CN114000899B - Multifunctional intelligent monitoring anchor rod device - Google Patents
Multifunctional intelligent monitoring anchor rod device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114000899B CN114000899B CN202111154231.4A CN202111154231A CN114000899B CN 114000899 B CN114000899 B CN 114000899B CN 202111154231 A CN202111154231 A CN 202111154231A CN 114000899 B CN114000899 B CN 114000899B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 54
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device, which solves the problem that the existing anchor rod cannot monitor rock deformation at different levels. The invention can play a role in early warning of disasters through monitoring acoustic emission. And the temperature of the side slope, the pressure or the humidity of the underground water can be monitored. The outer side of the anchoring end is provided with a plurality of round tables with large outer sides and small inner sides along the axial direction at intervals, the inner ends of the round tables are coaxially connected with tension bodies, the axial outer ends of the round tables are provided with through holes which penetrate through the tension bodies inwards in the axial direction, the tension bodies at the innermost ends are fixed on the anchoring end, the tension bodies at the outer sides penetrate through the adjacent round tables at the axial inner sides of the round tables and the through holes in the tension bodies and are fixed on the anchoring end, the axial inner parts of the round tables are sleeved with sleeves with the lower ends of the sleeves sleeved on the tension bodies in a sliding mode, and the axial outer ends of the sleeves are provided with a plurality of grooves extending towards the axial inner sides. The monitoring through acoustic emission plays the early warning effect to the disaster. The temperature, the groundwater pressure or the humidity of the side slope is monitored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anchor rod, in particular to a multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device.
Background
The anchor rod is widely applied to slope treatment engineering, and is mainly used for controlling surface engineering such as slopes and deep foundation pits and underground chambers such as tunnels and stopes.
In some surrounding rock grades, such as in soft rock areas, the surrounding rock is often deformed greatly, and under the action of an earthquake, the surrounding rock is often deformed greatly. The large deformation factors, such as load, are generated, and the anchor rods are widely used as surrounding rock supporting structures in the largest number in operation.
In the prior art, one end of the anchor rod is directly anchored at the bottom of the anchor hole, and then the tray is pressed on the outer side surface of the side slope through the nuts screwed on the anchor rod. The two stress points of the anchor rod structure are an anchoring end, the outer side face of the side slope and the nut tray, the external stress points are exposed to the outside, and the anchor rod structure is exposed to the wind and the sun in the field environment, so that on one hand, the nuts and the tray rust for long-term use, the mechanical property of the anchor rod structure is damaged, and in addition, the outer side face of the side slope is easy to crack after long-term stress, so that the anchor rod cannot achieve the required control of deformation of the side slope, and even fails. In addition, because the anchor hole is deeper, deformation between the anchoring end and the side slope lateral surface can occur at different depths, the traditional anchor rod is stressed by an external nut and a tray no matter how deep the deformation is, the adhesive force between the traditional anchor rod and surrounding rock is sometimes insufficient, the adhesive force can not be better protected, and the anchoring failure is also easy to cause after long-term use.
And when the deformation of the rock mass is monitored, the whole deformation of the rock mass can only be monitored, and the deformation of the rock mass of which layer can not be monitored, so that the method is unfavorable for the later study and the emergency treatment of landslide early warning.
The phenomenon that the deformation and damage of the material are accompanied with the generation and development of crack and fissure, and instantaneous elastic wave is generated by the rapid release of energy of a local source in the material is called acoustic emission; when the rock slope collapses and breaks, the acoustic emission phenomenon is particularly obvious due to the crack initiation, expansion and fracture in the collapsed rock body, and the acoustic emission phenomenon of the materials can be studied and monitored to know and master the deformation and breaking conditions of the materials, so that adverse effects are avoided or prevented. Therefore, an acoustic emission device is added around the anchor rod to early warn of disasters and the research of the side slope is urgently needed to be set.
Aiming at the influence of temperature on soil body strength parameters, chentao is subjected to a shear strength test under freeze thawing cycle in order to study main influence factors affecting the shear strength of saline soil in permafrost regions, and soil samples containing sodium sulfate and calcium chloride salt are respectively selected for relevant indoor tests, wherein the study shows that the main influence factors are three: firstly, the times of freeze thawing cycle; secondly, moisture migration; and thirdly, ice crystal precipitation. Chentao and the like research the influence rule of the freeze thawing cycle on the main strength parameter of the saline soil through an indoor test, summarize and analyze the influence of the freeze thawing cycle on the cohesive force of the saline soil and the action mechanism thereof from a plurality of aspects, and the experiment shows that: with the increase of the freeze thawing cycle times, the cohesive force of the saline soil is reduced, and finally the saline soil tends to be stable. These all demonstrate that temperature effect changes are the main cause of the decay of the strength parameters of the saline soil. Therefore, monitoring the temperature of the side slope is of great help to the early warning of the side slope disaster, and has great significance to the research of the side slope.
Under the external influence factors, the situation that the stability of the slope body is reduced due to peeling damage of the slope is quite common. In engineering practice, many slopes remain stable under certain rainfall, but may be damaged under the rainfall with smaller intensity at the subsequent time, so that one possible reason for this is that the strong rainfall infiltration process and the subsequent evaporation, drying and flaking (dry-wet alternation) have an influence on the slope stability. Therefore, the monitoring of the humidity of the side slope is of great importance.
The existing anchor rod is lack of temperature monitoring on the anchored ground slope, and the monitoring on humidity is significant when the anchor hole is not driven into an underground water layer. When the anchor holes are driven into the groundwater layer, the monitoring of the groundwater pressure is of great significance. Therefore, the monitoring of the temperature of the periphery of the anchor rod and the pressure or humidity of the underground water according to the situation has great significance for the research and the early warning of the side slope.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device, which effectively solves the problems that anchor rod stress points in the prior art are easy to damage outside, and finally the anchor rod effect is poor or even fails, and the monitoring of different levels cannot be carried out on rock mass deformation. And the invention can play a role in early warning of disasters through monitoring acoustic emission. And the temperature of the side slope, the pressure or the humidity of the underground water can be monitored.
The technical scheme of the device comprises a segmented displacement multistage control negative poisson self-expansion anchor rod device and a stress displacement monitoring device, and the device comprises an anchoring end, and is characterized in that a plurality of round table bodies with large axial outer sides and small axial inner sides are arranged at intervals on the axial outer sides of the anchoring end, tension bodies are coaxially connected to the axial inner sides of the round table bodies, through holes penetrating through a tensile body inwards in an axial direction are formed in the axial outer ends of the round table bodies, the tension bodies at the axial innermost sides are fixed on the anchoring end, the tension bodies at the axial outer sides pass through the round table bodies adjacent to the axial inner sides of the tension bodies and the through holes in the tensile bodies and are fixed on the anchoring end, sleeve pipes with the axial inner sides sleeved on the tension bodies in a sliding mode are sleeved on the axial inner sides of the round table bodies, a plurality of grooves extending towards the axial inner sides are formed in the axial outer ends of the sleeve pipes, a plurality of first elastic bodies are connected between the axial innermost sleeve pipes and the anchoring end, and a plurality of second elastic bodies are connected between the rest sleeve pipes and the round table bodies at the axial inner sides;
the lower end of the sleeve is connected with one end of a displacement sensor, the other end of the displacement sensor on the sleeve at the lowest end is connected with an anchoring end, the other ends of the rest displacement sensors are connected with the end faces of the round platforms adjacent to the displacement sensors, a first through hole is formed in the sleeve at one side of the displacement sensor, a second through hole is formed in the axial outer portion of the sleeve, the sleeve further comprises an electric cabinet arranged at one side outside the anchoring hole, and a wire of the displacement sensor is connected to the electric cabinet through the first through hole, the sleeve inner cavity and the second through hole of the sleeve at the axial outer end of the wire;
the bottom of the outer circular surface of the tension body is provided with a third through hole communicated with the through hole, a temperature sensor is arranged in the through hole of the tension body which is arranged at the innermost radial side, a groundwater pressure sensor or a humidity sensor is arranged on the bottom of the through hole in the tension body which is arranged at the innermost radial side, and the temperature sensor and the groundwater pressure sensor or the humidity sensor are connected in an electric cabinet;
a plurality of acoustic emission sensors for monitoring acoustic emission signal sources are uniformly distributed around the anchor holes, and the acoustic emission sensors are connected in the electric cabinet.
Preferably, the center of the anchoring end is fixed with a screw rod, the screw rod passes through a through hole in the round table body at the outermost end in the axial direction towards the outer side, a tray is sleeved on the part of the screw rod passing through the round table body at the outermost end in the axial direction, and a nut is screwed on the screw rod at the outer side in the axial direction of the tray.
Preferably, the anchoring end is anchored at the axially innermost end of the anchor hole, the side wall of the sleeve pipe axially inside the slot is anchored in the anchor hole, and the inner wall of the anchor hole at the slot is attached to the sleeve pipe.
Preferably, the first elastic body and the second elastic body are both springs.
Preferably, the round table body and the tension body are of an integrated structure.
Preferably, the tensile force bodies except the tensile force body at the innermost end in the axial direction comprise an insertion part inserted through the hole and a transition part integrally connected with the outer end of the axial direction of the insertion part, the diameter of the outer end surface of the axial direction of the transition part is equal to that of the outer end of the tensile force body at the innermost end in the axial direction, and the outer end of the axial direction of the transition part is connected with the round table body.
Preferably, the transition part is in a shape of a round table with a small axial inner side and a large axial outer side.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. when the side slope is deformed, the invention can be controlled in a segmented way, and only the sleeve at the outer end of the axial direction of the deformed position and the tensile body matched with the sleeve are stressed, but the tensile body at the inner side of the axial direction of the deformed position is not stressed, so that the service life of the anchoring device can be prolonged, the side slopes at different positions can be conveniently detected, and the deformation of the side slope at which position is monitored.
2. When the side slope is deformed, the stress points are the acted tension body and the anchoring end, the stress is carried out in the anchor hole, the inside of the anchor hole is not eroded by the long-term external environment, the service life of the anchoring device is prolonged, and the anchoring effect is improved.
3. When the side slope is deformed, the inner wall of the anchor hole moves outwards along with the sleeve pipe at the corresponding position, the outer end of the sleeve pipe in the axial direction is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped parts (because the outer end of the sleeve pipe in the axial direction is provided with a plurality of grooves), the sleeve pipe is provided with a certain elasticity, the upper part of the sleeve pipe moves outwards along the axial direction on the round table body, the round table body forces the sleeve pipe to open continuously in the axial direction, the friction force between the sleeve pipe and the anchor hole is increased continuously due to the enlarged inner diameter of the sleeve pipe after the sleeve pipe opens, the sleeve pipe firmly abuts against the side wall of the anchor hole, and the fixing position of the sleeve pipe on the side wall of the anchor hole, the tension body and the fixing point of the tension body at the anchoring end of the sleeve pipe form the anchoring of the side slope. The axial outer side end stress part uses the friction force of the sleeve and the anchor hole, which is circumferential contact, and the friction force is continuously increased along with the axial outward movement of the sleeve. The adaptability is wide.
4. The invention can monitor rock deformation of different levels, can monitor which level of deformation is detected, and can monitor whether single-layer fracture or multi-layer fracture, thereby having great significance for research and early warning of rock.
5. The monitoring host of the monitoring center can receive the acoustic emission signals of the acoustic emission sensor at the side slope through the wireless signal receiving and transmitting device, conduct data analysis, and early warning of rock side slope hazard of corresponding level is conducted through comparison of the correlation between the acoustic emission values and the threshold values. Not only can effectively avoid serious geological disasters, but also can effectively promote disaster prevention and reduction and public safety, and can effectively provide technical support for the disaster prevention and reduction and the public safety. Before the occurrence of a side slope disaster, the phenomena of crack initiation, expansion and fracture in the rock body are necessarily pre-generated, and the sound wave of the cracks can be detected by the sound emission detection device, so that people pre-predict the occurrence of the disaster in advance and make early warning and some disaster prevention plans.
6. The invention can monitor the temperature and the groundwater pressure or humidity of the side slope around the anchor rod in real time, thereby fully knowing the state of the temperature and the groundwater pressure or humidity of the side slope. The slope displacement deformation law under the anchoring effect is researched by monitoring the change of the internal temperature, humidity or groundwater pressure environment state of the slope. The influence of the displacement and the stress of the side slope is researched through the surrounding environment of the anchor rod.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a sleeve of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a first stage tensile body according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a second stage tensile body according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the present invention installed in an anchor hole.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion D in fig. 9.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a displacement sensor transmitting a signal to a monitoring host in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a front view of the invention mounted on a side slope.
Fig. 14 is a block diagram of the present invention in which a temperature sensor and a groundwater pressure sensor are installed.
Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the portion E in fig. 14.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to fig. 1-15.
The technical scheme of the multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device is that the multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device comprises an anchoring end 1 arranged at the bottom of an anchoring hole 9, and is characterized in that a plurality of round table bodies 2 with large axial outer sides and small axial inner sides are arranged at intervals on the axial outer sides of the anchoring end 1, the axial inner ends of the round table bodies 2 are coaxially connected with tensile bodies 3, the axial outer ends of the round table bodies 2 are provided with penetrating holes 4 penetrating through the tensile bodies 3 inwards, tension bodies 3 at the innermost ends are fixed on the anchoring end 1, the axial outer side of the tensile bodies 3 penetrate through the round table bodies 2 adjacent to the inner sides of the axial outer sides of the round table bodies, penetrating holes 4 in the tensile bodies 3 are fixed on the anchoring end 1, sleeve pipes 5 sleeved on the tensile bodies 3 in a sliding mode at the axial inner ends are sleeved on the axial inner sides of the axial outer sides of the round table bodies 2, a plurality of grooves 6 extending towards the axial inner sides are formed in the axial outer ends of the round table bodies 5, a plurality of first elastic bodies 7 are connected between the sleeve pipes 5 at the axial inner ends and the anchoring end 1, and a plurality of second elastic bodies 8 are connected between the rest sleeve pipes 5 and the bodies 2 at the axial inner sides of the same time;
the lower end of the sleeve 5 is connected with one end of a displacement sensor 16, the other end of the displacement sensor 16 on the sleeve 5 at the lowest end is connected with an anchoring end 1, the other ends of the rest displacement sensors 16 are connected with the end face of the round table body 2 adjacent to the other end, a first through hole 17 is formed in the sleeve at one side of the displacement sensor 16, a second through hole 18 is formed in the axial outer part of the sleeve, the electric control box 19 is arranged at one side outside the anchor hole 9, and a lead 29 of the displacement sensor 16 is connected to the electric control box 19 sequentially through the first through hole 17, the inner cavity of the sleeve 5 and the second through hole 18 of the sleeve 5 at the axial outer end of the lead 29;
the bottom of the outer circular surface of the tensile body 3 is provided with a third through hole 20 communicated with the through hole 4, a temperature sensor 21 is arranged in the through hole of the tensile body 3 which is arranged at the innermost radial side, a groundwater pressure sensor 22 or a humidity sensor is arranged on the bottom of the through hole 4 in the tensile body 3 which is arranged at the innermost radial side, and the temperature sensor 21 and the groundwater pressure sensor 22 or the humidity sensor are connected in an electric cabinet 19;
a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 23 for monitoring acoustic emission signal sources are uniformly distributed around the anchor hole 9, and the acoustic emission sensors 23 are connected in the electric cabinet 19.
When the anchor holes 9 are drilled at the desired anchor points, the invention is installed first, for example two-stage anchoring, and the first stage screw 10 is first secured to the anchor end 1. The first-stage sleeve 5 is sleeved on the first-stage tensile body 3 from the axial inner end to the axial outer end of the first-stage tensile body 3, then the second-stage sleeve 5 is sleeved on the second-stage tensile body 3 from the axial inner end to the axial outer end, and then the second-stage tensile body 3 is penetrated out from the axial inner end to the axial inner end through the penetrating hole 4 of the first-stage tensile body 3. The tensile body 3 and the sleeve 5 of the first stage are then moved towards the axially outer end, and the axially inner end of the tensile body 3 of the second stage is exposed and fixed at the anchoring end 1. Then the first-stage tensile body 3 is fixed at the anchoring end 1, a plurality of first-stage springs are uniformly distributed between the first-stage sleeve 5 and the anchoring end 1, and a plurality of second-stage springs are uniformly distributed between the first-stage truncated cone 2 and the second-stage sleeve 5.
Then anchor end 1 is anchored at the bottom of anchor hole 9, anchor sleeve 5 axially inside slot 6 is anchored on the side wall of anchor hole 9, here grouting point two 14, grouting is performed in anchor hole 9 at slot 6, so that the side wall of anchor hole 9 is thickened, here grouting point three 15, so that the side wall of anchor hole 9 can be attached to the side wall of sleeve 5 at slot 6. When the rock mass at the sleeve 5 of a certain level is deformed, the sleeve 5 axially inside the slot 6 is fixedly connected with the anchor hole 9, the rock mass deformation at the position drives the corresponding sleeve 5 to axially move outwards, the sleeve 5 axially moves outwards to be matched with the round table 2, the sleeve 5 at the slot 6 radially outwards expands, the sleeve 5 at the slot 6 is tightly attached to the anchor hole 9, the pressure on the side wall of the anchor hole 9 is continuously increased in the expanding process, the sleeve 5 is more firmly fixed in the anchor hole 9, the sleeve 5 is prevented from further moving upwards by the round table 2, the round table 2 is fixed on the fixed end 1 at the bottom through the tensile body 3, the fixed end 1 is formed, the tensile body 3 is prevented from axially outwards moving, the round table 2 is prevented from axially outwards moving, the sleeve 5 is prevented from continuously expanding radially outwards through the matched round table 2, the friction force with the anchor hole 9 is increased, and the rock mass is further prevented from axially outwards moving. Finally, the anchoring effect is achieved.
The stress positions in the invention are all in the anchor holes 9 and are not exposed to wind and sun for a long time, and the internal environment of the anchor holes 9 is better than the environment outside the anchor holes 9, so that the service life of the anchoring equipment can be prolonged. The anchoring in the invention is multi-stage anchoring, and the deformation of the rock mass at which stage can be detected by detecting the stress degree of the tensile body 3 at different stages, so that the monitoring and research on the deformation of the rock mass are facilitated.
When the rock mass at the first stage of the axial inner part is deformed, all rock masses outside the deformed position have a tendency to move because the rock mass at the axially innermost part is deformed, and therefore all the tensile force receiving bodies 3 at all the stages are stressed at the moment. The outer rock mass is also heavier at this time, so that all tensile bodies 3 will bear the weight of the heavier rock mass at the same time, whereas when the rock mass at a certain stage is deformed, the tensile body 3 axially inside this stage is not stressed, and all tensile bodies 3 axially outside it are stressed. According to the structure, the rock mass with the heavier outer part is controlled to bear by more tensile bodies 3, the rock mass with the lighter inner part is controlled to bear by less tensile bodies 3, so that the flexible self-adaption is realized, the anchoring strength is enhanced, the self-adaption is strong, and each tensile body 3 can play a role in the self-adaption. And meanwhile, each level of tensile force body 3 is not acted every time, so that the service life of the tensile force body 3 is prolonged in an intangible way.
In this embodiment, a displacement sensor 16 is mounted on the lower portion of each sleeve, the innermost displacement sensor 16 is mounted on the anchoring end, and the other ends of the remaining displacement sensors 16 are mounted on the circular truncated cone 2. The displacement sensors can be numbered, and the displacement sensors with different numbers correspond to different rock strata. Because the round table body and the anchoring end are fixed, the sleeve 5 moves along with the rock body, when the rock body at the lowest layer moves, the plurality of sleeves 5 at the upper part of the round table body move along with the rock body, and the corresponding displacement sensors 16 can be driven to act through the plurality of sleeves 5, and a power supply device and a monitoring controller 24 are arranged in the electric cabinet 19, wherein the power supply device can be a solar power supply device. The displacement sensor 16 is connected to a monitoring controller 24, and the monitoring controller is connected to a wireless signal transmitting device 25, and further comprises a wireless signal receiving device 26 matched with the wireless signal transmitting device 25, wherein the wireless signal receiving device 26 is connected to a monitoring host 27 of a monitoring center.
The displacement sensor 16 transmits its displacement signal to the monitoring host 27 through the wireless signal transmitting device 25 and the wireless signal receiving device 26, and the monitoring host 27 analyzes the displacement of the displacement sensor 16 or performs corresponding analysis and study on the displacement by a technician. The displacement sensor may be a linear displacement sensor. The rock mass of a certain layer outside the axial direction moves, and only the sleeve corresponding to the rock mass and the sleeve 5 outside the axial direction can be driven to move, so that the movement of the rock mass of which layer can be accurately monitored, the research on the rock mass is facilitated, and the landslide is prevented. Meanwhile, the monitoring host 27 can monitor the displacement of the rock mass in real time, when the displacement of the rock mass reaches an alarm value, the monitoring host 27 sends out an alarm prompt, the monitoring host 27 can be connected with an alarm to directly remind the staff in the monitoring room, and alarm information can be sent to the mobile phone of the monitor through a wireless network. When the alarm is reached, the early warning personnel can carry out a series of emergency treatment means, so that the personal and property safety of residents around the rock-soil body is ensured. Meanwhile, each layer is provided with a displacement sensor, the plurality of displacement sensors monitor the rock and soil bodies of multiple layers at the same time, and when an alarm value is reached, the displacement sensors can deform according to the rock mass of which layer, so that the severity of landslide accidents is estimated, and emergency treatment means are more scientifically carried out.
The displacement sensors 16 of the adjacent anchor holes 9 can be arranged on an electric cabinet 19, or the displacement sensors 16 in each anchor hole 9 are connected with a corresponding electric cabinet 19, and a rainproof electric cabinet 19 can be fixed on the surface of the rock-soil body outside the anchor hole 9.
Meanwhile, the deformation of the rock mass is also likely to be the simultaneous fracture of the multi-layer rock mass, so that the multi-layer rock mass is monitored simultaneously, and the research of the deformation of the rock mass and the judgment of landslide early warning are facilitated.
Four acoustic emission sensors 23 which are uniformly distributed on the circumference can be arranged around the same anchor rod, the four acoustic emission sensors 23 around the same anchor rod are respectively connected into a monitoring controller 24, the monitoring controller 24 is connected with a wireless signal transmitting device 25 arranged in the electric cabinet 19, the acoustic emission monitoring device also comprises a wireless signal receiving device 26 matched with the wireless signal transmitting device 25, and the wireless signal receiving device 26 is connected to a monitoring host 27 of a monitoring center. It is also possible that the acoustic emission sensors 23 on the slopes around a plurality of anchors in one area are all connected in the same electric cabinet 19. The interior of the slope rock mass has the processes of micro-fracture occurrence, expansion and fracture in the stress destruction process, and the acoustic emission phenomenon can be generated in the rock mass in the process. The detection host of the monitoring center is used for positioning the specific position of the emission signal source based on the three-dimensional time difference of the emission signal source, calculating and comparing the correlation between the emission value and the threshold value, and judging the hazard degree of the slope rock mass, so that corresponding early warning is made, and the purposes of real-time online safety monitoring and early warning of the slope rock mass are realized. In this embodiment, more than four sensor locations may be required for each acoustic emission signal source, so that more than four acoustic emission sensors are grouped into an acoustic emission sensor array for receiving signals of one acoustic emission signal source. The acoustic emission signal is transmitted to a monitoring controller in the electric cabinet, and then is transmitted to a monitoring host of the monitoring center through the wireless transceiver, and the monitoring host monitors the acoustic emission signal.
The temperature sensor 21 and the groundwater pressure sensor 22 or the humidity sensor are respectively connected to the monitoring controller. When the underground water layer appears in the anchor hole 9, the monitoring center can dynamically monitor the temperature and the underground water pressure in the anchored slope in real time, and when the underground water layer does not appear in the anchor hole 9, the underground water pressure sensor 22 is not installed, and the humidity sensor is installed. By analyzing the temperature and the groundwater pressure or humidity, the slope anchoring effect can be analyzed to a certain extent, and the influence degree of the groundwater pressure or humidity on the anchored slope can be judged according to the data obtained by the groundwater pressure sensor 22 or the humidity sensor. When a plurality of anchoring positions are distributed on the side slope, an electric cabinet 19 can be arranged among a plurality of anchoring positions within a certain range to control the temperature sensors 21 and the groundwater pressure sensors 22 or the humidity sensors of the plurality of anchoring positions.
The bottom of the tension body 3 is provided with a third through hole 20 communicated with the internal through hole, so that the environment in the underground water or the anchor hole 9 can be synchronized with the environment in the radial inner-most through hole 4 of the tension body 3, and the temperature sensor 21, the humidity sensor or the underground water pressure sensor 22 can be conveniently monitored.
The temperature sensor 21 and the underground water pressure sensor 22 or the humidity sensor may be plural, and may be disposed in the through hole 4 of the tensile body 3 at intervals along the length direction of the tensile body 3 of the radially innermost layer. Of course the groundwater pressure sensor 22 may also be fixed outside the casing in the anchor hole 9. From the monitoring of the acoustic emission sensor 23, the displacement sensor 16, the temperature sensor 21 and the groundwater pressure sensor 22 or the humidity sensor, the law of influence of the change of the geological environment (temperature, groundwater or humidity) on the slope displacement and the stress can be studied.
The invention also discloses a sectional displacement multi-stage control negative poisson self-expansion and multifunctional intelligent monitoring anchor rod device.
In embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, a screw rod 10 is fixed at the center of the anchoring end 1, the screw rod 10 passes through the through hole 4 in the round table 2 at the axially outermost end towards the axially outer side, a tray 11 is sleeved on the part of the screw rod 10 passing through the round table 2 at the axially outermost end, and a nut 12 is screwed on the screw rod 10 at the axially outer side of the tray 11.
The tray 11 in this embodiment may be provided with a fourth through hole 28, and the wires of the displacement sensor may be led out from the fourth through hole 28, so as to be mounted on the electric cabinet 19 outside the anchor hole 9.
In this embodiment, a screw 10, that is, a conventional anchoring manner, is added, and a plurality of levels of protection can be provided according to circumstances, the screw 10 is fixed at the center of the anchoring end 1, then the axial outer end of the screw 10 extends out of the anchoring hole 9, a tray 11 is sleeved on the screw 10 to press on the side wall of the rock body outside the anchoring hole 9, and then a nut 12 is sleeved on the screw 10 axially outside the tray 11. The nut 12 can in the initial state press against the tray 11, directly constituting another level of anchoring. A distance from the tray 11 may also be maintained as a preventive anchorage by bringing the tray 11 into contact with the nut 12 when the rock mass is deformed to a certain extent. The one-more level of anchoring enhances the security of the anchoring.
Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, the anchoring end 1 is anchored at the axially inner end of the anchor hole 9, the side wall of the sleeve 5 axially inside the slot 6 is anchored in the anchor hole 9, and the inner wall of the anchor hole 9 at the slot 6 is abutted against the sleeve 5.
By the arrangement, when the side wall of the anchor hole 9 moves, the sleeve 5 is carried with the trend of axially outwards moving, the sleeve 5 is matched with the round table body 2 to enable the sleeve 5 to have the trend of opening axially outwards, the sleeve is tightly attached to the side wall of the anchor hole 9 after opening, the side wall of the anchor hole 9 is prevented from moving towards the axially outwards by the aid of increased expansion force, the larger the outwards moving resistance is, the tighter the larger the outwards moving resistance is, and the whole anchoring failure caused by breakage of the sleeve 5 and the anchor hole 9 fixed in the axial inner part of the slot 6 in the moving process of a rock body is prevented.
In example 4, on the basis of example 1, the first elastic body 7 and the second elastic body 8 are both springs.
The function of this spring is to keep the connection of the casing 5 to its lower part and not to influence the upward movement of the casing 5 following the rock mass.
Embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, the truncated cone 2 and the tension body 3 are in an integrated structure.
The truncated cone body 2 and the tension body 3 can be integrally cast. The sleeve 5 material may be a carbon steel expansion tube using an expansion screw. The radially outer part of the sleeve 5 at the slot 6 may be provided with a plurality of friction bumps for increasing friction with the side walls of the anchor hole 9.
In embodiment 6, on the basis of embodiment 1, the tensile force receiving bodies 3 except for the tensile force receiving body 3 at the innermost end in the axial direction comprise an insertion part 301 inserted through the hole 4, and a transition part 302 integrally connected with the outer end in the axial direction of the insertion part 301, wherein the diameter of the outer end in the axial direction of the transition part 302 is equal to the diameter of the outer end in the axial direction of the tensile force body 3 at the innermost end in the axial direction, and the outer end in the axial direction of the transition part 302 is connected with the round table 2.
The arrangement is such that the axially inner insert 301 is of smaller diameter and can be inserted into the through bore 4, while the transition 302 facilitates the integral casting of the cones 2 in order to enlarge the diameter of the tensile body 3 to conform to the axially innermost tensile body 3, ensuring that the multiple levels of cones 2 are of uniform size. And the diameters of the two parts are in natural transition without shaft shoulders, so that the stress degree of the two parts is enhanced. The same truncated cone 2 can ensure the same dimensions of the sleeve 5. The sleeve 5 and the circular truncated cone 2 with the same size are matched, so that the production is convenient, and the installation standard of the side wall of the anchor hole 9 can be consistent, and the action and effect are consistent.
In example 7, in addition to example 6, the transition portion 302 has a truncated cone shape with a small inside and a large outside in the axial direction.
The axially inner end of the sleeve is fixed with a slip ring 13 which is radially inwards extended and is in sliding fit on the tension body. The slip ring 13 enables the axially inner end of the sleeve to be vertically and slidably connected to the tensile body.
Claims (7)
1. The multifunctional intelligent monitoring anchor rod device comprises an anchor end (1), and is characterized in that a plurality of round table bodies (2) with large axial outer sides and small axial inner sides are arranged at intervals on the axial outer sides of the anchor end (1), the axial inner ends of the round table bodies (2) are coaxially connected with tensile bodies (3), through holes (4) penetrating the tensile bodies (3) inwards in the axial direction are formed in the axial outer ends of the round table bodies (2), tension bodies (3) at the innermost axial ends are fixed on the anchor end (1), the tensile bodies (3) at the outer axial sides penetrate through the round table bodies (2) adjacent to the inner axial sides of the round table bodies and through holes (4) in the tension bodies (3) and are fixed on the anchor end (1), a sleeve (5) with the inner axial ends sleeved on the axial inner sides of the round table bodies (2) in a sliding mode, a plurality of grooves (6) extending inwards in the axial direction are formed in the axial outer ends of the round table bodies (5), a plurality of grooves (5) are formed in the axial outer ends of the sleeve bodies, and a plurality of elastic bodies (8) are connected between the sleeve bodies (5) at the inner axial inner ends and the anchor end (1), and a plurality of elastic bodies (8) are connected between the sleeve bodies (2);
the lower end of the sleeve (5) is connected with one end of a displacement sensor (16), the other end of the displacement sensor (16) on the sleeve (5) at the lowest end is connected to the anchoring end (1), the other ends of the rest displacement sensors (16) are connected to the end face of the round table body (2) adjacent to the same, a first through hole (17) is formed in the sleeve at one side of the displacement sensor (16), a second through hole (18) is formed in the axial outer portion of the sleeve, the device further comprises an electric control box (19) arranged at the outer side of the anchor hole (9), and a wire (29) of the displacement sensor (16) is connected to the electric control box (19) sequentially through the first through hole (17) of the sleeve (5) at the axial outer end of the wire, an inner cavity of the sleeve (5) and the second through hole (18);
the bottom of the outer circular surface of the tension body (3) is provided with a third through hole (20) communicated with the through hole (4), a temperature sensor (21) is arranged in the through hole of the tension body (3) at the innermost radial side, an underground water pressure sensor (22) or a humidity sensor is arranged on the bottom of the through hole (4) in the tension body (3) at the innermost radial side, and the temperature sensor (21) and the underground water pressure sensor (22) or the humidity sensor are connected in an electric cabinet (19);
a plurality of acoustic emission sensors (23) for monitoring acoustic emission signal sources are uniformly distributed around the anchor holes (9), and the acoustic emission sensors (23) are connected in the electric cabinet (19).
2. The multifunctional intelligent monitoring anchor rod device according to claim 1, wherein a screw rod (10) is fixed at the center of the anchoring end (1), the screw rod (10) passes through a through hole (4) in the round table body (2) at the outermost end in the axial direction towards the outer side, a tray (11) is sleeved on the part of the screw rod (10) passing through the round table body (2) at the outermost end in the axial direction, and a nut (12) is screwed on the screw rod (10) at the outer side in the axial direction of the tray (11).
3. A multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring end (1) is anchored at the axially inner end of the anchor hole (9), the side wall of the sleeve (5) axially inside the slot (6) is anchored in the anchor hole (9), and the inner wall of the anchor hole (9) at the slot (6) is attached to the sleeve (5).
4. A multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first elastic body (7) and the second elastic body (8) are springs.
5. A multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that the round table (2) and the tension body (3) are of an integral structure.
6. A multifunctional and intelligent monitoring anchor rod device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensile bodies (3) outside the tensile bodies (3) at the innermost axial end comprise an insertion part (301) inserted through the hole (4), and a transition part (302) integrally connected with the outer axial end of the insertion part (301), wherein the diameter of the outer axial end surface of the transition part (302) is equal to the diameter of the outer axial end of the tensile body (3) at the innermost axial end, and the outer axial end of the transition part (302) is connected with the truncated cone (2).
7. A multi-function and intelligent monitoring bolt assembly according to claim 6, wherein the transition portion (302) is in the form of a truncated cone with a small inside and a large outside in the axial direction.
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| CN114855793B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-11-14 | 厦门铖知新材科技有限公司 | Rotary spraying recoverable anchor cable device |
| CN115369869B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-09-12 | 华北水利水电大学 | Self-adaptive anchor rod capable of monitoring and adjusting expansive soil slope environment |
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