is characterized by also comprising a bent metal air guide hose, wherein the lower end of the metal air guide hose is fixedly connected to the negative pressure cover, and the lower end of the metal air guide hose is communicated with the negative pressure cavity;
an air suction pump is fixedly mounted on the linear motor supporting seat, an air inlet end of the air suction pump is communicated with the upper end of the metal air guide hose, and an air outlet end of the air suction pump is communicated with an exhaust pipe.
Furthermore, a sealing o-shaped ring is coaxially arranged in the ring groove of the inner wall of the restraining sleeve and is in sealing fit with the pipe joint.
Furthermore, a lifting motor is installed in the middle of the linear motor supporting seat, a lifting rod of the lifting motor extends downwards, an electromagnet is installed at the lower end of the lifting rod, a permanent magnet is installed at the top end of the negative pressure cover, the electromagnet can hold or release the permanent magnet, and the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet and the permanent magnet is greater than the total weight of the negative pressure cover, the ring disc and the processed workpiece; when the lifting rod fixedly suspends the negative pressure cover and the ring disc through the electromagnet, the ring disc is in a horizontal posture.
Furthermore, the laser punching mechanism comprises an annular rotating seat which is coaxial with the outer side of the central platform, an annular rotating platform is arranged on the annular rotating seat, and a driving device can drive the annular rotating platform to rotate along the axis; an inclined steering engine is mounted on the annular rotating platform, a rotating shaft of the steering engine is inclined upwards, and an extension line of an axis of the rotating shaft passes through the sphere center of the hemispherical shell; the laser punching machine is characterized in that a laser puncher is installed at the eccentric position of the end of the rotating shaft, a laser emission extension line of a laser emission head of the laser puncher is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft in a non-coincident mode, and the laser emission head of the laser puncher points to the outer surface of the hemispherical shell.
Further, the working method of the laser drilling equipment based on the hemispherical shell workpiece comprises the following steps:
step one, controlling all push rods to retract upwards; the lifting rod fixedly suspends the negative pressure cover and the ring disc through the attraction of the electromagnet, the ring disc is in a horizontal posture at the moment, and the lifting rod drives the negative pressure cover and the ring disc to move upwards to a preset height through the electromagnet at the moment;
secondly, the pipe joint of the processed workpiece is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the restraining sleeve by the manipulator, and the lower surface of the annular disc is in parallel attached contact with the upper surface of the disc body; at the moment, the air pump is started, and because the hemispherical shell is not punched at the moment, the hemispherical cavity is in a sealed state isolated from the outside at present, so that negative pressure sufficient for adsorbing a workpiece to be processed is generated in the negative pressure cavity, and the hemispherical shell cannot fall under the action of negative pressure adsorption;
step three, the lifting rod drives the negative pressure cover, the ring disc and the processed workpiece to synchronously descend; until the semi-spherical shell of the workpiece to be processed descends to be in sliding fit with the smooth spherical surface sunken downwards on the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support, the workpiece bearing support upwards supports the semi-spherical shell of the workpiece to be processed;
step four, controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, then controlling the lifting rod to retract upwards, further realizing the separation of the electromagnet and the permanent magnet, further realizing that the negative pressure cover and the ring disc are not restricted by the lifting rod, and at the moment, the ring disc is still in a horizontal state;
controlling all push rods to extend downwards, and finally enabling all spherical ejection heads to slide downwards to eject the upper surface of the pressing ring disc, so that the processed workpiece is in a stable state, and the extension line of the axis of the rotating shaft passes through the spherical center of the semispherical shell;
step six, on the basis of maintaining that the spherical tops at the tail ends of all the push rods slide to press the upper surface of the annular disc, the extension lengths of all the push rods are respectively controlled, so that the annular disc is changed in a preset posture, the purpose of adjusting the posture of the processed workpiece is further realized, and in the process of changing the posture of the processed workpiece, the hemispherical shell is always in sliding fit with the smooth spherical surface with the downward concave upper surface of the workpiece bearing support, so that the position of the spherical center of the hemispherical shell cannot be changed by adjusting the posture of the processed workpiece under the constraint of the workpiece bearing support; the processed workpiece can be stably maintained in a determined posture after all linear motors are paused in the posture, the laser emitting head can correspond to different positions on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell due to different postures of the processed workpiece, and the annular rotating platform can drive the laser puncher to scratch the hemispherical shell to rotate so as to adjust the punching direction of the laser emitting head, so that the laser punching mechanism can punch holes in different positions on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell;
in the process of laser drilling one of the holes: the laser puncher can be started, the rotating shaft of the steering engine is controlled to slowly rotate for a circle under the condition that the laser puncher is started, the laser puncher is arranged at the eccentric position of the end part of the rotating shaft, the path swept by the laser emitted by the laser emitting head on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell is exactly a whole circle in the process that the rotating shaft slowly rotates for a circle, so that a circular technical hole is formed on the surface of the hemispherical shell, and the axial line of the rotating shaft passes through the spherical center of the hemispherical shell, so that the axial line extension line of the technical hole punched on the hemispherical shell also passes through the spherical center, and the technical requirement that the technical hole needs to pass through the spherical center is met;
because the air pump is still started, the polluted gas generated by laser burning in the laser drilling process on the hemispherical shell can be continuously sucked away through the metal air guide hose under the action of negative pressure inside the hemispherical shell, so that the harmful gas cannot escape into the working environment, and the health of workers is protected.
Has the advantages that: the laser puncher is simple in structure, the laser puncher is arranged at the eccentric position of the end part of the rotating shaft, the path of laser emitted by the laser emitting head on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell is exactly a whole circle in the process that the rotating shaft slowly rotates for one circle, so that a circular process hole is formed on the surface of the hemispherical shell, and the axis of the rotating shaft passes through the sphere center of the hemispherical shell, so that the axis extension line of the process hole punched on the hemispherical shell always passes through the sphere center, and the process requirement that the process hole needs to pass through the sphere center is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a workpiece to be processed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the disassembly of a workpiece to be processed and a water outlet pipe;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view at 19 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 5 at 18;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partially cut-away structure of the device at the hemispherical shell;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the ring plate and the negative pressure cover;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a partial structure at a laser emitting head.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, in the present embodiment, the workpiece to be processed is a hemispherical lawn sprinkler, and a plurality of spray holes are uniformly processed around the spherical surface of the hemispherical shell 13 of the lawn sprinkler, so that the sprinkler sprays water flowers to all directions through the spray holes for supplementing water to the lawn; when the axes of all the spray holes on the hemispherical shell pass through the spherical center of the hemispherical shell, the spray resistance is smaller, the water spray sprayed to the periphery by the spray head is more uniform and dispersed, and the overall appearance is better; therefore, when the nozzle on the semi-circular shell is processed, the process requirement is that the axis of each nozzle hole needs to pass through the spherical center of the semi-circular shell; the core technology of the embodiment is to process all the axes of the fabrication holes 14 on the periphery of the spherical surface of the hemispherical shell 13 to pass through the spherical center of the hemispherical shell 13;
specifically, the workpiece to be processed comprises a disc body 11, one side of the disc body 11 is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical pipe joint 20, the other side of the disc body 11 is provided with a hemispherical shell 13, and the circular outline edge of the hemispherical shell 13 is integrally connected with the outline edge of the disc body 11; the pipe joint 20 of the embodiment is used for being connected with a water outlet pipe 21 on the ground 22 in a sleeved mode through threads, so that water is sprayed out in all directions through a plurality of process holes 14;
the laser punching machine also comprises a laser punching mechanism and a workpiece positioning mechanism; the workpiece to be processed is installed on the workpiece positioning mechanism, the laser punching mechanism corresponds to the workpiece to be processed on the workpiece positioning mechanism, the laser punching mechanism can punch holes in the hemispherical shell 13 of the workpiece to be processed, and the workpiece positioning mechanism can adjust the posture of the workpiece to be processed in real time.
The workpiece positioning mechanism comprises a horizontal central platform 32, a pot-shaped workpiece bearing support 15 with an axis in a plumb direction is supported above the central platform 32 through a plurality of support rods 33 distributed in a circumferential array, and the upper surface of the bearing support 15 is a smooth spherical surface sunken downwards; the inner diameter of a smooth spherical surface with the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support 15 sunken downwards is the same as the outer diameter of the hemispherical shell 13; the workpiece bearing support 15 upwards supports the hemispherical shell 13 of the workpiece to be processed, and the hemispherical shell 13 is attached to the smooth spherical surface of the workpiece bearing support 15 with the upper surface downwards sunken.
The workpiece positioning mechanism further comprises a ring disc 10, the upper side of the inner ring of the ring disc 10 is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical restraint sleeve 27, and the pipe joint 20 of the workpiece to be processed is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the restraint sleeve 27; the lower surface of the ring plate 10 is in parallel attached contact with the upper surface of the circular plate body 11; the outer diameter of the ring disc 10 is larger than the outer diameter of the hemispherical shell 13.
A horizontal linear motor supporting seat 6 is further arranged above the ring disc 10, and the linear motor supporting seat 6 is fixedly arranged with the ground through a supporting mechanism 1; at least six linear motors 7 with vertically downward push rods 8 are distributed on the lower side of the linear motor supporting seat 6 along the axis of the workpiece bearing support 15 in a circumferential array manner, the lower ends of the push rods 8 of the linear motors 7 are fixedly connected with spherical jacks 9, and the spherical jacks 9 slide downwards to jack the upper surface of the ring plate 10; when the ring disk 10 is in a horizontal posture, the spherical jacks 9 are distributed on the edge of the upper surface contour of the ring disk 10 in a circumferential array.
A hemispherical negative pressure cover 31 is integrally arranged on the upper side of the ring disc 10, and the negative pressure cover 31 is hermetically covered on the outer side of the restraining sleeve 27; the inner side of the negative pressure cover 31 is provided with a negative pressure cavity 36, and the negative pressure cavity 36 is communicated with a hemispherical cavity 38 in the hemispherical shell 13 through a channel 37 in the pipe joint 20;
the air guide device further comprises a bent metal air guide hose 3, the lower end of the metal air guide hose 3 is fixedly connected to the negative pressure cover 31, and the lower end of the metal air guide hose 3 is communicated with the negative pressure cavity 36;
an air suction pump 5 is fixedly mounted on the linear motor supporting seat 6, the air inlet end of the air suction pump 5 is communicated with the upper end of the metal air guide hose 3, and the air outlet end of the air suction pump 5 is communicated with an exhaust pipe 4.
A sealing o-shaped ring 26 is coaxially arranged in the ring groove on the inner wall of the restraining sleeve 27, and the sealing o-shaped ring 26 is in sealing fit with the pipe joint 20.
The middle part of the linear motor supporting seat 6 is provided with a lifting motor 2, a lifting rod 34 of the lifting motor 2 extends downwards, the lower end of the lifting rod 34 is provided with an electromagnet 35, the top end of the negative pressure cover 31 is provided with a permanent magnet 30, the electromagnet 35 can suck or release the permanent magnet 30, and the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet 35 and the permanent magnet 30 is greater than the total weight of the negative pressure cover 31, the ring disc 10 and the processed workpiece; when the lifting rod 34 fixedly suspends the negative pressure cover 31 and the ring plate 10 through the electromagnet 35, the ring plate 10 is in a horizontal posture.
The laser punching mechanism comprises an annular rotating seat 17 which is coaxial with the outer side of the central platform 32, an annular rotating platform 16 is arranged on the annular rotating seat 17, and a driving device can drive the annular rotating platform 16 to rotate along the axis; an inclined steering engine 12 is mounted on the annular rotating platform 16, a rotating shaft 25 of the steering engine 12 is inclined upwards, and an extension line of an axis of the rotating shaft 25 passes through the sphere center of the hemispherical shell 13; the laser puncher 24 is installed at an eccentric position of the end part of the rotating shaft 25, a laser emission extension line of a laser emission head 23 of the laser puncher 24 is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft 25, and the laser emission head 23 of the laser puncher 24 points to the outer surface of the hemispherical shell 13.
The working method and the working principle of the laser drilling equipment based on the hemispherical shell workpiece comprise the following steps:
step one, controlling all push rods 8 to retract upwards; the lifting rod 34 fixedly suspends the negative pressure cover 31 and the ring disc 10 through the attraction of the electromagnet 35, at the moment, the ring disc 10 is in a horizontal posture, and at the moment, the lifting rod 34 drives the negative pressure cover 31 and the ring disc 10 to move upwards to a preset height through the electromagnet 35;
step two, the pipe joint 20 of the workpiece to be processed is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the restraining sleeve 27 by the manipulator, and the lower surface of the ring plate 10 is in parallel attached contact with the upper surface of the disc body 11; at this time, the air pump 5 is started, and since the hemispherical shell 13 is not perforated at this time, the hemispherical cavity 38 is in a sealed state isolated from the outside at present, so that negative pressure sufficient for adsorbing a workpiece to be processed is generated in the negative pressure cavity 36, and the hemispherical shell 13 cannot fall under the action of negative pressure adsorption;
step three, the lifting rod 34 drives the negative pressure cover 31, the ring disc 10 and the processed workpiece to synchronously descend; until the semi-spherical shell 13 of the workpiece to be processed descends to be in sliding fit with the smooth spherical surface sunken downwards on the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support 15, the workpiece bearing support 15 can upwards support the semi-spherical shell 13 of the workpiece to be processed;
step four, controlling the electromagnet 35 to be powered off, then controlling the lifting rod 34 to retract upwards, further realizing the separation of the electromagnet 35 and the permanent magnet 30, further realizing that the negative pressure cover 31 and the ring disc 10 are not restricted by the lifting rod, and at the moment, the ring disc 10 is still in a horizontal state;
step five, controlling all push rods 8 to extend downwards, and finally enabling all spherical ejection heads 9 to slide downwards to eject the upper surface of the pressing ring disc 10, so that the processed workpiece is in a stable state, and the extension line of the axis of the rotating shaft 25 passes through the spherical center of the hemispherical shell 13;
sixthly, on the basis that the spherical jacks 9 at the tail ends of all the push rods 8 are kept to slidably jack the upper surface of the ring disc 10, the extension lengths of all the push rods 8 are respectively controlled, so that the ring disc 10 is changed in a preset posture, and the purpose of adjusting the posture of the processed workpiece is further realized, and in the process of changing the posture of the processed workpiece, the hemispherical shell 13 is always in sliding fit with the smooth spherical surface, which is sunken downwards, on the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support 15, so that the position of the spherical center of the hemispherical shell 13 cannot be changed by the posture adjustment of the processed workpiece under the constraint of the workpiece bearing support 15; the processed workpiece can be stably maintained in a determined posture after all the linear motors 7 are paused in the posture, the laser emitting head 23 can correspond to different positions on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell 13 due to different postures of the processed workpiece, and the annular rotating platform 16 can drive the laser puncher 24 to scratch the hemispherical shell 13 to rotate so as to adjust the punching direction of the laser emitting head 23, so that the laser punching mechanism can punch holes in different positions on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell 13;
in the process of laser drilling one of the holes: the laser puncher 24 is started, the rotating shaft 25 of the steering engine 12 is controlled to slowly rotate for a circle under the condition that the laser puncher 24 is started, the laser puncher 24 is installed at the eccentric position of the end part of the rotating shaft 25, the path swept by the laser emitted by the laser emitting head 23 on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell 13 is exactly a whole circle in the process that the rotating shaft 25 slowly rotates for a circle, a circular process hole 14 is formed on the surface of the hemispherical shell 13, and the axis of the rotating shaft 25 passes through the spherical center of the hemispherical shell 13, so that the axis extension line of the process hole 14 punched on the hemispherical shell 13 also passes through the spherical center, and the process requirement that the process hole 14 needs to pass through the spherical center is met;
because the air pump 5 is still started, the polluted gas generated by laser burning on the hemispherical shell 13 in the laser drilling process can be continuously sucked away through the metal air guide hose 3 under the action of negative pressure inside the hemispherical shell 13, so that harmful gas cannot escape to the working environment, and the health of workers is protected.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The laser drilling equipment based on the hemispherical shell workpiece comprises a processed workpiece, wherein the processed workpiece comprises a disk body (11), one side of the disk body (11) is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical pipe joint (20), the other side of the disk body (11) is provided with a hemispherical shell (13), and the circular outline edge of the hemispherical shell (13) is integrally connected with the outline edge of the disk body (11);
the method is characterized in that: the laser punching machine also comprises a laser punching mechanism and a workpiece positioning mechanism; the workpiece to be processed is installed on the workpiece positioning mechanism, the laser punching mechanism corresponds to the workpiece to be processed on the workpiece positioning mechanism, the laser punching mechanism can punch holes in a hemispherical shell (13) of the workpiece to be processed, and the workpiece positioning mechanism can adjust the posture of the workpiece to be processed in real time.
2. Laser drilling apparatus based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 1 wherein: the workpiece positioning mechanism comprises a horizontal central platform (32), a pot-shaped workpiece bearing support (15) with an axis in a plumb direction is supported above the central platform (32) through a plurality of supporting rods (33) distributed in a circumferential array, and the upper surface of the bearing support (15) is a smooth spherical surface sunken downwards; the inner diameter of a smooth spherical surface with the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support (15) sunken downwards is the same as the outer diameter of the semispherical shell (13); the workpiece bearing support (15) upwards supports the hemispherical shell (13) of the workpiece to be processed, and the hemispherical shell (13) is attached to the smooth spherical surface of the workpiece bearing support (15) with the upper surface downwards sunken.
3. Laser drilling apparatus based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 2 wherein: the workpiece positioning mechanism further comprises a ring disc (10), the upper side of an inner ring of the ring disc (10) is coaxially and integrally connected with a cylindrical restraining sleeve (27), and a pipe joint (20) of the workpiece to be processed is coaxially sleeved on the inner side of the restraining sleeve (27); the lower surface of the ring disc (10) is in parallel attached contact with the upper surface of the disc body (11); the outer diameter of the ring disc (10) is larger than that of the hemispherical shell (13).
4. Laser drilling apparatus based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 3 wherein: a horizontal linear motor supporting seat (6) is further arranged above the ring disc (10), and the linear motor supporting seat (6) is fixedly arranged with the ground through a supporting mechanism (1); at least six push rods (8) are distributed on the lower side of the linear motor supporting seat (6) in a circumferential array along the axis of the workpiece bearing support (15), the linear motors (7) vertically face downwards, the lower ends of the push rods (8) of the linear motors (7) are fixedly connected with spherical ejection heads (9), and the spherical ejection heads (9) slide downwards to eject the upper surface of the ring disc (10); when the ring disc (10) is in a horizontal posture, the spherical jacks (9) are distributed at the edge of the outline of the upper surface of the ring disc (10) in a circumferential array.
5. Laser drilling equipment based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that: a hemispherical negative pressure cover (31) is integrally arranged on the upper side of the ring disc (10), and the negative pressure cover (31) is hermetically covered on the outer side of the restraining sleeve (27); the inner side of the negative pressure cover (31) is provided with a negative pressure cavity (36), and the negative pressure cavity (36) is communicated with a hemispherical cavity (38) in the hemispherical shell (13) through a channel (37) in the pipe joint (20);
the negative pressure hood is characterized by further comprising a bent metal air guide hose (3), the lower end of the metal air guide hose (3) is fixedly connected to the negative pressure hood (31), and the lower end of the metal air guide hose (3) is communicated with the negative pressure cavity (36);
the air suction pump (5) is fixedly mounted on the linear motor supporting seat (6), the air inlet end of the air suction pump (5) is communicated with the upper end of the metal air guide hose (3), and the air outlet end of the air suction pump (5) is communicated with the exhaust pipe (4).
6. Laser drilling apparatus based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 3 wherein: the ring groove of restraint cover (27) inner wall is provided with sealed o shape circle (26) with the axle center in, sealed o shape circle (26) with coupling (20) sealed cooperation.
7. Laser drilling apparatus based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 3 wherein: the middle of the linear motor supporting seat (6) is provided with a lifting motor (2), a lifting rod (34) of the lifting motor (2) extends downwards, an electromagnet (35) is arranged at the lower end of the lifting rod (34), a permanent magnet (30) is arranged at the top end of the negative pressure cover (31), the electromagnet (35) can hold or release the permanent magnet (30), and the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet (35) and the permanent magnet (30) is greater than the total weight of the negative pressure cover (31), the ring disc (10) and the processed workpiece; when the lifting rod (34) fixedly suspends the negative pressure cover (31) and the ring disc (10) through the electromagnet (35), the ring disc (10) is in a horizontal posture.
8. Laser drilling apparatus based on hemispherical shell workpieces according to claim 7 wherein: the laser punching mechanism comprises an annular rotating seat (17) which is coaxial with the outer side of the central platform (32), an annular rotating platform (16) is arranged on the annular rotating seat (17), and a driving device can drive the annular rotating platform (16) to rotate along the axis; an inclined steering engine (12) is mounted on the annular rotating platform (16), a rotating shaft (25) of the steering engine (12) is inclined upwards, and an extension line of an axis of the rotating shaft (25) passes through the sphere center of the semispherical shell (13); the laser punching machine is characterized in that a laser puncher (24) is installed at the eccentric position of the end part of the rotating shaft (25), the laser emission extension line of a laser emission head (23) of the laser puncher (24) is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft (25) in a non-coincident mode, and the laser emission head (23) of the laser puncher (24) points to the outer surface of the hemispherical shell (13).
9. The working method of the hemispherical shell workpiece-based laser drilling equipment as claimed in claim 8, wherein the working method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, controlling all push rods (8) to retract upwards; the lifting rod (34) fixedly suspends the negative pressure cover (31) and the ring disc (10) through the attraction of the electromagnet (35), the ring disc (10) is in a horizontal posture at the moment, and the lifting rod (34) drives the negative pressure cover (31) and the ring disc (10) to move upwards to a preset height through the electromagnet (35);
secondly, coaxially sleeving a pipe joint (20) of the workpiece to be processed on the inner side of the constraint sleeve (27) by the manipulator, and enabling the lower surface of the ring disc (10) to be in parallel attached contact with the upper surface of the disc body (11); at the moment, the air suction pump (5) is started, and because the hemispherical shell (13) is not punched at the moment, the hemispherical cavity (38) is in a sealed state isolated from the outside at present, so that negative pressure sufficient for adsorbing a workpiece to be processed is generated in the negative pressure cavity (36), and the hemispherical shell (13) cannot fall under the action of negative pressure adsorption;
step three, the lifting rod (34) drives the negative pressure cover (31), the ring disc (10) and the processed workpiece to synchronously descend; until the semi-spherical shell (13) of the workpiece to be processed descends to be in sliding fit with the smooth spherical surface with the upper surface of the workpiece bearing support (15) sunken downwards, the workpiece bearing support (15) already realizes the upward support of the semi-spherical shell (13) of the workpiece to be processed;
fourthly, controlling the electromagnet (35) to be powered off, then controlling the lifting rod (34) to retract upwards, further realizing the separation of the electromagnet (35) and the permanent magnet (30), further realizing that the negative pressure cover (31) and the ring disc (10) are not restricted by the lifting rod, and at the moment, the ring disc (10) is still in a horizontal state;
fifthly, controlling all push rods (8) to extend downwards, and finally enabling all spherical ejection heads (9) to slide downwards to eject the upper surface of the pressing ring disc (10) so that the processed workpiece is in a stable state, wherein the extension line of the axis of the rotating shaft (25) passes through the spherical center of the semispherical shell (13);
sixthly, on the basis that the spherical tops (9) at the tail ends of all the push rods (8) are kept to slidably press the upper surface of the ring disc (10), the extension lengths of all the push rods (8) are respectively controlled, so that the ring disc (10) is changed in a preset posture, the purpose of adjusting the posture of the processed workpiece is further realized, and in the process of changing the posture of the processed workpiece, the hemispherical shell (13) is always in sliding fit with the smooth spherical surface with the downward concave upper surface of the workpiece bearing support (15), so that the position of the spherical center of the hemispherical shell (13) cannot be changed by posture adjustment of the processed workpiece under the constraint of the workpiece bearing support (15); the machined workpiece can be stably maintained in a determined posture after all linear motors (7) are paused in the posture, the laser emitting head (23) can correspond to different positions of the outer surface of the hemispherical shell (13) due to different postures of the machined workpiece, and the annular rotating platform (16) can drive the laser puncher (24) to scratch the hemispherical shell (13) to rotate so as to adjust the punching position of the laser emitting head (23), so that the laser punching mechanism can punch holes at different positions of the outer surface of the hemispherical shell (13);
in the process of laser drilling one of the holes: the laser puncher (24) is started, the rotating shaft (25) of the steering engine (12) is controlled to slowly rotate for a circle under the condition that the laser puncher (24) is started, the laser puncher (24) is installed at the eccentric position of the end part of the rotating shaft (25), the path of laser emitted by the laser emitting head (23) on the outer surface of the hemispherical shell (13) is exactly a whole circle in the process that the rotating shaft (25) slowly rotates for a circle, a circular process hole (14) is formed on the surface of the hemispherical shell (13), and the axis of the rotating shaft (25) passes through the sphere center of the hemispherical shell (13), so that the axis extension line of the process hole (14) punched on the hemispherical shell (13) also passes through the sphere center, and the process requirement that the process hole (14) needs to pass through the sphere center is met;
because the air pump (5) is still started, the polluted gas generated by laser burning on the hemispherical shell (13) in the laser drilling process can be continuously sucked away through the metal air guide hose (3) under the action of negative pressure inside the hemispherical shell (13), so that harmful gas cannot escape into the working environment, and the health of workers is protected.
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| CN118002915A (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-05-10 | 宁德思客琦智能装备有限公司 | Cell sealing nail welding device based on laser flying welding principle |
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Effective date of registration: 20211123 Address after: 225400 North of Wenchang East Road, Taixing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province Applicant after: Zhongwo (Taizhou) laser technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 213000 unit 11, east of HUTANG industrial concentration zone, 66 Kechuang Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Applicant before: Hang Tao |
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