CN110932473A - Power supply device for train wheel system monitoring system - Google Patents
Power supply device for train wheel system monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110932473A CN110932473A CN201910459656.2A CN201910459656A CN110932473A CN 110932473 A CN110932473 A CN 110932473A CN 201910459656 A CN201910459656 A CN 201910459656A CN 110932473 A CN110932473 A CN 110932473A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
- H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D49/00—Other details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a power supply device for a train wheel system monitoring system, and belongs to the technical field of new energy. The frame is provided with a wheel shaft and a shell, the end parts of the wheel shaft are provided with a rotating disk, and the rims of the large disk and the small disk of the rotating disk are respectively provided with a first main magnet and a second main magnet which are equal in number; two ends of a pin shaft sleeved with a bracket and an exciter are fixed on the shell, the longitudinal wall of the bracket is provided with a mounting surface and upper and lower transverse walls, and the upper transverse wall is provided with a first auxiliary magnet; the exciter is provided with a group of cams, a boss and guide holes, and the boss is provided with a secondary magnet II; inner and outer buffer springs are respectively pressed between the upper transverse wall and the exciter as well as between the upper transverse wall and the shell, and inner and outer support springs are respectively pressed between the lower transverse wall and the exciter as well as between the lower transverse wall and the shell; one end of the piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the bracket, the other end of the piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a top block, the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate with equal thickness and a piezoelectric sheet, and the top block abuts against the cam surface; the first main magnet and the first auxiliary magnet form a first magnetic pair, the second main magnet and the second auxiliary magnet form a second magnetic pair, and the two magnetic pairs synchronously generate magnetic force which enables the movement directions of the bracket and the exciter to be opposite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a power supply device for a train wheel system monitoring system.
Background
Rail transit systems such as railway trains and subways bear national economic fates, and rail vehicle wheel sets are the key to ensure the safe operation of rail vehicles. In the past, the health conditions of key operation components such as a rail vehicle wheel set and the like are ensured by regular maintenance and overhaul; with the continuous improvement of the vehicle running speed and the improvement of the safety consciousness of people, the real-time online monitoring technology research of wheel sets during the vehicle running period is widely concerned by domestic and foreign scholars, and the required monitoring factors comprise various aspects such as the temperature, the rotating speed, the dynamic rigidity, the abrasion and the vibration of a shaft and a bearing. The method is limited to the energy supply problem of a sensing monitoring system, and currently, a non-real-time and indirect measuring method is still generally adopted in practice, namely, the sensing monitoring system is placed on a roadbed and does not move along with a vehicle body or rotate along with a wheel axle. In order to solve the power supply problem of a wheel set real-time monitoring system and realize real online monitoring, scholars at home and abroad propose a microminiature piezoelectric power generation device which can be integrated with the monitoring system. The common characteristics of the existing various piezoelectric power generation devices are that the piezoelectric chips generate power by axial excitation and bear alternating tensile and compressive stress during working, so the piezoelectric power generation devices are not suitable for occasions with limited axial space and can be broken and damaged when the tensile stress is overlarge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power supply device for a train wheel system monitoring system, which adopts the following implementation scheme: the frame is provided with a wheel shaft through a bearing, a shell is arranged through a screw, the end part of the wheel shaft is provided with a step-shaped rotary disc through a screw, a shaft hole of the rotary disc is sleeved at the end part of the wheel shaft and is fixed through the screw, the rims of a large disc and a small disc of the rotary disc are respectively provided with a first main magnet and a second main magnet which are equal in number through screws, the first main magnet and the second main magnet are of fan-shaped structures, the first main magnet and the second main magnet are uniformly distributed on the circumference and are mutually overlapped in a geometric central line of the circumferential direction, the included angle of the circumferential direction between two adjacent first main magnets is smaller than the included angle between two sides of the first main magnet, and the included angle of the circumferential direction between two adjacent main magnets is smaller than the included angle between two.
Two ends of a pin shaft are respectively fixed on the upper wall and the lower wall of the shell, and a bracket and an exciter are sleeved on the pin shaft; the vertical wall of the bracket is provided with an inclined mounting surface and upper and lower transverse walls, an acute angle between the mounting surface and the vertical wall is larger than 30 degrees, the upper and lower transverse walls are provided with pin holes, and the upper transverse wall is provided with a first auxiliary magnet through a screw; the exciter is provided with a group of cams, a boss and guide holes, and the boss is provided with a secondary magnet II through a screw; the cam is a moving cam, the cam surface consists of a bottom surface, an inclined surface and a top surface which are sequentially connected, the distance between the bottom surface and the top surface is a cam lift, an acute angle formed between the bottom surface and the inclined surface is a cam lead angle, and the cam lead angle is 30-50 degrees; the pin shaft is sleeved with the pin hole of the bracket and the guide hole of the exciter, the inner and outer buffer springs are respectively pressed between the upper transverse wall of the bracket and the upper walls of the exciter and the shell, the inner and outer support springs are respectively pressed between the lower transverse wall of the bracket and the lower walls of the exciter and the shell, and the pin shaft is sleeved with the inner and outer buffer springs and the inner and outer support springs.
One end of the piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the mounting surface of the bracket through a screw and a pressing strip, the other end of the piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a top block through a screw, the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate with equal thickness and a piezoelectric sheet, the substrate is arranged close to the exciter, and the top block abuts against the cam surface; when the piezoelectric vibrator does not work, the top block is in contact with the middle point of the inclined plane of the cam, the pre-bending deformation generated by the installation of the piezoelectric vibrator is half of the allowable value of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the allowable deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is greater than the lift of the cam; the piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight or pre-bent structure in a natural state before being installed; when the pre-bending structure is adopted before installation, the pre-bending radius of the substrate is smaller than that of the piezoelectric sheet, and the pre-bending radius of the piezoelectric vibrator, namely the pre-bending radius of the bonding surface of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet is
When the piezoelectric vibrator is in a straight structure before installation and two layers of fixed ends are clamped, the allowable deformation amount is
In the above formula, l and h are the cantilever length and total thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator, respectively, and β ═ Em/Ep，EmAnd EpThe modulus of elasticity, T, of the substrate and piezoelectric sheet material, respectivelypAnd k31Respectively, the allowable stress and the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric sheet material.
The first main magnet and the first auxiliary magnet are arranged in a radial direction opposite to each other to form a first magnetic pair, the second main magnet and the second auxiliary magnet are arranged in a radial direction opposite to each other to form a second magnetic pair, and the acting forces between the magnets in the two magnetic pairs are repulsive forces or attractive forces. The two magnetic force pairs synchronously generate magnetic force and enable the movement directions of the bracket and the exciter to be opposite, such as: the first main magnet enables the first auxiliary magnet to move upwards, and the second main magnet enables the second auxiliary magnet to move downwards.
The piezoelectric vibrator has the advantages that the distance between a main magnet and an auxiliary magnet in the same magnetic pair and the interaction force are changed alternately along with the rotation of a turntable, so that the relative position between a support and an exciter is forced to change, the piezoelectric vibrator generates reciprocating bending deformation and converts mechanical energy into electric energy, the piezoelectric vibrator deformation gradually increases when a ① top block leaves a balance position and rises along the inclined plane of a cam, the piezoelectric vibrator deformation is maximum when the top block is in contact with the top surface f3 of the cam and does not increase along with the continuous movement of the top block, the piezoelectric vibrator deformation gradually decreases when the ② top block leaves the balance position and descends along the inclined plane of the cam, the piezoelectric vibrator deformation is minimum when the top block is in contact with the bottom surface of the cam and does not decrease along with the continuous movement of the top block, the top block is in contact with the top surface of the cam when an inner supporting spring is pressed, the top block is in contact with the bottom surface of the cam when the inner buffering spring is pressed, the top block is easy to synchronously excite multiple groups of piezoelectric vibrators, the power generation capacity is high, the maximum deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is smaller than that the cam, the piezoelectric vibrator is only beneficial to high-frequency band-width synchronous vibration-frequency response device, and the high-frequency band-frequency response device is increased.
The piezoelectric vibrator power supply system has the advantages and characteristics that the ① power supply device is a two-degree-of-freedom system, the exciter synchronously excites a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators, the vibration response characteristic of the power supply device is easy to adjust through related spring stiffness and system quality, so the power generation capacity is strong, the effective frequency band is wide, ② piezoelectric vibrators are subjected to one-way bending deformation, the deformation amount is controllable, the maximum deformation is smaller than the lift range of the cam, so the power generation capacity is strong, the reliability is high, and the deformation amount and the effective frequency band are further improved by the ③ two magnetic force pairs working synchronously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exciter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a turntable according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the stand according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The vehicle frame X is provided with an axle Y through a bearing, a shell a through a screw, the end part of the axle Y is provided with a step-shaped turntable h through a screw, an axle hole h3 of the turntable h is sleeved at the end part of the axle Y and fixed through a screw, the rims of a large disk h1 and a small disk h2 of the turntable h are respectively provided with a primary magnet n1 and a secondary magnet n2 which are equal in number through screws, the primary magnet n1 and the secondary magnet n2 are of fan-shaped structures, the primary magnet n1 and the secondary magnet n2 are uniformly distributed on the circumference and mutually overlapped in the geometric center line of the circumference direction, the included angle h5 of the circumference direction between two adjacent primary magnets n1 is smaller than the included angle h4 of two side edges of the primary magnet n1, and the included angle h5 of the circumference direction between two adjacent primary magnets n2 is smaller than the h4 of two side edges of the secondary magnet n 2.
Two ends of a pin shaft b are respectively fixed on the upper wall and the lower wall of the shell a, and a bracket c and an exciter f are sleeved on the pin shaft b; an inclined mounting surface c4 is arranged on one side of a vertical wall c1 of the bracket c, an upper transverse wall c2 and a lower transverse wall c3 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical wall c1, an acute angle between the mounting surface c4 and the vertical wall c1 is larger than 30 degrees, pin holes c5 are formed in the upper transverse wall c2 and the lower transverse wall c3, and a first auxiliary magnet m1 is mounted on the upper transverse wall c2 through screws; a group of cams f0 are arranged on the left side of the exciter f, a boss f4 is arranged below the right side of the exciter f, a guide hole f5 is arranged in the middle of the exciter f, and a secondary magnet m2 is arranged on the boss f4 through a screw; the cam f0 is a moving cam, the cam surface of the cam f0 is composed of a bottom surface f1, an inclined surface f2 and a top surface f3 which are sequentially connected, the distance between the bottom surface f1 and the top surface f3 is a cam lift, an acute angle formed between the bottom surface f1 and the inclined surface f2 is a cam lead angle, and the cam lead angle is 30-50 degrees; pin shaft b is sleeved with pin hole c5 of bracket c and guide hole f5 of exciter f, outer buffer spring k2 and inner buffer spring k4 are respectively pressed between upper transverse wall c2 of bracket c and upper wall of casing a and exciter f, outer support spring k1 and inner support spring k3 are respectively pressed between lower transverse wall c3 of bracket c and lower wall of casing a and exciter f, and outer buffer spring k2, inner buffer spring k4, outer support spring k1 and inner support spring k3 are all sleeved on pin shaft b.
The piezoelectric vibrator d is arranged on the mounting surface c4 of the bracket c through a screw and a pressing strip e, the piezoelectric vibrator d is of a cantilever beam structure formed by bonding a substrate d1 and a piezoelectric sheet d2 which are of equal thickness, the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator d is provided with a top block d3 through a screw, the substrate d1 is arranged close to the exciter f, and the top block d3 abuts against a cam surface; when the piezoelectric vibrator d is not in work, the top block d3 is in contact with the middle point of the inclined surface f2 of the cam f0, the pre-bending deformation generated by the installation of the piezoelectric vibrator d is half of the allowable value of the piezoelectric vibrator d, and the allowable deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator d is larger than the lift of the cam; the piezoelectric vibrator d is of a straight or pre-bent structure in a natural state before being installed; when the substrate d1 is pre-bent before mounting, the pre-bending radius of the substrate d1 is smaller than that of the piezoelectric sheet d2, and the pre-bending radius of the piezoelectric vibrator d, that is, the pre-bending radius of the bonding surface of the substrate d1 and the piezoelectric sheet d2 is
Piezoelectric vibrator d ampereBefore installation, the fixing end is in a straight structure, and when two layers of the fixing end are clamped, the allowable deformation is
In the above formula, l and h are the cantilever length and total thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator d, respectively, and β ═ Em/Ep，EmAnd EpThe elastic moduli, T, of the materials of the substrate d1 and the piezoelectric sheet d2pAnd k31The allowable stress and electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric sheet d2 material, respectively.
The first main magnet n1 and the first auxiliary magnet m1 are installed in a radial direction opposite to each other to form a first magnetic pair, the second main magnet n2 and the second auxiliary magnet m2 are installed in a radial direction opposite to each other to form a second magnetic pair, the acting forces between the magnets in the two magnetic pairs are repulsive forces or attractive forces, the two magnetic pairs synchronously generate magnetic forces, and the first magnetic pair and the second magnetic pair enable the movement directions of the bracket c and the exciter f to be opposite, for example: the primary magnet n1 makes the secondary magnet m1 move upward while the primary magnet n2 makes the secondary magnet m2 move downward.
The method comprises the steps that when a turntable h rotates, the distance and the mutual acting force between a main magnet and a secondary magnet in the same magnetic pair are changed alternately, so that the relative position between a support c and an exciter f is forced to change, the piezoelectric vibrator d generates reciprocating bending deformation and converts mechanical energy into electric energy, the deformation amount of the piezoelectric vibrator d is increased gradually when a top block d3 leaves a balance position and rises along an inclined plane f2 of a cam f0, the deformation amount of the piezoelectric vibrator d is maximum when the top block d3 contacts with a top surface f3 of a cam f0 and is not increased along with the continuous movement of the top block d3, when a ② top block d3 leaves the balance position and descends along an inclined plane f2 of the cam f0, the deformation amount of the piezoelectric vibrator d is reduced gradually, when the top block d3 contacts with the bottom surface f1 of the cam f0, the deformation amount of the piezoelectric vibrator d is minimum and is not reduced along with the continuous movement of the top block d3, when an internal compression spring k 9 is pressed by the cam f1, the internal compression spring k is adjusted by two sets of the magnetic springs, the piezoelectric vibrator d is beneficial to maintain the synchronous pressure-induced by the two sets of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the synchronous compression spring, the piezoelectric vibrator, and the stability of the piezoelectric vibrator d is improved when the piezoelectric vibrator is maintained by the synchronous compression spring, and the synchronous compression of the lift of the cam f 8653, and the piezoelectric vibrator, and the synchronous vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator device, the piezoelectric vibrator d, and the synchronous vibration frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator is increased by the lift of the lift.
Claims (1)
1. A power supply unit for train wheel monitoring system, characterized in that: the frame is provided with a wheel shaft and a shell, the end part of the wheel shaft is provided with a step-shaped turntable, the rims of a large disk and a small disk of the turntable are respectively provided with a first main magnet and a second main magnet which are equal in number, the first main magnet and the second main magnet are uniformly distributed and arranged on the circumference, the geometric central lines of the first main magnet and the second main magnet in the circumferential direction are overlapped, and the included angle of the first main magnet and the second main magnet in the circumferential direction is smaller than the included angle of two side edges of the first; two ends of a pin shaft are respectively fixed on the upper wall and the lower wall of the shell, and a bracket and an exciter are sleeved on the pin shaft; the vertical wall of the bracket is provided with an inclined mounting surface and an upper transverse wall and a lower transverse wall with pin holes, and the upper transverse wall is provided with a first auxiliary magnet; the exciter is provided with a group of cams, a boss and guide holes, and the boss is provided with a secondary magnet II; the cam is a moving cam, and the cam surface consists of a bottom surface, an inclined surface and a top surface which are sequentially connected; the pin hole of the bracket and the guide hole of the exciter are sleeved on the pin shaft, an inner buffer spring and an outer buffer spring are respectively pressed between the upper transverse wall and the upper wall of the exciter and the upper wall of the shell, and an inner support spring and an outer support spring are respectively pressed between the lower transverse wall and the lower wall of the exciter and the lower wall of the shell; one end of the piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the mounting surface of the bracket, the other end of the piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a top block, the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate with equal thickness and a piezoelectric sheet, the substrate is arranged close to the exciter, the top block abuts against the cam surface, the pre-bending deformation generated by the installation of the piezoelectric vibrator is half of the allowable value of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the allowable deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is greater than the cam lift; the first main magnet and the first auxiliary magnet form a first magnetic pair, the second main magnet and the second auxiliary magnet form a second magnetic pair, and the two magnetic pairs synchronously generate magnetic force and enable the motion directions of the bracket and the exciter to be opposite; the top block keeps contact with the top surface of the cam when the inner supporting spring is pressed, and the top block keeps contact with the bottom surface of the cam when the inner buffering spring is pressed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910459656.2A CN110932473B (en) | 2019-05-18 | 2019-05-18 | Power supply device for train wheel system monitoring system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910459656.2A CN110932473B (en) | 2019-05-18 | 2019-05-18 | Power supply device for train wheel system monitoring system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110932473A true CN110932473A (en) | 2020-03-27 |
| CN110932473B CN110932473B (en) | 2021-07-20 |
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| CN201910459656.2A Active CN110932473B (en) | 2019-05-18 | 2019-05-18 | Power supply device for train wheel system monitoring system |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011120360A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-16 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Generation set |
| CN205847128U (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-28 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of radially tension and compression excitation rotary piezoelectric generator |
| CN107370416A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-21 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of self-powered train rotor string monitoring device |
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2019
- 2019-05-18 CN CN201910459656.2A patent/CN110932473B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011120360A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-16 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Generation set |
| CN205847128U (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-28 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of radially tension and compression excitation rotary piezoelectric generator |
| CN107370416A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-21 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of self-powered train rotor string monitoring device |
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| CN110932473B (en) | 2021-07-20 |
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