CN110925003A - Extensible anchor rod with multistage stress and displacement control and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device - Google Patents
Extensible anchor rod with multistage stress and displacement control and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110925003A CN110925003A CN201911258915.1A CN201911258915A CN110925003A CN 110925003 A CN110925003 A CN 110925003A CN 201911258915 A CN201911258915 A CN 201911258915A CN 110925003 A CN110925003 A CN 110925003A
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0046—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinally
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multistage stress and displacement control extensible anchor rod and a multifunctional intelligent monitoring device, which can effectively overcome the defects that a rigid anchor rod in the prior art cannot adapt to the displacement and stress control of a rock-soil body in a large range, and a self-telescopic large-deformation anchor rod in the background art cannot control an edge slope in a grading manner, mainly adopts elastic control, and has insufficient adaptability to the subsequent stress increase or deformation control change of the actual rock-soil body. The anchor rod has the recoverable effect. And the temperature of the side slope, the underground water pressure or the humidity can be monitored. And the early warning effect on the disaster can be achieved through the monitoring of the acoustic emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anchor rod, in particular to an extensible anchor rod with multistage stress and displacement control and a multifunctional intelligent monitoring device.
Background
The anchor rod is widely applied to geotechnical engineering, and the anchor rod reinforcement is commonly used in projects such as side slopes, foundation pits, tunnels, roadways, urban underground spaces and the like, and is also commonly used in underground deep mines and energy mining. The anchor rod can actively reinforce the rock-soil body, can give full play to the self stability of the rock-soil body, effectively control the deformation of the rock-soil body, furthest keep the integrity of the surrounding rock and prevent the overall collapse and damage of the rock-soil body. Meanwhile, the anchor rod has the important characteristics of less damage to the original rock-soil body, small disturbance, easy construction, economy, safety and environmental protection.
Under the high stress condition of surrounding rocks, particularly in soft rock areas, the large deformation characteristic is often shown under the action of external loading and unloading load, vibration impact and the like. Most of the anchor rods in the prior art directly anchor one end of each anchor rod at the bottom of each anchor hole, and the other end of each anchor rod is anchored on the outer side face of each side slope. The anchor rod has smaller ultimate stretching length, and when the surrounding rock is greatly deformed, the common anchor rod cannot meet the requirements of engineering safety to adapt to the larger deformation of the surrounding rock, so that the phenomena of anchor head failure, anchor rod breakage and the like are frequently caused, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod is lost, and further engineering accidents are caused.
The utility model discloses a from flexible big deformation stock, patent number is 201621376559.5, and the flexible volume of stock of this patent is L, and its deflection is mainly undertaken by spring and stock two parts, and this kind of structure still waits to update perfect (still has the defect), and this utility model mainly has following not enoughly: firstly, if the load bearing or load increase occurs in the actual engineering, and the allowable deformation amount is smaller, it becomes difficult to continue to increase the load bearing capacity of the anchor rod under such working conditions, for example, it is extremely difficult to replace or increase the strength of the spring 4, just as in paragraph 0014, the anchor rod and the piston are in an integral structure. Secondly, if in actual engineering, because the bearing or load increase, and the deformation that has allowed is great, because the bearing capacity maximum value of stock is certain under this kind of operating mode, when the deformation that allows is greater than the stock maximum deformation of original design, if again increase spring 4 maximum elongation is equally difficult, just as in 0014 section the stock and piston are integrative structure.
The existing anchor rod is generally abandoned in the anchor hole after the use is finished, and the existing anchor rod cannot be recycled, so that the waste is caused to the use of the anchor rod.
Among a plurality of natural disasters, landslides belong to huge geological disasters, and the national property and the life safety of people are seriously endangered. Among various influence factors of slope deformation and damage, the activity of underground water is often an important influence factor inducing a large amount of landslides and is also a relatively complex and frequently-changed influence factor, the property of a slope rock-soil body is changed by the underground water through the physical, chemical and mechanical actions between the underground water and the rock-soil body, the strength of the slope body is reduced, the stress balance state of the slope is changed, and the like, so that the stability of the slope is influenced, therefore, the influence of different groundwater conditions is considered to be important correctly and reasonably in the slope stability analysis, and the cooperation monitoring of the underground water pressure in an anchor hole is important after the anchor hole is driven into an underground water layer.
To the influence of temperature to soil body intensity parameter, chenwei has carried out the shear strength test under the freeze-thaw cycle for research influence on the main influence factor of saline soil shear strength in permafrost region, has selected the soil sample that contains sodium sulfate and calcium chloride salt respectively to have carried out relevant indoor test, and research shows that main influence factor has three: first, the number of freeze-thaw cycles; secondly, water migration; thirdly, ice crystal precipitation. Chenweitao and the like research the influence law on the main strength parameters of the saline soil under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle through indoor tests, summarize and analyze the influence and the action mechanism of the freeze-thaw cycle on the cohesive force of the saline soil from a plurality of aspects, and experiments show that: with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the cohesive force of the saline soil is reduced and finally tends to be stable. These all demonstrate that temperature effect changes are the main cause of the decay of the strength parameters of saline soils. Therefore, monitoring the temperature of the side slope not only helps the disaster early warning of the side slope, but also has great significance for the research of the side slope.
The situation that the stability of the slope body is reduced due to the falling damage of the slope under the external influence factor is quite common. In engineering practice, many slopes remain stable under a certain rainfall but may break under a subsequent rainfall of lesser intensity, a possible cause of this being the influence of heavy rainfall infiltration and subsequent evaporative drying and stripping (alternate wetting and drying) on the stability of the slopes. Therefore, monitoring of slope humidity is important.
And the existing anchor rod is lack of temperature monitoring on the side slope of the anchoring ground, and has important significance on monitoring of humidity when an anchor hole is not driven into a groundwater layer. When the anchor hole is driven into the underground water layer, the monitoring of the underground water pressure is of great significance. Therefore, the method has great significance for the research and early warning of the side slope on the temperature around the anchor rod and the monitoring of the underground water pressure or the humidity according to the condition.
The material deformation damage is accompanied with the generation and development of cracks and fissures, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that a local source in the material quickly releases energy to generate instant elastic waves is called acoustic emission; when the rock slope collapses and breaks, the acoustic emission phenomenon is particularly obvious because cracks in the collapsed rock body are initiated, expanded and broken, and the deformation and damage conditions of the materials can be known and mastered by researching and monitoring the acoustic emission phenomenon of the materials, so that adverse consequences can be avoided or prevented. Therefore, it is imperative to add acoustic emission devices around the anchors to warn of disasters and to study slopes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multistage stress and displacement control extensible anchor rod and a multifunctional intelligent monitoring device, which can effectively overcome the defect that a rigid anchor rod in the prior art cannot adapt to the displacement and stress control of a rock-soil body in a large range, and a self-telescopic large-deformation anchor rod in the background art cannot control a slope in a grading manner, mainly adopts elastic control, and has insufficient adaptability to the subsequent stress increase or deformation control change of the actual rock-soil body. The anchor rod has the recoverable effect. And the temperature of the side slope, the underground water pressure or the humidity can be monitored. And the early warning effect on the disaster can be achieved through the monitoring of the acoustic emission.
The technical scheme includes that the device comprises a sleeve, the sleeve comprises a plurality of sections of pipe bodies arranged at intervals, the lower end of the pipe body at the lowest end is connected with a base, a tray is fixed at the upper end of the pipe body at the highest end, a stress elastic body and a specific yield stress tensile body are connected between the circumferential end faces of every two adjacent pipe bodies, the bottom end of the base is connected with a connecting column, the bottom end of the connecting column is detachably connected with an anchoring section, a through hole is formed in the center of the tray, a screw rod which is arranged in the sleeve and coaxial with the sleeve is fixed on the base, the other end of the screw rod penetrates out through the through hole, a nut is screwed on the part of the screw rod which penetrates out, a temperature sensor is installed in the sleeve, an underground water pressure sensor or a humidity sensor is installed on the base in the sleeve, an electric cabinet is installed on, the displacement sensor is installed on the tray and used for detecting displacement of the tray, the displacement sensor is connected with the electric cabinet, the pipe body is composed of an upper barrel body and a lower barrel body, a plurality of uniformly distributed strain tension sensors connected in the electric cabinet are connected between the upper barrel body and the lower barrel body, an anchoring section at the bottom of the sleeve is anchored in an anchoring hole of a side slope, a plurality of acoustic emission sensors used for monitoring an emission signal source are uniformly distributed on the side slope around the sleeve, and the acoustic emission sensors are connected in the electric cabinet.
Preferably, the number of the stressed elastic bodies and the specific yield stress stretching-resistant body are both multiple.
Preferably, the number of the stressed elastic bodies is the same as that of the specific yielding tensile bodies, the specific yielding tensile bodies are uniformly arranged between the two pipe bodies at intervals, and the stressed elastic bodies are sleeved on the specific yielding tensile bodies.
Preferably, the stressed elastomer is sleeved with a sleeve at intervals.
Preferably, a first telescopic cylinder is sleeved outside the stress elastic body at intervals, and two ends of the first telescopic cylinder are connected between two adjacent pipe bodies.
Preferably, the pipe joint further comprises a second telescopic cylinder, the second telescopic cylinder is connected between two adjacent pipe bodies, and the stressed elastic body and the specific yielding stress tensile body are both arranged in the second telescopic cylinder.
Preferably, a through hole is formed in the center of the tray, a screw rod which is arranged in the sleeve and coaxial with the sleeve is fixed on the base, the other end of the screw rod penetrates out of the through hole, and a nut is screwed on the penetrating part of the screw rod.
Preferably, a compression backing plate is sleeved on the screw rod between the nut and the tray.
Preferably, a centering support is fixed in the pipe body, a central hole coaxial with the sleeve is formed in the center of the centering support, and the screw penetrates through the central hole of the centering support.
Preferably, the stressed elastic body is a spring, and the specific yielding tensile body is a steel strand.
Preferably, the bottom end of the connecting column is provided with an annular groove, the top of the anchoring section protrudes upwards to form an annular protrusion matched with the annular groove, and the annular protrusion is detachably connected with the annular groove.
Preferably, the top end of the anchoring section in the annular bulge is provided with a compression spring groove, the center position of the bottom end of the connecting column is downwards protruded with a compression spring seat corresponding to the compression spring groove, and a compression spring is arranged on the compression spring seat.
Preferably, the inner circular surface of the annular protrusion is provided with an internal thread, the inner circular surface of the annular groove is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread, and the annular protrusion and the annular groove are in threaded fit to form detachable connection.
Preferably, the left side and the right side of the bottom end of the connecting column are respectively provided with a sliding groove communicated with the annular groove, the upper end of the sliding groove is connected with an arc-shaped groove, the left side and the right side of the top end of the annular bulge are respectively fixed with a sliding block matched with the sliding groove, and the sliding block slides into the arc-shaped groove through the sliding groove to form a detachable structure.
The invention can allow the rock-soil mass to be reinforced to have a certain deformation amount, can set a certain limit value for the displacement of the rock-soil mass to be reinforced, changes the stress state of the rock-soil mass through the anchoring effect so as to realize the displacement control of the rock-soil mass, and allows the rock-soil mass to generate a certain displacement amount value within the engineering safety allowable range when the stress borne by the anchor rod body exceeds a certain designed value. The invention can form a sleeve by a plurality of pipe bodies, carry out first-level two-stage control on a rock-soil body to be reinforced by the stressed elastic bodies and the specific yielding tensile bodies between two adjacent pipe bodies, carry out second-level multi-stage control by the difference of the yield stress of the specific yielding tensile bodies in the multi-section first-level control, and carry out third-level multi-stage control by setting the distance between the nuts and the trays so as to control the maximum displacement of the rock-soil body to be reinforced. The invention provides two specific structures of the recyclable anchor rod, so that the anchor rod can be recycled when in use, the use of materials is effectively saved, and the cost is reduced. The invention can monitor the temperature and the pressure or the humidity of the underground water on the side slope around the anchor rod in real time, thereby fully knowing the states of the temperature of the side slope and the pressure or the humidity of the underground water. The invention can monitor the displacement of the side slope and research the displacement deformation rule of the side slope under the anchoring action by monitoring the change of the internal temperature, humidity or underground water pressure environment state of the side slope. The influence of slope displacement and stress is studied through the environment around the anchor rod.
The monitoring host of the monitoring center can receive the acoustic emission signal of the acoustic emission sensor at the side slope through the wireless signal transceiver, carry out data analysis, and make early warning of rock slope damage of corresponding level by comparing the correlation between the acoustic emission value and the threshold value. The method not only can effectively avoid major geological disasters, but also can effectively promote disaster prevention and reduction and public safety, and can effectively provide technical support for disaster prevention and reduction and public safety. Before a side slope disaster occurs, the phenomena of crack initiation, expansion and fracture inside a rock body can be avoided in advance, and then the sound wave of the cracks can be detected by the sound emission detection device, so that people can predict the occurrence of the disaster in advance and make early warning and some disaster prevention plans.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention (with the sensor portion of the tensile strain sensor removed).
Fig. 2 is a front view of the invention (with the connecting post, anchor segment and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the view of fig. 2 (with the connecting posts, anchor segments and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view in section (with the connecting post, anchor segment and sensor portion removed) of the view of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the invention with the sleeve applied (with the attachment post, anchor segment and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the present invention with the first telescoping cylinder added (with the connecting post, anchoring section and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 8 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the present invention with the first telescoping cylinder added (with the connecting post, anchoring section and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 9 is a perspective sectional view of the inner structure of the first telescopic cylinder in fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the present invention with a second telescoping cylinder added (with the connecting post, anchoring section and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 11 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the present invention with a second telescoping cylinder added (with the connecting post, anchoring section and sensor portion removed).
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a first telescopic cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a second telescopic cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a centering bracket of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a structural view (using a linear displacement sensor) of the present invention installed in an anchor eye.
Fig. 16 is a block diagram of a threaded connection between an anchor segment and a connecting post according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a front view of the connection between the anchor segments and the connecting studs of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the anchor segment and the connecting stud via the annular groove and the slider of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a two-section view of the anchor segment and connecting post connected via an annular groove and a slider of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a connector block of the present invention connected between an anchor segment and a connector post via an annular groove and a slider.
Figure 21 is a perspective view in section of figure 20.
Fig. 22 is a perspective view of an anchor segment connected to a connecting post via an annular groove and a slider according to the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a block diagram of the present invention installed in an anchor eye (using an encoder).
FIG. 24 is a top view of a slop mounted acoustic emission sensor arrangement according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 24.
Embodiment 1, the technical scheme includes that the casing 1 includes a plurality of sections of pipe bodies 2 arranged at intervals, a base 3 is connected to the bottom end of the pipe body 2 at the lowest end, a tray 4 is fixed to the top end of the pipe body 2 at the highest end, a stressed elastic body 5 and a specific yielding stress tensile body 6 are connected between the circumferential end faces of every two adjacent pipe bodies 2, a connecting column 16 is connected to the bottom end of the base 3, an anchoring section 17 is detachably connected to the bottom end of the connecting column 16, a through hole is formed in the center of the tray 4, a screw rod 12 which is arranged in the pipe 1 and coaxial with the pipe 1 is fixed to the base 3, the other end of the screw rod 12 penetrates through the through hole, a nut 13 is screwed on the penetrating part of the screw rod 12, a temperature sensor 26 is installed in the pipe 1, an underground water pressure sensor 27 or a humidity sensor is installed, the acoustic emission monitoring device is characterized in that an electric cabinet 28 is installed on a slope on one side of the casing 1, a temperature sensor 26 and an underground water pressure sensor 27 or a humidity sensor are connected in the electric cabinet 28, a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the tray 4 is installed on the tray 4, the displacement sensor is connected with the electric cabinet 28, the pipe body 2 is composed of an upper cylinder 201 and a lower cylinder 202, a plurality of uniformly distributed strain tension sensors 35 connected in the electric cabinet 28 are connected between the upper cylinder 201 and the lower cylinder 202, an anchoring section 17 at the bottom of the casing 1 is anchored in an anchoring hole 7 of the slope, a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 36 used for monitoring acoustic emission signal sources are uniformly distributed on the slope around the casing 1, the electric cabinet 28 is fixed on the slope on one side of the casing 1, and the acoustic emission sensors 36 are connected in the electric cabinet 28.
The strain force sensors 35 may be two or three or more between the upper cylinder 201 and the lower cylinder 202, and are uniformly arranged between the upper cylinder 201 and the lower cylinder 202 and connected to the annular surfaces of the ends of the upper cylinder 201 and the lower cylinder 202. The strain tension sensor 35 is arranged, so that the monitoring center can monitor tension on each section of the pipe body 2 in real time, and can monitor tension (stress) borne by the whole anchor rod.
A power supply device, which may be a solar power supply device, and a monitoring controller are installed in the electric cabinet 28. The temperature sensor 26 and the underground water pressure sensor 27 or the humidity sensor are respectively connected to the monitoring controller, the monitoring controller is connected with a wireless transmitting device, the monitoring controller further comprises a wireless receiving device matched with the wireless transmitting device, and the wireless receiving device is connected to a monitoring host of the monitoring center. When the underground water layer appears in the anchor hole 7, the monitoring center can monitor the temperature and the underground water pressure of the side slope at the anchoring position in real time, and when the underground water layer does not appear in the anchor hole 7, the underground water pressure sensor 27 is not installed, but a humidity sensor is installed. Through the analysis of temperature and groundwater pressure or humidity, the slope anchoring effect can be analyzed to a certain extent, and the influence degree of groundwater pressure or humidity on the anchored slope can be judged according to the data obtained by the groundwater pressure sensor or the humidity sensor. When a plurality of anchoring positions are distributed on the slope, an electric cabinet can be arranged among the anchoring positions in a certain range to control the temperature sensors and the underground water pressure sensors or the humidity sensors at the anchoring positions.
The temperature sensor 26 and the groundwater pressure sensor 27 or the humidity sensor may be provided in plural numbers, and they are arranged in the casing 1 at intervals along the length direction of the casing groove. Of course the groundwater pressure sensor 27 may also be fixed outside the casing 1 in the anchor eye 7. According to the monitoring of the displacement sensor, the temperature sensor 26 and the underground water pressure sensor 27 or the humidity sensor, the law of influence of changes of geological environment (temperature, underground water or humidity) on slope displacement and stress can be researched.
Can set up four acoustic emission sensors 36 that are the circumference equipartition around the same stock, four acoustic emission sensors 36 around the same stock are connected to the monitoring controller respectively in, the monitoring controller is connected with the wireless transmitting device who arranges in electric cabinet 28, still include with wireless transmitting device complex wireless receiving device, wireless receiving device connects on the detection host computer of surveillance center. It is also possible that the acoustic emission sensors 36 around multiple anchors in one area are all connected within the same electrical cabinet 28. The slope rock mass has the process that micro-fracture takes place, expands and breaks in its inside in the atress destruction process, and the acoustic emission phenomenon can be produced to rock mass inside in this process. The detection host of the monitoring center positions the specific position of the emission signal source based on the three-dimensional time difference of the emission signal source, calculates and compares the correlation between the emission value and the threshold value, and judges the damage degree of the slope rock mass, so that corresponding early warning is made, and the purpose of real-time online safety monitoring and early warning of the slope rock mass is achieved. In this embodiment, more than four acoustic emission sensors may be required to be positioned per acoustic emission signal source, so that a group of more than four acoustic emission sensors form an acoustic emission sensor array for receiving signals from an acoustic emission signal source. The acoustic emission signal transmits to the detection controller in the electric cabinet, then sends to the monitoring host computer of surveillance center through wireless transceiver device, and it can to monitor by the monitoring host computer.
The anchoring section is a stepped shaft with a diameter being thick at the bottom and thin at the top, so that the anchoring is firmer. The arrangement is such that the anchor rods other than the anchor segments can be separated from the anchor segments and then recycled.
When the embodiment is used, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, because there are a plurality of pipe bodies 2, there are also a plurality of intervals between the plurality of pipe bodies 2, a displacement control part is arranged between every two pipe bodies 2, the displacement control part comprises a stressed elastic body 5 and a specific yield tensile body 6, the yield strength of the specific yield tensile body 6 in each layer of the displacement control part is different, and preferably, the yield strength of the specific yield tensile body 6 from bottom to top is gradually increased. The stressed elastic body 5 can be a spring, and the specific yielding stretching-resistant body 6 can be a steel strand. When the anchor is used specifically, slurry is injected between the anchoring section 17 and the anchor hole 7 to anchor the anchoring section 17, and the side surface of the tray 4 is attached to a rock-soil body to be reinforced. When the rock and soil mass to be reinforced has a smaller displacement trend, the specific yielding tension-resistant body 6 generates stress through the tray 4, and when the specific yielding tension-resistant body 6 does not reach the yield strength, the displacement of the whole rock and soil mass to be reinforced under the control of the anchor rod is extremely small; when the stress borne by the anchor rod continues to increase, the specific yielding tension resistant body 6 with the minimum yield strength reaches the yield strength, the specific yielding tension resistant body 6 reaching the yield strength fails, the stressed elastic body 5 matched with the failed specific yielding tension resistant body 6 starts to work, and the displacement deformation of the rock-soil body to be reinforced is controlled through the elastic tension of the stressed elastic body. When the stress continues to increase, the specific yielding tensile body 6 with the second level of yield strength reaches a yielding state, the specific yielding tensile body 6 with the second level of yield strength fails, and the stressed elastic body 5 matched with the specific yielding tensile body controls the displacement deformation amount of the rock-soil body to be reinforced through the tensile force of the stressed elastic body. And when the displacement of the added rock-soil mass continues to increase, the next-level displacement control component continues to work. By means of design, when the total range of the stressed elastic body of the previous level reaches 30%, the specific yielding stress tensile body 6 of the next level reaches the yield strength and fails successively.
In the embodiment 1, two-stage displacement control is performed through the specific yielding stress tensile body 6 and the stress elastic body 5 in each layer of displacement control component, and multi-stage displacement control is performed through the multi-stage displacement control component.
In the embodiment, a screw 12 is fixed on the center of a base 3, through holes are extended from the upper end of the screw 12 at intervals, a nut 13 is screwed on the screw 12, a certain distance is set between the nut 13 and a tray 4 during initial setting, after the multistage displacement control component works, if the maximum deformation allowed by a side slope is reached, the nut 13 contacts the tray 4 at the moment, active control is carried out on a rock-soil body to be reinforced by the rigid screw 12, the screw 12 at the moment is equivalent to a rigid anchor rod in the background technology, and after the screw 12 and the nut 13 are added, one-stage control is added for controlling the deformation and the stress of the rock-soil body to be reinforced. And the displacement of the slope is controlled within a controllable range by controlling the interval between the nut 13 and the tray 4. The screw rod in the invention can be replaced by a steel strand. And the extending end at the upper end of the steel strand is matched with the nut in a threaded manner. The maximum displacement deformation amount allowed by the required reinforced rock-soil body can be adjusted through the nut.
In this embodiment, be equipped with displacement sensor, can be real-time detect out with the displacement of ground body through displacement sensor, then send for the monitoring host computer through monitoring controller and wireless transceiver, carry out real-time monitoring by the displacement of monitoring host computer to ground body. When the displacement of monitoring its ground body reaches the alarm value, the monitoring host computer sends the warning suggestion, and this monitoring host computer can connect the alarm, directly reminds the staff in the monitor chamber, also can send alarm information to the cell-phone of monitoring personnel on through wireless network. After the alarm is given, early warning personnel can carry out a series of emergency treatment means, and personal and property safety of residents around the rock-soil body is guaranteed.
When the upper side of the tray 4 is not provided with the pressed base plate 14, the linear displacement sensor 29 can be arranged between the base 3 and the tray at the moment, specifically, a connecting rod perpendicular to the base can be fixed on the base 3, the linear displacement sensor 29 is arranged between the connecting rod and the tray 4, then a wire passing hole 30 is dug on the tray 4, and the linear displacement sensor 29 is connected to the electric cabinet 28 through the wire passing hole 30. When the screw 12 is provided, a connecting plate 31 perpendicular thereto is screwed on the screw 12, and the linear displacement sensor 16 is connected between the connecting plate 31 and the tray 4. The displacement sensor and the wireless signal transmitting device can be powered by a battery, and the battery can also be a solar storage battery. When the device is used, when the reinforced rock-soil body is displaced, because the tray 4 drives one end of the linear displacement sensor 29 to move relative to the other end, the linear displacement sensor 29 transmits the moving displacement to the monitoring controller, and then the monitoring host is transmitted to the monitoring host through the wireless signal transceiver, and the monitoring host monitors the displacement of the rock-soil body. When the upper side of the tray 4 is provided with the pressure bearing pad 14, the displacement sensor is arranged on the pressure bearing pad 14, and the threading hole 30 penetrates the pressure bearing pad 14 upwards.
The displacement sensor is an encoder 32 fixed on the tray 4, the tray 4 is provided with a wire passing hole 30, the input shaft of the encoder 32 is wound with a pull wire 33, the other end of the pull wire 33 penetrates through the pipe body 2 through the wire passing hole 30 and is fixed on the base 3, when a screw 12 is arranged, a connecting disc 34 can be screwed on the screw 12, and the other end of the pull wire 33 is fixed on the connecting disc 34. When the device is used, when the reinforced rock-soil body displaces, the encoder 32 displaces relative to the base 3, the stay wire 33 pulls the input shaft of the encoder to rotate at the moment, the encoder 33 transmits the detected displacement to the detection controller, and then the detected displacement is transmitted to the monitoring host machine through the wireless transceiver. When the pressure bearing backing plate 14 is available, the encoder 32 is fixed on the pressure bearing backing plate 14, and the wire through hole 30 penetrates upwards through the pressure bearing backing plate 14.
Example 2, on the basis of example 1, the number of the stressed elastic bodies 5 and the specific yield stress tensile body 6 are both multiple. The number of the stress elastic bodies 5 and the specific yield stress tensile bodies 6 can be more than three, and the stress elastic bodies and the specific yield stress tensile bodies are evenly distributed between the two pipe bodies 2 at intervals on the circumference.
Example 3, on the basis of example 2, the number of the stressed elastic bodies 5 is the same as that of the specific yielding tensile bodies 6, the specific yielding tensile bodies 6 are uniformly arranged between the two pipe bodies 2 at intervals, and the stressed elastic bodies 5 are sleeved on the specific yielding tensile bodies 6. The stress elastic body 5 is sleeved on the specific yield stress tensile body 6, so that the space between the pipe bodies 2 is saved, and the design is more regular.
Example 4, on the basis of example 3, the stressed elastomer 5 is sleeved with a sleeve 8 at an interval.
As shown in fig. 6, the upper and lower ends of the sleeve 8 can be welded to the upper and lower pipes 2 by spot welding, and when the stress is large, the upper and lower multiple spot welding is broken first, and then the multi-stage specific yield tensile member 6 reaches the yield strength and fails. This allows the bushing 1 to protect the stressed elastomer 5 and the specific yield tensile member 6 within the bushing 1 during installation.
In embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 3, a first telescopic cylinder 9 is sleeved outside the stressed elastic body 5 at intervals, and two ends of the first telescopic cylinder 9 are connected between two adjacent pipe bodies 2.
In this embodiment, the first telescopic cylinder 9 is sleeved on the stressed elastic body 5, so that the stressed elastic body 5 and the specific yield stress tensile body 6 are protected. And the first telescopic cylinder 9 has the elasticity, and does not influence the work of the stressed elastic body 5 and the specific yielding stress tensile body 6. The first telescopic cylinder 9 is composed of a large telescopic cylinder and a small telescopic cylinder which is arranged in the large telescopic cylinder in a sliding and penetrating mode.
Example 6, on the basis of example 3, as shown in fig. 10, 11 and 13, a second telescopic tube 10 is further included, the second telescopic tube 10 is connected between two adjacent tubes 2, and both the stressed elastomer 5 and the specific yield tensile resistance body 6 are disposed in the second telescopic tube 10. The second telescopic cylinder 10 is composed of a large telescopic cylinder and a small telescopic cylinder which is slidably arranged in the large telescopic cylinder in a penetrating mode, the upper portion of the small telescopic cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the outer circular surface of the corresponding pipe body, the lower end of the large telescopic cylinder is connected with a connecting ring 11 which extends inwards, and the inner circular surface of the connecting ring 11 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circular surface of the corresponding pipe body.
In the embodiment, all the stressed elastic bodies 5 and the specific yielding tension-resistant bodies 6 between two connected pipe bodies 2 are arranged in the same large telescopic cylinder 10, and the telescopic cylinder 10 can protect the stressed elastic bodies 5 and the specific yielding tension-resistant bodies 6 without influencing the work of the stressed elastic bodies 5 and the specific yielding tension-resistant bodies 6.
Embodiment 7 is characterized in that a pressure bearing plate 14 is sleeved on the screw 12 between the nut 13 and the tray 4 on the basis of embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, a pressure pad 14 is added, and the pressure pad 14 is added between the nut 13 and the tray 4, so that the nut 13 is pressed on the pressure pad 14 first and is pressed on the tray 4 through the pressure pad 14, thereby protecting the tray 4.
The bracket 15 is centered so that the bolt is centered in the sleeve 1 and serves to stabilize and support the screw 12 and prevent the screw 12 from shifting. The screw rod and the centering bracket can slide.
Example 9, based on any of examples 1-8, the stressed elastomer 5 is a spring and the specific yield tensile member 6 is a steel strand.
In the embodiment 10, on the basis of the embodiment 1, the bottom end of the connecting column 16 is provided with an annular groove 18, the top of the anchoring section 17 is provided with an annular protrusion 19 which is matched with the annular groove 18 in an upward protruding mode, and the annular protrusion 19 is detachably connected with the annular groove 18. The annular protrusion 19 is disposed in the annular groove 18, and the bottom end of the connecting post 16 and the top end of the anchoring section 17 can be attached to each other after the engagement is completed.
In the embodiment 11, on the basis of the embodiment 10, the top end of the anchoring section 17 in the annular protrusion 19 is provided with a compression spring groove 20, the center position of the bottom end of the connecting column 16 is protruded downwards with a compression spring seat 21 corresponding to the compression spring groove 20, and the compression spring seat 21 is provided with a compression spring 22. A pressure spring 22 is arranged between the anchoring section 17 and the connecting column 16, so that prestress is added between the anchoring section and the connecting column, and the position state matching of the anchoring section and the connecting column is firmer. The top end of the pressure spring 22 is fixed at the bottom end of the connecting column 16, and the pressure spring seat 21 is positioned at the center of the pressure spring 22.
When the anchoring section 17 and the connecting column 16 need to be connected together, the sliding block 25 slides into the top of the sliding groove 23, then the anchoring section 17 is rotated, the sliding block 25 slides into the arc-shaped groove 24, under the pressure of the pressure spring 20, the anchoring section 17 and the connecting column 16 tend to be away from each other, and at the moment, the bottom end of the sliding block 25 contacts the bottom surface of the arc-shaped groove 24, so that the connecting column 16 and the anchoring section 17 cannot be separated from each other, and the two are connected together. Then the invention is put into the anchor hole 7, and grout is injected between the anchor hole 7 and the anchoring section 17, so that the anchoring section 17 is anchored. When the separation is needed, the base 3 is rotated through the screw rod 2, the base 3 drives the connecting column 16 to rotate, the arc-shaped groove 24 on the connecting column 16 rotates relative to the sliding block 25, when the sliding block 25 is rotated to the position of the sliding groove 23, the screw rod 12 is pulled upwards, and the upper part of the anchor rod is taken out to form the separation.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an extensible and multi-functional intelligent monitoring device of multistage stress and displacement control, its characterized in that, the technical scheme of its solution is, including sleeve pipe (1), sleeve pipe (1) includes body (2) that multisection interval was arranged, and body (2) lower extreme is connected with base (3), and body (2) upper end at the top is fixed with tray (4), is connected with atress elastomer (5) and specific yield atress pulling body (6) between the circumference terminal surface of every two adjacent body (2), base (3) bottom is connected with spliced pole (16), spliced pole (16) bottom can be dismantled and be connected with anchor section (17), tray (4) center is equipped with the through-hole, be fixed with on base (3) and arrange in sleeve pipe (1) screw rod (12) with the axle center with sleeve pipe (1), the other end of screw rod (12) is worn out through the through-hole, the threaded rod (12) penetrates out of the part, a nut (13) is screwed on the threaded rod, a temperature sensor (26) is installed in the sleeve (1), an underground water pressure sensor (27) or a humidity sensor is installed on a base (3) in the sleeve (1), an electric cabinet (28) is installed on a slope on one side of the sleeve (1), the temperature sensor (26) and the underground water pressure sensor (27) or the humidity sensor are connected in the electric cabinet (28), a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the tray (4) is installed on the tray (4), the displacement sensor is connected with the electric cabinet (28), the pipe body (2) is composed of an upper cylinder body (201) and a lower cylinder body (202), a plurality of uniformly distributed strain tension sensors 35 connected in the electric cabinet (28) are connected between the upper cylinder body (201) and the lower cylinder body (202), and an anchoring section (17) at the bottom of the sleeve (1) is anchored in an anchoring hole (7) of the slope, a plurality of acoustic emission sensors (36) used for monitoring acoustic emission signal sources are uniformly distributed on the slope around the sleeve (1), an electric cabinet (28) is fixed on the slope on one side of the sleeve (1), and the acoustic emission sensors (36) are connected in the electric cabinet (28).
2. The intelligent monitoring device of multi-stage stress and displacement control elongation and function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the stressed elastic bodies (5) and the specific yield stressed tensile body (6) are multiple.
3. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the number of the stressed elastic bodies (5) is the same as that of specific yield stress pulling bodies (6), the specific yield stress pulling bodies (6) are uniformly arranged between the two pipe bodies (2) at intervals, and the stressed elastic bodies (5) are sleeved on the specific yield stress pulling bodies (6).
4. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein a sleeve (8) is sleeved outside the stressed elastic body (5) at intervals.
5. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein a first telescopic cylinder (9) is sleeved outside the stressed elastic body (5) at intervals, and two ends of the first telescopic cylinder (9) are connected between two adjacent pipe bodies (2).
6. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to claim 3, further comprising a second telescopic cylinder (10), wherein the second telescopic cylinder (10) is connected between two adjacent pipe bodies (2), and the stressed elastic body (5) and the specific yield stressed pulling body (6) are both arranged in the second telescopic cylinder (10).
7. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein a compression cushion plate (14) is sleeved on a screw rod (12) between the nut (13) and the tray (4).
8. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device is characterized in that a centering support (15) is fixed in the pipe body (2), a central hole coaxial with the sleeve (1) is formed in the center of the centering support (15), and the screw (12) penetrates through the central hole of the centering support (15).
9. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the stressed elastic body (5) is a spring, and the specific yield stressed tensile body (6) is a steel strand.
10. The multi-stage stress and displacement control extensible and multifunctional intelligent monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein an annular groove (18) is formed in the bottom end of the connecting column (16), an annular protrusion (19) matched with the annular groove (18) protrudes upwards from the top of the anchoring section (17), and the annular protrusion (19) is detachably connected with the annular groove (18).
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| CN117516778A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-02-06 | 哈尔滨全安测控技术有限公司 | Monitoring and early warning method and system based on ultralow frequency anchor rod tension sensor |
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