CN110933982A - Irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting - Google Patents
Irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110933982A CN110933982A CN201911141510.XA CN201911141510A CN110933982A CN 110933982 A CN110933982 A CN 110933982A CN 201911141510 A CN201911141510 A CN 201911141510A CN 110933982 A CN110933982 A CN 110933982A
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- irrigation
- water
- soil layer
- potassium
- fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
Abstract
The invention discloses an irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. Measuring the thickness of the soil layer on the surface of the planting ground; sampling, measuring and calculating to obtain the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the surface soil layer; determining the amount of irrigation water; calculating the dosage of an acid-base regulator and the dosages of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer which are required to be added in the obtained quantitative irrigation water; preparing an irrigation solution; sampling and measuring the water content of soil of each soil layer, drawing a water content and soil layer depth discrete point diagram in a two-dimensional coordinate system, and performing linear fitting to obtain a linear regression equation to obtain a relation parameter K. The method comprises the steps of measuring the thickness, the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus contents of a surface soil layer of a planting ground, and measuring the water content of the surface soil layer in a graded manner; so as to prepare irrigation liquid for irrigation and control the irrigation speed; avoids the loss of water source, fertilizer and energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting.
Background
As the biggest fertilizer producing and consuming countries in the world, the fertilizer utilization rate of Chinese agriculture is at a low level, and China is also a country with low agricultural water resource utilization rate and has only 1/2 of developed countries. In addition, China is also a country with severe drought and water shortage, after the flood which is difficult to utilize and the underground water resources which are scattered in remote areas are deducted, the quantity of the fresh water resources which are actually available in China is less, the effective irrigation area of farmlands in China is at the top of the world, along with the gradual and severe situation of water resource shortage and the prominent problem of low utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water in China, the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization technology and the irrigation automatic control technology which are advocated by the country are widely applied and become the national agricultural development strategy.
Chinese publication No. CN103210817B discloses an automatic irrigation system for farmland; the agricultural irrigation system mainly comprises a soil humidity sensor, an A/D converter, a single chip microcomputer and a plurality of farmland water sprayers; each farmland sprinkler is provided with an actuator node, and the actuator node comprises a flow control valve and an ARM9 microprocessor which are connected in sequence; the irrigation system is mainly used for irrigating after detecting soil humidity through a soil humidity sensor.
The irrigation speed cannot be controlled according to different soil humidity in the mode, and the irrigation water quantity cannot be accurately determined according to the thicknesses of different cultivated soil layers; meanwhile, when the surface soil of the surface soil layer is wet and the middle soil of the surface soil layer is dry, the irrigation speed is too high, so that irrigation water can not quickly permeate into the surface soil layer, the water loss is caused, nutrients and soil can be lost while the water is lost, the growth of crops is not facilitated, and meanwhile, water sources, fertilizers and electric energy for irrigation are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting, which measures the thickness, the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus contents of a surface soil layer of a planting field and measures the water content of the surface soil layer in a graded manner; so as to prepare irrigation liquid for irrigation and control the irrigation speed; avoids the loss of water source, fertilizer and energy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the thickness of a surface soil layer of a planting ground and calculating to obtain the volume V of surface soil layer cultivated soil;
step 2, sampling, measuring and calculating to obtain the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the surface soil layer;
step 3, determining irrigation water quantity according to the water content obtained by measurement; calculating and obtaining the pH value and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the irrigation water according to the irrigation water quantity, the pH value and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content;
step 4, calculating according to the irrigation water quantity, the pH value of the irrigation water and the contents of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus to obtain the quantitative amount of the pH regulator and the amounts of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer which are required to be added into the irrigation water;
step 5, introducing the quantitative irrigation water obtained by calculation into an irrigation water tower, adding an acid-base regulator, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain an irrigation solution;
step 6, dividing the surface soil layer into a plurality of soil layers according to depth; sampling and measuring the water content of soil of each soil layer, drawing a water content and soil layer depth discrete point diagram in a two-dimensional coordinate system, and performing linear fitting to obtain a linear regression equation to obtain a relation parameter K;
and 7, controlling and adjusting the irrigation speed Vt of the irrigation liquid according to the relation parameter K, the set influence parameter M and the basic flow velocity Vs.
Further, sampling in the step 2 is performed by adopting a sampling tube with the length larger than the thickness of the surface soil layer; directly crushing and uniformly mixing the soil sample sampled by the sampling tube to measure the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content; adding water with the weight of 10-30 times into the ground and uniformly mixed soil sample, uniformly stirring to obtain slurry, filtering and standing the obtained slurry to obtain filtrate, measuring the pH value of the obtained filtrate by using a pH meter, and calculating to obtain the pH value of the original soil sample, namely the pH value of the soil in the planting surface soil layer.
Further, the sampling number of the step 2 sampling is at least 3.
Further, the acid-base regulator comprises aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur powder, gypsum and quick lime.
Further, the topsoil layer is divided into 5-9 steps from top to bottom according to the depth.
Further, the step 6 of measuring the moisture content of soil in each soil layer includes sampling by using a sampling tube with the length larger than the thickness of the surface soil layer; the water content of the soil in each layer was measured.
Further, the number of the samples in the step 6 for measuring the moisture content of soil in each soil layer is at least 10.
Furthermore, the irrigation of the irrigation liquid adopts a shower nozzle for sprinkling irrigation, and the coverage area of the shower nozzle is 1-4m2。
Further, the irrigation speed Vt is related to the relation parameter K, the set influence parameter M and the base flow rate Vs.
A control system of an irrigation and fertilization method comprises a controller, an irrigation system and an irrigation liquid preparation system;
the irrigation liquid preparation system comprises an irrigation water tower, an acid-base regulator metering device, a nitrogen fertilizer metering device, a potassium fertilizer metering device and a phosphate fertilizer metering device; a liquid level meter and a stirring device are arranged in the irrigation water tower;
the controller is respectively in signal connection with the acid-base regulator metering device, the nitrogen fertilizer metering device, the potassium fertilizer metering device, the phosphate fertilizer metering device, the liquid level meter and the stirring device;
the irrigation system comprises a water pump arranged in an irrigation water tower, the water outlet end of the water pump is connected with a water pipe, the water outlet end of the water pipe is connected with a plurality of branch pipes, and the end parts of the branch pipes are connected with a shower head; the water pipe is also provided with an electric flow valve;
the controller is also connected with the water pump and the electric flow valve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method comprises the steps of measuring the thickness, the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus contents of a surface soil layer of a planting ground, and measuring the water content of the surface soil layer in a graded manner; so as to prepare irrigation liquid for irrigation and control the irrigation speed; the loss of water source, fertilizer and energy is avoided;
2. the stirring speed of the stirring device can be adjusted according to the dosage of the acid-base regulator in the irrigation liquid required to be prepared and the dosage of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer;
3. the irrigation of the invention integrates soil pH value, fertilization and water supplement, thus simplifying the operations of irrigation and fertilization in the planting process.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an irrigation and fertigation control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the thickness of a surface soil layer of a planting ground and calculating to obtain the volume V of surface soil layer cultivated soil;
step 2, sampling, measuring and calculating to obtain the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the surface soil layer;
step 3, determining irrigation water quantity according to the water content obtained by measurement; calculating and obtaining the pH value and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the irrigation water according to the irrigation water quantity, the pH value and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content;
step 4, calculating according to the irrigation water quantity, the pH value of the irrigation water and the contents of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus to obtain the quantitative amount of the pH regulator and the amounts of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer which are required to be added into the irrigation water;
step 5, introducing the quantitative irrigation water obtained by calculation into an irrigation water tower, adding an acid-base regulator, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain an irrigation solution;
step 6, dividing the surface soil layer into a plurality of soil layers according to depth; sampling and measuring the water content of soil of each soil layer, drawing a water content and soil layer depth discrete point diagram in a two-dimensional coordinate system, and performing linear fitting to obtain a linear regression equation to obtain a relation parameter K;
and 7, controlling and adjusting the irrigation speed Vt of the irrigation liquid according to the relation parameter K, the set influence parameter M and the basic flow velocity Vs.
Further, sampling in the step 2 is performed by adopting a sampling tube with the length larger than the thickness of the surface soil layer; directly crushing and uniformly mixing the soil sample sampled by the sampling tube to measure the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content; adding water with the weight of 10-30 times into the ground and uniformly mixed soil sample, uniformly stirring to obtain slurry, filtering and standing the obtained slurry to obtain filtrate, measuring the pH value of the obtained filtrate by using a pH meter, and calculating to obtain the pH value of the original soil sample, namely the pH value of the soil in the planting surface soil layer.
Further, the sampling number of the step 2 sampling is at least 3.
Further, the acid-base regulator comprises aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur powder, gypsum and quick lime.
Further, the topsoil layer is divided into 5-9 steps from top to bottom according to the depth.
Further, the step 6 of measuring the moisture content of soil in each soil layer includes sampling by using a sampling tube with the length larger than the thickness of the surface soil layer; the water content of the soil in each layer was measured.
Further, the number of the samples in the step 6 for measuring the moisture content of soil in each soil layer is at least 10.
Furthermore, the irrigation of the irrigation liquid adopts sprinkler heads for sprinkling irrigation, and the coverage area of the sprinkler heads is 1-4m 2.
Further, the irrigation speed Vt is related to the relation parameter K, the set influence parameter M and the base flow rate Vs.
Referring to fig. 1, a control system of an irrigation and fertilization method includes a controller, an irrigation system, and an irrigation liquid preparation system;
the irrigation liquid preparation system comprises an irrigation water tower, an acid-base regulator metering device, a nitrogen fertilizer metering device, a potassium fertilizer metering device and a phosphate fertilizer metering device; a liquid level meter and a stirring device are arranged in the irrigation water tower;
the controller is respectively in signal connection with the acid-base regulator metering device, the nitrogen fertilizer metering device, the potassium fertilizer metering device, the phosphate fertilizer metering device, the liquid level meter and the stirring device;
the irrigation system comprises a water pump arranged in an irrigation water tower, the water outlet end of the water pump is connected with a water pipe, the water outlet end of the water pipe is connected with a plurality of branch pipes, and the end parts of the branch pipes are connected with a shower head; the water pipe is also provided with an electric flow valve;
the controller is also connected with the water pump and the electric flow valve.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring the thickness of a surface soil layer of a planting ground and calculating to obtain the volume V of surface soil layer cultivated soil;
step 2, sampling, measuring and calculating to obtain the pH value, the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the surface soil layer;
step 3, determining irrigation water quantity according to the water content obtained by measurement; calculating and obtaining the pH value and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the irrigation water according to the irrigation water quantity, the pH value and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content;
step 4, calculating according to the irrigation water quantity, the pH value of the irrigation water and the contents of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus to obtain the quantitative amount of the pH regulator and the amounts of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer which are required to be added into the irrigation water;
step 5, introducing the quantitative irrigation water obtained by calculation into an irrigation water tower, adding an acid-base regulator, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain an irrigation solution;
step 6, dividing the surface soil layer into a plurality of soil layers according to depth; sampling and measuring the water content of soil of each soil layer, drawing a water content and soil layer depth discrete point diagram in a two-dimensional coordinate system, and performing linear fitting to obtain a linear regression equation to obtain a relation parameter K;
and 7, controlling and adjusting the irrigation speed Vt of the irrigation liquid according to the relation parameter K, the set influence parameter M and the basic flow velocity Vs.
2. The method for irrigating and fertilizing for agricultural planting according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 sampling uses sampling tube whose length is greater than the thickness of the surface soil layer; directly crushing and uniformly mixing the soil sample sampled by the sampling tube to measure the water content and the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content; adding water with the weight of 10-30 times into the ground and uniformly mixed soil sample, uniformly stirring to obtain slurry, filtering and standing the obtained slurry to obtain filtrate, measuring the pH value of the obtained filtrate by using a pH meter, and calculating to obtain the pH value of the original soil sample, namely the pH value of the soil in the planting surface soil layer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of samples taken in step 2 is at least 3.
4. The method for irrigating and fertilizing for agricultural planting of claim 1, wherein the pH adjusting agent includes aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur powder, gypsum and quicklime.
5. The method for irrigation and fertigation in agricultural planting according to claim 1, wherein the topsoil layer is divided into 5-9 steps from top to bottom according to depth.
6. An agricultural irrigation and fertigation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 of determining the moisture content of each step of soil comprises sampling with a sampling tube having a length greater than the thickness of the surface soil layer; the water content of the soil in each layer was measured.
7. An agricultural irrigation and fertigation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 comprises sampling at least 10 samples per soil layer.
8. The method for irrigating and fertilizing for agricultural planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation liquid is irrigated by sprinkling with sprinkler heads, the coverage area of each sprinkler head is 1-4m2。
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said irrigation speed Vt is related to a relation parameter K, a set influence parameter M and a base flow rate Vs by Vt-K-M-Vs.
10. The method for irrigating and fertilizing for agricultural planting according to claim 1, wherein the control system based on the method for irrigating and fertilizing comprises a controller, an irrigation system, an irrigation liquid preparation system;
the irrigation liquid preparation system comprises an irrigation water tower, an acid-base regulator metering device, a nitrogen fertilizer metering device, a potassium fertilizer metering device and a phosphate fertilizer metering device; a liquid level meter and a stirring device are arranged in the irrigation water tower;
the controller is respectively in signal connection with the acid-base regulator metering device, the nitrogen fertilizer metering device, the potassium fertilizer metering device, the phosphate fertilizer metering device, the liquid level meter and the stirring device;
the irrigation system comprises a water pump arranged in an irrigation water tower, the water outlet end of the water pump is connected with a water pipe, the water outlet end of the water pipe is connected with a plurality of branch pipes, and the end parts of the branch pipes are connected with a shower head; the water pipe is also provided with an electric flow valve;
the controller is also connected with the water pump and the electric flow valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911141510.XA CN110933982A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911141510.XA CN110933982A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting |
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| CN110933982A true CN110933982A (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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| CN201911141510.XA Withdrawn CN110933982A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Irrigation and fertilization method for agricultural planting |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111631000A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-08 | 安徽省益丰生态农业科技有限公司 | Variable water and fertilizer integrated device and control method thereof |
| CN112042353A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-08 | 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 | Water and fertilizer accurate decision method and system suitable for sunlight greenhouse |
-
2019
- 2019-11-20 CN CN201911141510.XA patent/CN110933982A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111631000A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-08 | 安徽省益丰生态农业科技有限公司 | Variable water and fertilizer integrated device and control method thereof |
| CN112042353A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-08 | 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 | Water and fertilizer accurate decision method and system suitable for sunlight greenhouse |
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