CN114985994B - Positioning device and cutting method for laser cutting of multi-pass sheet metal parts - Google Patents
Positioning device and cutting method for laser cutting of multi-pass sheet metal parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN114985994B CN114985994B CN202210697228.5A CN202210697228A CN114985994B CN 114985994 B CN114985994 B CN 114985994B CN 202210697228 A CN202210697228 A CN 202210697228A CN 114985994 B CN114985994 B CN 114985994B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011949 advanced processing technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a positioning device and a cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part, wherein the positioning device comprises a base component, a limiting mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a slag blocking plate, the base component is used for supporting stress and hanging transportation of the whole device, the limiting mechanism comprises a height limiting mechanism and a radial limiting mechanism, and the slag blocking plate is used for blocking slag and receiving waste materials. The device has compact and reasonable structure, convenient hoisting and disassembly, firm positioning and strong universality, and can be used for various cylindrical and multi-pass sheet metal parts only by designing limiting blocks, soft claws and limiting plates with different specifications. The collision monitoring function of the cutting head is utilized to calculate the sphere center of the spherical state multi-way sheet metal part and automatically program based on the sphere center, and the method is accurate and reliable and convenient to operate. The invention can reduce the time consumption of single-piece processing from the traditional 10 hours to 10 minutes, and the processing cost is saved by 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a positioning device and a cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part.
Background
The multi-pass sheet metal parts such as three-way, four-way, five-way and the like are widely applied to aerospace products, are important structural members for conveying fuel, and have high technical requirements, in particular to the angle requirements of flanging holes relative to sphere centers. To avoid introducing welds on the ball, the hydroforming integral forming process is typically employed. The round plate is subjected to the procedures of deep drawing, trimming, necking, hydraulic bulging, flanging, primary hole forming, flanging and the like to form a final part. The cutting end face of the cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part formed by drawing and cutting and the cutting end face of the spherical multi-way sheet metal part formed by hydraulic expansion and the primary Kong Duiqie of the flanging manufactured on the sphere have high requirements on cutting precision and are difficult to position. The traditional processing method of the cutting sections of the cylindrical multi-way sheet metal parts and the spherical multi-way sheet metal parts adopts linear cutting, the cutting speed is low, seven and eight hours are needed for processing one part, the positioning and alignment of the workpiece on a linear cutting machine are difficult, and the phenomenon of offset cutting occurs sometimes, so that the qualification rate of parts is low; the traditional machining method for hole making of the spherical multi-way sheet metal part adopts three-axis milling, and the machining time is 1-2 hours, so that the efficiency is low.
The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting is an advanced processing technology developed in recent years, is mainly used for cutting the shape and the holes of sheet metal parts, has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision, can be used for efficiently processing the end faces and flanging primary holes of the spherical multi-pass sheet metal parts in one-time clamping, and has the advantages of obviously improving the efficiency by only a few minutes for trimming, cutting the end faces and making the holes. The main difficulty of three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting of the multi-pass sheet metal part is positioning and alignment, and related published patents are not found through searching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positioning device and a cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part, which are used for solving the problems of low machining efficiency and low part qualification rate in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A positioning device for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part, comprising:
a base for supporting, a limit mechanism and a clamping mechanism are arranged on the base,
The limiting mechanism comprises a stand column for height limiting and a limiting plate for radial limiting, the stand column is fixedly connected with the base, the limiting plate can be separated from the base,
The clamping mechanism comprises a self-centering three-jaw chuck, a base jaw arranged on the self-centering three-jaw chuck and a soft jaw arranged on the base jaw, wherein the soft jaw can be separated from the base jaw,
A slag baffle is coaxially arranged with the upright post and is arranged on the upper surface of the soft claw,
A limiting block is arranged at the top end of the upright post,
The stand is perpendicular with the base, just the stand coaxial setting is on the base center, the limiting plate has a plurality of, and the limiting plate is followed the axis circumference of stand distributes on the base.
In the technical scheme, the limiting block can be separated from the upright post, and the limiting block does not limit the fixed appearance structure.
In the above technical scheme, a cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part comprises the following steps:
S1, selecting soft claws and limiting blocks which are matched with the molded surfaces of cylindrical multi-way sheet metal parts for installation;
s2: utilizing red light emitted by the cutting head, setting the four corner points on the base as tool setting points, recording coordinates, calculating the center coordinates of the to-be-processed circle by the coordinates, and modeling the to-be-processed circle;
S3: fixing the cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part on a clamping mechanism, performing laser cutting along the model established in the step S2, taking the cut cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part off the clamping mechanism, and performing necking and hydraulic bulging to obtain a spherical multi-way sheet metal part;
s4: the soft claw and the limiting block are replaced, and the spherical multi-way sheet metal part is fixed on the clamping mechanism;
S5: the collision monitoring function of the cutting head is utilized, the Z-axis coordinate is kept unchanged, the nozzle is respectively enabled to contact the outer edge of the maximum diameter of the spherical multi-way sheet metal part along the X, Y axis, and data are recorded;
S6: calculating according to the data to obtain the symmetry axis of the spherical state multi-pass sheet metal part;
S7: the highest point coordinate of the multi-way sheet metal part in a spherical state is obtained by using a nozzle to contact the multi-way sheet metal part from top to bottom along a symmetry axis;
s8: calculating according to the cutting height and the highest point coordinate value set by the cutting parameters to obtain a machine tool alignment highest point coordinate;
S9: and (3) taking the coordinate of the highest point of machine tool alignment as the origin of the workpiece coordinate to perform automatic programming, generating a laser cutting numerical control program, running the laser cutting numerical control program, and cutting the holes and the end faces on the spherical surface of the spherical state multi-pass sheet metal part.
In the above technical solution, in S2, the modeling process is: calculating the average value of four corner coordinates, adding the calculated average value of the Z axis to the center coordinate of the contour to be cut, which is obtained by adding the height value of the contour to be cut from the upper surface of the base, and modeling by using the center coordinate and the outer diameter of the multi-pass sheet metal part in the cylindrical state to be cut.
In the above technical solution, in S3 and S4, the process of fixing the sheet metal part is:
A1: placing the sheet metal part on the limiting block to enable the inner surface of the spherical part of the sheet metal part to be in contact with the limiting block;
a2: operating the self-centering three-jaw chuck to drive the soft jaw to contact the sheet metal part, lifting the sheet metal part by a distance of 5mm, and then slowly putting down the sheet metal part;
A3: repeated operation A2 is repeated for a plurality of times, and gradual clamping is performed, so that the coaxiality error of the sheet metal part and the upright post is not more than 1mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the positioning device for the laser cutting of the multi-way sheet metal part, the spherical crown-shaped limiting block and the circular arc-shaped clamping jaw are arranged to internally support the multi-way sheet metal part to be cut, the limiting plates which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and are in micro-clearance fit with the spherical multi-way sheet metal part are arranged to further enhance the positioning effect, so that the coaxial relation between the spherical multi-way sheet metal part and the upright post is guaranteed, the multi-way sheet metal part in two (more) different working procedure states can be clamped by arranging the replaceable soft claw and the replaceable limiting block, and the secondary clamping of the spherical multi-way sheet metal part is avoided. The device has reasonable structure, reliable positioning and strong universality, and is convenient for blocking slag and removing cutting waste; according to the processing method for the multi-pass sheet metal part, the origin of the workpiece coordinate system is measured and calculated through the cutting head of the machine tool, and laser cutting is used for replacing linear cutting and milling, so that the processing time of a single part is reduced from 10 hours to 10 minutes, the processing cost is saved by 90%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembled cylindrical state multi-pass sheet metal part;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fully assembled spherical state multiway sheet;
Wherein: the self-centering three-jaw chuck comprises a base, a limiting plate, a self-centering three-jaw chuck, a base jaw, a soft jaw, an upright post, a slag blocking plate, a limiting block, a cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part, a spherical multi-way sheet metal part and a fixing plate, wherein the base is 1, the limiting plate is 2, the self-centering three-jaw chuck is 3, the base jaw is 4, the soft jaw is 5, the upright post is 6, the slag blocking plate is 7, the limiting block is 8, the cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part is 9, the spherical multi-way sheet metal part is 10, and the fixing plate is 11.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the positioning device of the present embodiment includes a base 1, a fixing plate 11 disposed on a central hole of the base 1, a limiting plate 2 for radial limiting and a column 6 for axial height limiting disposed on the base 1, and a clamping mechanism.
The limiting plates 2 are connected to the base 1 through positioning pins and bolts in a positioning mode, and the limiting plates 2 are uniformly circumferentially distributed on the same circle by taking a central hole of the base as a circle center. The limiting plate 2 can be detached and installed through bolts. The limiting plate 2 is only used for the spherical multi-pass sheet metal part 10 after bulging, plays a role in enhancing positioning, and improves positioning accuracy.
The stand 6 sets up with base 1 is perpendicular, and stand 6 keeps coaxial relation with the centre bore of base 1, is provided with stopper 8 that can change at the top of stand 6, stopper 8 pass through screw and stand 6 fixed connection. The upright post 6 and the limiting block 8 are mainly used for limiting and supporting the cylindrical multi-pass sheet metal part 9 and the spherical multi-pass sheet metal part.
The clamping mechanism comprises a self-centering three-jaw chuck 3, a base jaw 4 and a soft jaw 5 which are arranged on the self-centering three-jaw chuck 3 in a matching way, wherein the soft jaw 5 is fixed on the base jaw 4 through a screw group, and the soft jaw 5 can be replaced according to the inner diameter of a flange part of a multi-pass sheet metal part to be processed; the slag baffle 7 is arranged on the upright post 6 and keeps coaxial relation with the upright post 6, and the slag baffle 7 clings to the upper surface of the soft claw 5 by means of self gravity, plays roles in blocking slag and receiving waste materials, and is convenient to clean.
The cutting method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one: as shown in fig. 3, the positioning device is placed on a cutting platform of a machine tool, and a replaceable soft claw and a replaceable limiting block which are matched with the molded surface of the cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part are selected and installed.
Step two: and utilizing red light emitted by the cutting head, carrying out tool setting by taking four corner points on the upper surface of the base as tool setting points, recording coordinates, respectively calculating the average value of X, Y, Z of the four point coordinates, adding the Z coordinate with the height value of the profile to be cut from the upper surface of the base to obtain the circle center coordinate of the profile to be cut, modeling by using the circle center coordinate and the outer diameter of the multi-pass sheet metal part in a cylindrical state with cutting, and guiding the modeling into a nesting software Radm-ax for programming to generate a laser cutting numerical control program.
Step three: the method comprises the steps of placing a cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part on a limiting block, enabling the inner surface of a spherical part of the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part to be in contact with the limiting block, operating a self-centering three-jaw chuck to drive a replaceable soft jaw to contact the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part, slowly putting down the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part after the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part is lifted for a short distance of about 5mm, operating the self-centering three-jaw chuck to enable the replaceable soft jaw to contact the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part, repeating the processes of lifting-putting down-operating the self-centering three-jaw chuck for three times, gradually clamping, ensuring that the coaxiality error of a stand column of the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part and the laser cutting device is not more than 1mm, operating a laser cutting numerical control program, and cutting the flange edge of the cylindrical state multi-way sheet metal part along a cutting contour.
The cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part is subjected to necking and hydraulic bulging to obtain the spherical multi-way sheet metal part, as shown in fig. 4.
Step four: the positioning device is placed on a cutting platform of a machine tool, soft claws and limiting blocks matched with the molded surfaces of the spherical multi-way sheet metal parts are selected for installation, a radial limiting structure is installed, the spherical multi-way sheet metal parts are placed on the replaceable limiting blocks, and the self-centering three-claw chuck is screwed to drive the replaceable soft claws to tightly support the spherical multi-way sheet metal parts;
step five: the collision monitoring function of the cutting head is utilized, the Z coordinate is kept unchanged, the nozzle is respectively enabled to be firstly and rapidly contacted with the outer edge of the maximum diameter of the multi-pass sheet metal part in a spherical state along the X+, X-, Y-and Y-directions, and the recorded data are respectively X+, X-, Y-and Y-;
step six: calculating to obtain a symmetry axis Z epsilon R of the spherical state multi-pass sheet metal part;
step seven: enabling the nozzle to contact the spherical multi-pass sheet metal part from top to bottom along the symmetry axis at a rapid speed and then at a micro speed to obtain a highest point coordinate Z0;
step eight: calculating Z H =z 0+H to obtain the coordinate of the highest alignment point of the machine tool, wherein H is the cutting height set by the cutting parameters;
step nine: the method comprises the steps of automatically programming the coordinate origin of a workpiece in Radm-ax to generate a laser cutting numerical control program, running the laser cutting numerical control program, and cutting holes and end faces on the spherical surface of the spherical state multi-pass sheet metal part.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (5)
1. A positioner for cutting of multichannel class sheet metal component laser, its characterized in that includes:
a base for supporting, a limit mechanism and a clamping mechanism are arranged on the base,
The limiting mechanism comprises a stand column for height limiting and a limiting plate for radial limiting, the stand column is fixedly connected with the base, the limiting plate can be separated from the base,
The clamping mechanism comprises a self-centering three-jaw chuck, a base jaw arranged on the self-centering three-jaw chuck and a soft jaw arranged on the base jaw, wherein the soft jaw can be separated from the base jaw,
A slag baffle is coaxially arranged with the upright post and is arranged on the upper surface of the soft claw,
A limiting block is arranged at the top end of the upright post,
The stand is perpendicular with the base, just the stand coaxial setting is on the base center, the limiting plate has a plurality of, and the limiting plate is followed the axis circumference of stand distributes on the base.
2. The positioning device for laser cutting of the multi-pass sheet metal parts according to claim 1, wherein the limiting block can be separated from the upright post, and the limiting block does not limit a fixed appearance structure.
3. A cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part, characterized in that the positioning device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is used for positioning, and comprises the following steps:
S1, selecting soft claws and limiting blocks which are matched with the molded surfaces of cylindrical multi-way sheet metal parts for installation;
s2: utilizing red light emitted by the cutting head, setting the four corner points on the base as tool setting points, recording coordinates, calculating the center coordinates of the to-be-processed circle by the coordinates, and modeling the to-be-processed circle;
S3: fixing the cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part on a clamping mechanism, performing laser cutting along the model established in the step S2, taking the cut cylindrical multi-way sheet metal part off the clamping mechanism, and performing necking and hydraulic bulging to obtain a spherical multi-way sheet metal part;
s4: the soft claw and the limiting block are replaced, and the spherical multi-way sheet metal part is fixed on the clamping mechanism;
S5: the collision monitoring function of the cutting head is utilized, the Z-axis coordinate is kept unchanged, the nozzle is respectively enabled to contact the outer edge of the maximum diameter of the spherical multi-way sheet metal part along the X, Y axis, and data are recorded;
S6: calculating according to the data to obtain the symmetry axis of the spherical state multi-pass sheet metal part;
S7: the highest point coordinate of the multi-way sheet metal part in a spherical state is obtained by using a nozzle to contact the multi-way sheet metal part from top to bottom along a symmetry axis;
s8: calculating according to the cutting height and the highest point coordinate value set by the cutting parameters to obtain a machine tool alignment highest point coordinate;
S9: and (3) taking the coordinate of the highest point of machine tool alignment as the origin of the workpiece coordinate to perform automatic programming, generating a laser cutting numerical control program, running the laser cutting numerical control program, and cutting the holes and the end faces on the spherical surface of the spherical state multi-pass sheet metal part.
4. A cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part according to claim 3, wherein in S2, the modeling process is: calculating the average value of four corner coordinates, adding the calculated average value of the Z axis to the center coordinate of the contour to be cut, which is obtained by adding the height value of the contour to be cut from the upper surface of the base, and modeling by using the center coordinate and the outer diameter of the multi-pass sheet metal part in the cylindrical state to be cut.
5. A cutting method for laser cutting of a multi-pass sheet metal part according to claim 3, wherein in S3 and S4, the process of fixing the sheet metal part is:
A1: placing the sheet metal part on the limiting block to enable the inner surface of the spherical part of the sheet metal part to be in contact with the limiting block;
a2: operating the self-centering three-jaw chuck to drive the soft jaw to contact the sheet metal part, lifting the sheet metal part by a distance of 5mm, and then slowly putting down the sheet metal part;
A3: repeated operation A2 is repeated for a plurality of times, and gradual clamping is performed, so that the coaxiality error of the sheet metal part and the upright post is not more than 1mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210697228.5A CN114985994B (en) | 2022-06-20 | Positioning device and cutting method for laser cutting of multi-pass sheet metal parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210697228.5A CN114985994B (en) | 2022-06-20 | Positioning device and cutting method for laser cutting of multi-pass sheet metal parts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114985994A CN114985994A (en) | 2022-09-02 |
| CN114985994B true CN114985994B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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