CN1109200C - 螺帽及用来拧紧和松开的装置 - Google Patents

螺帽及用来拧紧和松开的装置 Download PDF

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CN1109200C
CN1109200C CN98123454A CN98123454A CN1109200C CN 1109200 C CN1109200 C CN 1109200C CN 98123454 A CN98123454 A CN 98123454A CN 98123454 A CN98123454 A CN 98123454A CN 1109200 C CN1109200 C CN 1109200C
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nut
screw
gear
bolt
engagement
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CN1221079A (zh
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约翰·K·琼克斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/08—Quickly-detachable or mountable nuts, e.g. consisting of two or more parts; Nuts movable along the bolt after tilting the nut
    • F16B37/0807—Nuts engaged from the end of the bolt, e.g. axially slidable nuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B23P19/067—Bolt tensioners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/02—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws
    • B25B13/06—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of socket type
    • B25B13/065—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of socket type characterised by the cross-section of the socket
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/04—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for maintaining a tensile load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
    • F16B23/0061—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool with grooves, notches or splines on the external peripheral surface designed for tools engaging in radial direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/917—Nut having tension feature

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

一种螺帽具有一个螺帽件，其内设有螺纹可与螺栓、双头螺栓或类似物啮合，和多个延伸通过螺帽件的螺钉件，在这些螺钉件的一端各设有一个齿轮，可同时被一个另外的元件啮合并转动，从而可同时转动多个螺钉件使它们适宜地对接在一个物件上并拧紧或松开螺帽。一种拧紧装置包括创新的螺帽和一个能同时啮合并转动多个螺钉件的齿轮将螺帽拧紧的元件。

Description

螺帽及用来拧紧和松开的装置
本发明一般地涉及螺帽，特别是涉及螺旋顶重器(千斤顶)的螺帽以及设在其上的拧紧装置。
千斤顶的螺帽为行业中所公知，其中一种曾在美国专利4,622,730号中公开。在这参考文献中公开的螺帽有一可与螺栓端头连接的内螺纹，还有多个六角固定螺钉或六角头螺钉，它们用螺纹旋入螺帽的壁内，同轴且互相等距间隔开地排列在内螺纹的周围。这些螺钉延伸通过螺帽壁内设有螺纹的孔，它们被转动到使其端头对接在一个坐落在接头面上的淬硬垫圈上以致能用较低的输入力提升螺帽并拉伸螺栓。这种螺帽的想法是要使千斤顶的每一个螺钉在所造成的螺栓载荷上承担一个相等的部分。
但这种配置具有下列缺点。它必须按给定的顺序以给定的转矩将每一个螺钉转动到垫圈上。由于摩擦系数会变化，旋入的螺钉会造成侧边载荷使螺帽倾侧，因此很难使垫圈面与螺帽面保持平行。而这一点是重要的几个原因。如果垫圈面与面对的螺帽面不平行，那么螺钉中的一个会比其他螺钉承担较大的载荷，这个螺钉或者弯曲或者头被打扁从而破坏螺帽的整体性。而且，如果垫圈与螺帽的面互不平行，螺帽的位置就不能完全与螺栓轴线垂直，一个弯曲力将施加到螺栓上。
因此本发明的一个目的是要提供一种螺帽，它将没有现有技术的这些缺点。
本发明还有一个目的是要提供这种螺帽的拧紧装置，以便使这种螺帽没有现有技术的那些缺点。
怀着这些目的以及其他一些在后面会清楚的事项，本发明的一个特点简要地说在于，该螺帽具有一个螺帽件，其内设有螺纹可与螺栓或类似物的端头啮合，还有多个螺钉件，它们被旋入到螺帽件的带螺纹的孔内，每一个螺钉都有一个端头可适宜地与一个物件对接，另一个端头则从螺帽件上伸出，其特征为，按照本发明，每一螺钉件的另一端都设有这样一个齿轮使所有螺钉件的所有齿轮都能被一个啮合齿轮元件啮合并同时被转动，从而同时转动所有螺钉件。
按照本发明的另一个特点，设有一个拧紧装置，该装置包括按照本发明设计的上面提到的螺帽，和一个齿轮元件，该齿轮元件能同时与所有螺钉件的所有齿轮啮合并同时使它们转动。
按照本发明设计的螺帽和装置可消除现有技术的缺点并提供极有利的效果。
被认为是本发明特征的这些新的特点已在所附权利要求中具体列出。关于本发明本身，包括其构造、其操作方法、及其另外一些目的和优点在结合附图阅读下面具体实施例的说明后当可有清楚的了解。
图1和2为按照本发明的螺帽的侧视图和平面图；
图3为按照本发明示出一个可连接到一工具上并用来拧紧或松开螺帽的中间元件的视图；
图4为示出可连接到工具上并用来拧紧或松开新创螺帽的连接元件的另一实施例的视图；
图5为示出按照本发明拧紧或松开新创螺帽的方法的视图。
按照本发明的螺帽作为一个整体用标号1指出。它有一个基本上为圆筒形的螺帽件2，其内设有内螺纹3以便与一螺栓、双头螺栓或类似物啮合。螺帽件2还具有多个螺钉件4，它们被旋入到多个带螺纹的孔5内。螺纹孔5被同轴地排列在螺帽件2的内螺纹3的周围并以基本上相等的周边距离互相间隔开。
每一螺钉件4有一第一端可适宜地与一物件对接，这将在下面说明，还有另一个第二端4’。齿轮6不可旋转地装在每一螺钉件4的端头4’上以便与螺钉件一同旋转。齿轮6这样制成使它们能同时被一工具啮合并转动。
图3示出一个可同时与螺钉件4的所有齿轮6啮合并可与一工具连接的元件。该元件被制成一个空心套筒7。该套筒7的第一端设有多个与齿轮6的齿对应的齿。第二端设有一个造形如多条沿轴向延伸的花键9以便与工具连接。有一驱动轴的工具设有多条相应的花键可与套筒7的花键9啮合，其时套筒7的齿8在外面与螺帽1的螺钉4的齿轮6啮合。
元件的另一实施例中在图4中示出。该元件10被制成圆盘状，其上设有多个与螺帽1的螺钉件的齿轮6上的齿相当的外齿11。该元件10还有一个中央的空心造形例如为多条花键12。在工具的驱动轴上设有多条花键可与中间元件的花键12啮合，其时中间元件10的齿11在里面与螺帽1的螺钉4的齿轮6啮合。
按照本发明的螺帽按下列方式操作：
当需要将螺帽拧紧在螺栓13上时，具有相等长度的螺钉件4被这样安排使它们的下端与螺帽件2的下端面齐平如图5所示。然后将螺帽1在螺栓13上往下转动一直到螺帽件2的下端面碰到设在一个物件15例如一个突缘或类似物的上表面上的垫圈14的上表面为止。然后将套筒7配装在螺帽1上，使套筒7的内齿在外面与螺帽1的螺钉件4的齿轮6啮合。并将工具的驱动轴16插入到套筒7的另一相对端内使其花键与套筒内的花键9啮合。当动力工具的驱动轴被转动时，螺钉件以相等的速率被转动到相等的程度一直到达到组合的预先计算好的转矩为止。螺帽1的下表面和垫圈14的上表面互相平行，所有的螺钉件4都达到相等的转矩，这是因为现有技术的螺帽中所存在的倾侧作用和螺钉的未知的摩擦系数都已被消除。所有螺钉件4都同时被转动从而将螺帽1拧紧在螺栓13上。
当为此目的而采用图4中的元件10时，其齿11是从内侧与螺帽1的螺钉件4的齿轮6啮合。
螺帽1的从螺栓13上松开可按相反的顺序进行。
应该知道上述元件中的每一个或两个或多个在一起在不同于上述型式的其他型式的构造中也可找到其用途。
虽然本发明已就螺帽及设在其上的拧紧装置的具体实例进行图示和说明，但并不想受这些示出细节的限制，因为在不离开本发明的创意的情况下，可以作出各种修改和结构改变。
不用进一步分析，上面的说明已可充分显示本发明的要点，其中一些特点，从现有技术的角度看，相当好地构成本发明的一般方案或具体方案的主要特征，在不忽略这些特点的情况下，人们可以应用现有的知识，容易地使本发明适应各种用途。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于螺栓的螺帽，具有一个螺帽件，其设有螺纹可与螺栓的螺纹啮合；还有多个可用螺纹旋入到所说螺帽件内的螺钉件，这些螺钉件都有一个可适宜于与一物件对接的第一端和一个与此相对的第二端；每一个所说螺钉件的所说第二端都设有这样一个齿轮，使所有所说螺钉件的所说齿轮能同时被一个另外的元件啮合并转动，从而同时使所有所说螺钉件转动。
2.按照权利要求1的螺帽，其特征为，所说螺帽件有一轴线，所说螺钉件在轴向上延伸并以基本上相等的周边间距排列在所说螺帽件的所说轴线的周围。
3.一种用来拧紧和松开的装置，具有一个螺帽，该螺帽包括一个设有螺纹可与螺栓的螺纹啮合的螺帽件，多个可用螺纹旋入到所说螺帽件内的螺钉件，这些螺钉件都有一个可适宜地与一物件对接的第一端和一个与此相对的第二端，每一个所说螺钉件的所说第二端都设有一个齿轮；和一个能同时啮合所有所说螺钉件的所有所说齿轮的元件，以资同时转动所有所说齿轮从而转动所有所说螺钉件。
4.按照权利要求3的装置，其特征为，所说螺帽件有一轴线，所说螺钉件在轴向上延伸并基本上以相等的周边间距排列在所说螺帽件的所说轴线的周围。
5.按照权利要求3的装置，其特征为，所说元件设有多个内齿可与所说螺钉件的所说齿轮啮合。
6.按照权利要求5的装置，其特征为，所说元件被制成一个套筒，其一端设有可与所说螺钉件的所说齿轮啮合的所说内齿，另一端设有一个可被工具啮合的另外的造形。
7.按照权利要求3的装置，其特征为，所说元件设有在里面与所说螺钉件的所说齿轮啮合的多个外齿。
8.按照权利要求7的装置，其特征为，所说元件被制成一个圆盘，其外表面上设有可与所说螺钉件的所说齿轮啮合的所说外齿和一个可被工具啮合的另外的造形。
CN98123454A 1997-10-24 1998-10-26 螺帽及用来拧紧和松开的装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1109200C (zh)

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US08/957,618 US5934853A (en) 1997-10-24 1997-10-24 Nut and device for tightening provided with the same
US957618 1997-10-24

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CN1109200C true CN1109200C (zh) 2003-05-21

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JP (1) JP2992937B2 (zh)
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PE51599A1 (es) 1999-06-16
RU2175084C2 (ru) 2001-10-20
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ATE206506T1 (de) 2001-10-15
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AU8940998A (en) 1999-05-13
EP0913593A1 (en) 1999-05-06
AR014925A1 (es) 2001-04-11
CN1221079A (zh) 1999-06-30
UA52655C2 (uk) 2003-01-15
HK1019472A1 (en) 2000-02-11
EP0913593B1 (en) 2001-10-04
DE69801882D1 (de) 2001-11-08
DK0913593T3 (da) 2002-01-28
JP2992937B2 (ja) 1999-12-20
DE69801882T2 (de) 2002-04-25
SI0913593T1 (en) 2002-10-31
KR100326007B1 (ko) 2002-06-27
JPH11223206A (ja) 1999-08-17
ZA989695B (en) 1999-06-30
KR19990037344A (ko) 1999-05-25
BR9805311A (pt) 1999-11-09
ES2165128T3 (es) 2002-03-01
AU709971B2 (en) 1999-09-09
US5934853A (en) 1999-08-10
TW387038B (en) 2000-04-11

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