CN110916742A - 具有纵向可变宽度支柱的支架 - Google Patents

具有纵向可变宽度支柱的支架 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110916742A
CN110916742A CN201910807898.6A CN201910807898A CN110916742A CN 110916742 A CN110916742 A CN 110916742A CN 201910807898 A CN201910807898 A CN 201910807898A CN 110916742 A CN110916742 A CN 110916742A
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extending
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M.克林格
P.福塞斯
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0029—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in bending or flexure capacity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0036—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022—Metals or alloys

Abstract

本发明题为“具有纵向可变宽度支柱的支架”。支架通常可包括多个纵向元件，该多个纵向元件各自在支架的大部分长度上延伸，并且各自具有交替的柔性区段和刚性区段。支架可包括定位在纵向元件上的柔性区段和刚性区段之间的节点和周向延伸以连接节点处的相邻纵向元件的互连构件。纵向元件可具有波形图案，并且互连构件可具有将来自一个纵向元件的峰连接到相邻纵向元件的波谷的分支结构。所得支架结构可具有穿越和适形于颅内动脉所需的横向和纵向柔韧性，具有闭孔设计的收回性和结构完整性的有益效果。

Description

具有纵向可变宽度支柱的支架
技术领域
本发明整体涉及植入式支架医疗装置、其制造方法，并且更具体地涉及用于治疗宽颈颅内动脉瘤的支架。
背景技术
医疗支架用于支撑、维持或修复活体中的内腔、通道或开口。支架设计对于治疗的位置和目的而言是独特的，因为支架必须足够柔性以穿越体腔以到达治疗部位，并且然后在结构上足够稳固以提供修复治疗部位所需的结构支撑。与颈动脉相比，大脑内部的动脉非常小，并且产生许多曲折和转折，需要一种更柔性的支架，其不仅能够在接近治疗部位时进行紧身转弯，而且在植入时适形于血管壁的紧密曲率。植入以支撑颅内动脉瘤中的栓塞线圈块的支架还必须足够坚固，以保持完整的动脉瘤颈部覆盖，并用作支承或屏障以防止线圈突回母血管，尤其是在治疗宽颈动脉瘤中。
为了满足柔韧性和结构完整性的竞争性需要，已知的支架设计通常包括多个周向环或单个螺旋线圈，其被设计成提供由被设计用于实现期望的柔韧性的纵向延伸的桥接件接合的结构支撑。在每个关节处具有桥接件的支架通常归类为闭孔支架，并且通常将移除了许多桥接件的支架归类为开孔支架。一般来讲，开孔支架比闭孔支架更具柔性，使得它们在递送到治疗部位时更易于穿越紧密的曲线，或者在处理包括曲线的治疗部位时增加适形能力。然而，增加的柔韧性是以结构有益效果诸如支承均匀度的损失为代价的。另外，一旦部署，与闭孔支架相比，开孔结构可能更难以收回和重新定位。闭孔设计通常具有结构有益效果诸如支承均匀度，但代价是颅内治疗所需的柔韧性和适形性。
已知支架包括自扩张支架的Cordis
Figure BDA0002184176430000011
线，其在各种专利和公布的专利申请中有所描述，包括美国专利6,673,106，该专利以引用方式并入本文。
因此，需要一种改善的柔性神经脉管支架，该支架能够穿越紧密的曲线以到达治疗部位，并且一旦植入，就适形于血管壁的紧密曲率并保持对栓塞植入物的结构支撑。
发明内容
本文公开了可满足上述需要的本发明的各种示例性支架，支架通常可包括多个纵向元件，这些多个纵向元件各自在支架的大部分长度上延伸并且各自具有交替的柔性区段和刚性区段。支架可包括定位在纵向元件上的柔性区段和刚性区段之间的节点和周向延伸以连接节点处的相邻纵向元件的互连构件。纵向元件可具有波形图案，并且互连构件可具有将来自一个纵向元件的峰连接到相邻纵向元件的波谷的分支结构。所得支架结构可具有穿越和适形于颅内动脉所需的横向和纵向柔韧性，具有闭孔设计的收回性和结构完整性的有益效果。
在一个示例中，支架可为大体管状的，其具有在第一开口端和第二开口端之间延伸的周长和长度。支架可具有多个纵向元件，该多个纵向元件各自具有交替的薄区段和厚区段，并且各自可在支架的大部分长度上延伸。支架可具有周向延伸的互连构件以连接两个相邻的纵向元件。互连构件可具有多个分支。支架可具有定位在纵向元件上在交替的薄区段和厚区段之间的多个节点。节点可将互连构件的分支连接到纵向元件。薄区段和厚区段可分别具有在节点之间跨越的均匀宽度，使得厚区段具有测量为大于薄区段的宽度。
每个纵向元件可具有正弦形状。节点中的每个可定位在正弦形状的峰或波谷处。
互连构件可具有分别具有均匀宽度的薄分支和厚分支，使得厚分支的宽度测量为大于薄分支。互连构件可具有在两个中间节点处接合的四个分支。在四个分支中，第一分支可具有薄的宽度，并且第二分支可具有测量为大于薄宽度的厚宽度。
在另一个示例中，支架可具有大体管状的形状，其中单元格在顺时针方向、逆时针方向和纵向上重复。单元格中的每个可具有纵向延伸元件，该元件在纵向上延伸单元格的宽度并形成一个周期的波形图案。单元格的纵向延伸元件可具有定位在波形图案的波谷处的顺时针节点，定位在波形图案的峰处的顺时针节点，大体均匀的宽度、从逆时针节点延伸到顺时针节点的厚区段，以及包括大体均匀的宽度的薄区段，该宽度测量为小于厚区段的宽度，该薄区段从顺时针节点延伸到纵向相邻的单元格的纵向相邻的逆时针节点。单元格可具有顺时针延伸的分支，该分支从纵向元件的顺时针节点沿顺时针方向周向延伸。单元格可具有逆时针延伸的分支，该分支从纵向元件的逆时针节点沿逆时针方向延伸。
单元格可具有第一中间分支，该第一中间分支连接从纵向相邻的单元格延伸的纵向相邻的逆时针延伸的分支和从逆时针相邻的单元格延伸的逆时针相邻的顺时针延伸的分支。单元格可具有第二中间分支，该第二中间分支连接纵向相邻的逆时针延伸的分支和从与纵向相邻的单元格逆时针相邻的单元格延伸的对角相邻的顺时针延伸的分支。
单元格的顺时针延伸的分支和逆时针延伸的分支可各自具有大体均匀的宽度，该宽度对于两个分支约相等，并且第一中间分支可具有测量得小于顺时针延伸的分支和逆时针延伸的分支的宽度的大体均匀的宽度。
纵向元件的波形图案可为正弦曲线的形状。
单元格中的厚区段的宽度可测量为约0.0018英寸，并且薄区段的宽度可测量为约0.00125英寸。
支架可具有第一端部、第二端部、在第一端部和第二端部之间纵向延伸的长度(其中单元格在大部分长度上重复)、以及邻近第一端部和第二端部定位的端部单元格。每个端部单元格可具有纵向延伸元件的端部区段、互连构件的端部分支、以及将端部区段连接到端部分支的接合构件。端部单元格可在支架端部处围绕支架的周长在顺时针方向和逆时针方向上重复。
又如，支架可具有大体管状的形状，其以在周向上测量的周长和在纵向上测量的长度为特征。支架可具有在支架的长度上延伸的纵向元件，该纵向元件由交替的柔性区段和刚性区段组成，使得柔性区段和刚性区段为支架提供结构支撑，并且与刚性区段相比，柔性区段在纵向上更具柔性。支架可具有互连构件，该互连构件各自在周向上连接两个相邻的纵向元件。互连构件可各自具有多个分支。支架可具有定位在纵向元件上在交替的柔性区段和刚性区段中的每个之间的节点。节点可将互连构件的分支连接到纵向元件。
柔性区段可具有薄宽度，并且刚性区段可具有大于薄宽度的厚宽度。
互连构件可各自具有柔性分支和刚性分支，使得与刚性分支相比，柔性分支在纵向上具有更大的柔韧性。
支架的纵向元件可具有以峰和波谷为特征的波形。支架的每个节点可定位在峰或波谷处，并且每个互连构件可将来自第一纵向元件的峰连接到来自第二纵向元件的波谷。
在用于制造支架的示例性方法中，可提供具有周向和纵向的弹性管材。可切割管材以形成在纵向上延伸的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的第一交替图案。如在纵向上所测量的，柔性支柱中的每个可比刚性支柱中的每个更具柔性。第一节点可定位在第一交替图案的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的每个交点处。可切割管材以形成第一分支，该第一分支各自从第一节点中的每个延伸。可切割管材以形成柔性支柱和刚性支柱的至少一个相邻的交替图案，该至少一个相邻的交替图案在纵向上延伸并且在周向上邻近第一交替图案而定位。第一分支可连接到每个相邻的交替图案。
柔性支柱中的每个可在第一对相邻节点之间被切割成大体均匀的薄宽度，并且刚性支柱中的每个可在第二对相邻节点之间被切割成大体均匀的厚宽度，使得柔性支柱中的每个的宽度测量为小于刚性支柱中的每个的宽度。
中间分支可被切割成从第一分支延伸，并且中间分支的宽度可各自小于从其延伸的第一分支的宽度。
附图说明
将参考下面的描述并结合附图进一步讨论本发明的上述及其它方面，在这些附图中，相同的编号指示各种图中相同的结构元件和特征。附图未必按比例绘制，相反，将重点放在示出本发明的原理。附图仅以举例方式而非限制方式描绘了本发明装置的一种或多种具体实施。
图1A示出了根据本发明的方面的展开支架的支柱图案。
图1B示出了根据本发明的方面的单元格。
图1C和图1D示出了根据本发明的方面的支架的支柱图案。
图2示出了根据本发明的方面的支架的支柱图案。
图3示出根据本发明的方面的三维支架。
图4和图5是包括可作为根据本发明的方面的支架的制造方法的一部分的步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1A-1D中示出了示例性支架100的支柱图案。示例性支架100被示出在纵向10上沿着其长度110被切割并平放。图1A示出了整个支架100；图1B示出了如图1A所示的单元格130的细节；图1C示出了纵向元件200相对于互连构件300的定位；并且图1D示出了纵向元件200的薄区段210和互连构件300的薄区段310的定位。
共同参见图1A-1D，支架100可从弹性管诸如镍钛诺、镍钛诺合金、其它记忆形状金属、或弹性可植入管材切割，使得支架100可具有大体管状的结构，该结构具有第一开口端112、第二开口端114、周长120和长度110。支柱图案可由纵向元件200组成，该纵向元件在支架100的大部分长度110上延伸，这些长度通过互连构件300的分支在周向20上连接。在支架100的每个端部112、114处，纵向元件200的端部区段可与端部接合构件150连接到互连构件300的端部分支。支柱图案可包括薄区段210、310和厚区段220、322、324、326。互连构件300中的分支的图案可模仿纵向元件200的波状结构以形成闭孔支柱图案。
图1A-1D中所示的支架100具有由互连构件300周向连接的三个纵向元件200，其中每个互连构件300被显示成由四个分支310、322、324、326组成。应当理解，纵向元件200的数量和互连构件300的分支结构可根据治疗的具体尺寸和柔韧性要求而定制。
纵向元件200在图1C中被划上阴影线以将纵向元件200与互连构件300区分开。纵向元件200可由在宽度或柔韧性上变化的交替区段或支柱制成。图1C示出了例如具有交替的薄区段210和厚区段220的细长元件200。
类似地，互连构件300的分支可以交替的方式在宽度或柔韧性上变化，并且可模仿纵向元件200的交替图案。具有薄宽度215的纵向元件200的薄区段210和具有薄宽度315的互连构件300的薄区段310在图1D中被划上阴影线以将薄区段210、310与厚区段220、322、324、326区分开。
具有更大的柔韧性的较薄区段可有助于所构造的支架100的总体柔韧性，而具有较大刚度的较厚区段可有助于所构造的支架100的总体结构强度。所构造的支架可具有改善的总体植入物柔韧性和适形能力，这可由较低的挠曲模量来量化。所得的构造支架在纵向和横向两个方向上可具有改善的柔韧性。
薄区段210或薄分支310可被激光切割以具有薄宽度215、315，例如约0.00125±0.0003英寸，并且厚区段320或厚分支322、324、326可被激光切割以具有厚宽度225、325，例如约0.00180±0.0003英寸。薄区段210或分支可允许增加柔韧性，而较厚的区段或分支可保持支架100的结构完整性并抵抗扭结。
还可以想到未示出的导致柔性区段和刚性区段的交替图案的支柱构型。例如，包括较短区段和较长区段的交替图案或在支架的径向上具有较薄或较厚深度的支柱的交替图案的支柱配置可导致柔性区段和刚性区段的交替图案。除此之外或另选地，对于具有带波形图案的纵向元件的支架，可在支架结构内修改波形图案的波长和/或振幅，以改变所述纵向元件的区段的柔韧性/刚度并控制支架的总体挠曲模量。
尽管图中未示出，但也可设想结合不透射线的材料。例如，可通过本领域已知的方法将不透射线材料诸如钽的涂层沉积在支架的表面上，以增强装置在荧光镜透视下的可见度。在一些应用中，在低应变区域中的支架表面上沉积不透射线材料的薄涂层可为有利的。
参见图1A-1B，单元格130图案可在顺时针方向22、逆时针方向24和纵向10上重复。如图1B所示，单元格130可具有横跨单元格130的宽度延伸并延伸到纵向相邻的单元格中的纵向元件200，使得纵向元件200沿支架100的长度110以连续和重复的方式延伸。顺时针延伸的分支326可从定位在纵向元件200波形图案的峰202处的顺时针节点252延伸。顺时针延伸的分支326可为互连构件300的一部分，该互连构件在顺时针方向22上将纵向元件200连接到相邻的纵向元件200。逆时针延伸的分支322可从定位在纵向元件波形图案的波谷204处的逆时针节点254延伸。逆时针延伸的分支322可为互连构件300的一部分，该互连构件在逆时针方向24上将纵向元件200连接到相邻的纵向元件。
为了示出单元格可如何互连，图1B示出了单元格130、顺时针相邻的单元格132的部分、逆时针相邻的单元格134、纵向相邻的单元格140、顺时针邻近纵向相邻单元格142的单元格、以及与纵向相邻单元格144逆时针相邻的单元格。示出的部分单元格中的每个表示单元格的完整重复图案。
如图1B所示，在单元格130内，纵向元件200可具有厚区段220和薄区段210，该厚区段具有厚宽度225，该薄区段210具有薄宽度215。厚区段220可具有在逆时针节点254和顺时针节点252之间跨越的大体均匀的厚宽度225。薄区段210可具有在纵向相邻单元格140的顺时针节点252和逆时针节点254之间跨越的大体均匀的薄宽度215。当单元格沿支架100的长度110重复时，纵向元件200可具有交替的厚区段220和薄区段210的重复图案。
互连构件300可由从节点252、254延伸的分支制成，以将纵向元件200连接在周向相邻的单元格中。如图1A和图1B所示，互连构件300可在单元格130内具有四个分支。如上所述，顺时针延伸的分支326可从定位在纵向元件200的峰202处的顺时针节点252延伸，并且逆时针延伸的分支322可从定位在纵向元件200的波谷204处的逆时针节点254延伸。分支可以锐角从纵向元件200的节点延伸，以有利于支架100的塌缩性和柔韧性。
从节点延伸的分支中的一个或多个也可在单元格之间纵向延伸。例如，单元格130的逆时针延伸的分支322被显示为从定位在纵向相邻的单元格140中的逆时针节点254延伸。分支单元的纵向延伸可有利于支架100的塌缩并且可模仿纵向元件200的波形图案以形成可塌缩的柔性闭孔图案。
互连构件300可具有连接到顺时针延伸的分支326和逆时针延伸的分支322的中间分支，将来自一单元格的顺时针延伸的分支326连接到周向相邻的单元格中的逆时针延伸的分支322。例如，第一中间分支310可沿逆时针方向24从定位在逆时针延伸的分支322的端部上的第一中间节点352延伸到定位在逆时针相邻单元格134的顺时针延伸的分支326的端部上的第二中间节点354。
除了在逆时针方向24上延伸之外，逆时针延伸的分支322和第一中间分支310可共同在大多数或整个单元格130上纵向延伸，并且可模仿纵向元件200的波形图案以在支架100的闭孔结构中提供连续性。第一中间分支310可以锐角接合逆时针相邻的单元格134的顺时针延伸的分支326，以模仿分支322、326在纵向元件200处与节点252、254的附接。
第二中间分支324可沿逆时针方向24从第一中间节点352延伸，以接合与纵向单元格144逆时针相邻的单元格的顺时针延伸的分支326。除了沿逆时针方向24延伸之外，第二中间分支324和与纵向相邻单元格144逆时针相邻的单元格的顺时针延伸的分支326可在约等于单元格的宽度的宽度上纵向延伸，横跨单元格130的大约一半处纵向跨越至横跨与纵向相邻单元格144逆时针相邻的单元格的约一半处，并且两个分支的纵向延伸可模仿纵向元件200的波形图案。第二中间分支324可在第一中间节点352处以锐角接合逆时针延伸的分支322，以模仿分支322、326在纵向元件200处与节点252、254的附接。
互连构件300中的分支可具有不同的宽度。例如，第一中间分支310可具有在第一中间节点352和第二中间节点354之间大体均匀的薄宽度315。如图1B所示，顺时针延伸的分支326、逆时针延伸的分支322和第二中间分支324可各自具有大体均匀的厚宽度325，使得薄宽度315测量为小于厚宽度325。
端部单元格160可包括纵向元件200的端部区段和由端部接合构件150连接的端部分支区段。
图2示出了支架100的示例性支柱图案的另一可视化。图2示出了在周向20上彼此相邻定位的第一纵向元件200a和第二纵向元件200b以及由周向延伸以连接相邻纵向元件200a、200b的分支组成的互连构件300。每个纵向元件200a、200b具有波形图案，该纵向元件具有峰202a、202b和波谷204a、204b，其中薄区段210a、210b和厚区段220a、220b的交替图案在峰202a、202b和波谷204a、204b之间跨越。定位在第一纵向元件200a的波谷204a处的节点254a连接到互连构件300的逆时针延伸的分支322，并且定位在第二纵向元件200b的峰202b处的节点252b连接到互连构件300的顺时针延伸的分支326。节点252a可定位在第一纵向元件200a的峰202a处以与顺时针相邻的纵向元件(未示出)接合，并且节点254b可定位在第二纵向元件200b的波谷204b处以与逆时针相邻的纵向元件(未示出)接合。
第一纵向元件200a和第二纵向元件200b可对齐，使得第一纵向元件200a的峰202a与第二纵向元件200b的峰202b周向对齐，并且第一纵向元件200a的波谷204a与第二纵向元件200b的波谷204b周向对齐。
第一中间分支310和第二中间分支324可横跨定位在逆时针延伸的分支322的端部处的第一中间节点352和定位在顺时针延伸的分支326的端部处的第二中间节点354之间。第一中间分支310和第二中间分支324可在第一中间节点352和第二中间节点354之间沿相反方向纵向延伸以形成模仿纵向元件200a、200b的波形图案的图案。第一中间分支310和第二中间分支324可在第一中间节点352和第二中间节点354处端到端地接合，以横跨支架100的大部分长度110。第一中间节点352可与第一纵向元件200a和第二纵向元件200b的峰202a、202b周向对齐，并且第二中间节点354可与第一纵向元件200a和第二纵向元件200b的波谷204a、204b周向对齐。
第一中间分支310可各自具有约等于纵向元件200a、200b的薄区段210a、210b的宽度215的薄宽度315，并且第二中间分支324可具有约等于纵向元件200a、200b的厚区段220a、220b的宽度225的厚宽度325。薄的第一中间分支310可在第一纵向元件200a的厚区段220a和第二纵向元件200b的厚区段220b之间的约一半处周向地定位，并且厚的第二中间分支324可在第一纵向元件200a的薄区段210a和第二纵向元件200b的薄区段210b之间的约一半处周向地定位。这样，纵向延伸的薄区段和厚区段可围绕支架100的周长120以交替方式定位。
在未示出的另一个示例中，纵向元件200可用于代替中间分支310、324。参见图2，并且为了使此几何形状可视化，第一中间节点352可被成形为各自以波峰的形状将第一中间分支310和第二中间分支324端到端接合，并且第二中间节点354可被成形为各自以波谷的形状将第一中间分支310和第二中间分支324端到端接合。这样构造，中间分支基本上呈纵向元件200的形状。
图3为处于弯曲构型的示例性支架100的三维图示。支架100可由纵向元件200构成，该纵向元件跨越支架100的长度110从第一开口端112延伸到第二开口端114。纵向元件200可具有交替的柔性区段210和刚性区段220。纵向元件200可通过互连构件300连接，该互连构件横跨支架100的长度110，连接周向相邻的纵向元件200。互连构件300可由分支组成。在支架100的每个端部112、114处，端部接合构件150可将纵向元件200的每个端部区段连接到互连构件300的每个端部分支。
图4和图5是示出可用于制造支架的过程中的示例方法步骤的流程图。这些方法步骤可通过本文所述的任何示例方式或通过本领域普通技术人员已知的任何方式来实现。
参见图4所示的方法700，在步骤710中，可提供具有周向和纵向的弹性管材。弹性管材可为例如镍钛诺、镍钛诺合金、其它记忆形状金属、弹性可植入管材、或本领域已知的其它材料。在步骤720中，可切割管材以形成在纵向上延伸的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的第一交替图案，如针对各自在纵向上所测量的，柔性支柱中的每个比刚性支柱中的每个更具柔性。在步骤730中，第一节点可定位在第一交替图案的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的每个交点处。在步骤740中，可切割管材以形成第一分支，使得第一分支中的每个从第一节点中的每个延伸。在步骤750中，可切割管材以形成柔性支柱和刚性支柱的至少一个相邻图案，该柔性支柱和刚性支柱在纵向上延伸并且在周向上邻近第一交替图案而定位。在步骤760中，第一分支可连接到至少一个相邻的交替图案。
参见图5所示的方法800，在步骤810中，可提供具有周向和纵向的弹性管材。弹性管材可为例如镍钛诺、镍钛诺合金、其它记忆形状金属、弹性可植入管材、或本领域已知的其它材料。在步骤820中，可切割管材以形成在纵向上延伸的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的第一交替图案，如针对各自在纵向上所测量的，柔性支柱中的每个比刚性支柱中的每个更具柔性。在步骤830中，第一节点可定位在第一交替图案的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的每个交点处。在步骤840中，可切割管材以形成第一分支，使得第一分支中的每个从第一节点中的每个延伸。在步骤845中，可切割中间分支，使得每个中间分支从第一分支延伸，并且使得每个中间分支具有小于其从其延伸的第一分支的宽度。在步骤850中，可切割管材以形成柔性支柱和刚性支柱的至少一个相邻图案，该至少一个相邻图案在纵向上延伸并且在周向上邻近第一交替图案而定位。在步骤855中，柔性支柱中的每个可被切割成在第一对相邻节点之间具有大体均匀的薄宽度，并且刚性支柱中的每个可被切割成在第二对相邻节点之间具有大体均匀的厚宽度，使得薄宽度测量为小于厚宽度。在步骤860中，第一分支可连接到至少一个相邻的交替图案。
本文所包含的描述是本发明的实施方案的示例，并且不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。如本文所述，本发明设想了支架的多种变型和修改形式，包括例如用于纵向元件的替代形状、具有更多个或更少个分支的互连构件、具有不同几何形状的互连构件、附加的或更少的支柱、或利用多种材料中的任一种或用于支架的制造装置。这些修改将对本领域中的普通技术人员将是显而易见的，并且旨在处于以下权利要求的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于植入体腔中的支架，包括：
大体管状的形状，所述形状包括支架周长、第一开口端、第二开口端和从所述第一开口端延伸到所述第二开口端的长度；
多个纵向元件，所述多个纵向元件在所述支架的大部分所述长度上延伸，所述多个纵向元件各自包括多个交替的薄区段和厚区段；
多个互连构件，所述多个互连构件各自周向延伸，各自连接所述多个纵向元件中的两个相邻的纵向元件，并且各自包括多个分支；以及
多个节点，所述多个节点定位在所述多个纵向元件中的每个上在所述多个交替的薄区段和厚区段中的每个之间，所述多个节点中的每个将所述多个分支中的一分支连接到所述多个纵向元件中的一纵向元件，并且
其中多个所述薄区段各自包括薄宽度，所述薄宽度在所述多个节点中的第一对相邻节点之间为大体均匀的宽度，并且多个所述厚区段各自包括厚宽度，所述厚宽度在所述多个节点中的第二对相邻节点之间为大体均匀的宽度，所述厚宽度测量为大于所述薄宽度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的支架，其中所述多个纵向元件中的每个包括正弦形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的支架，其中所述多个节点中的每个定位在所述正弦形状的峰或波谷处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的支架，其中所述多个互连构件中的每个包括薄分支和厚分支，所述薄分支包括大体均匀的宽度，所述厚分支包括大于所述薄分支的宽度的大体均匀的宽度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的支架，其中所述互连构件包括在两个中间节点处接合的四个分支。
6.根据权利要求5所述的支架，其中所述四个分支中的第一分支包括大体均匀的第一宽度，并且所述四个分支中的第二分支包括大体均匀的第二宽度，所述第二宽度测量为大于所述第一宽度。
7.一种用于植入体腔中的支架，包括大体管状的形状和在顺时针方向、逆时针方向和纵向上重复的多个单元格，所述多个单元格中的每个包括：
纵向延伸元件，所述纵向延伸元件在所述纵向上延伸所述单元格的宽度并形成一个周期的波形图案，所述纵向延伸元件包括：
逆时针节点，所述逆时针节点定位在所述波形图案的波谷处，
顺时针节点，所述顺时针节点定位在所述波形图案的峰处，
厚区段，所述厚区段包括大体均匀的宽度、从所述逆时针节点延伸到所述顺时针节点，和
薄区段，所述薄区段包括大体均匀的宽度，所述宽度测量为小于所述厚区段的宽度，所述薄区段从所述顺时针节点延伸到纵向相邻的单元格的纵向相邻的逆时针节点；
顺时针延伸的分支，所述顺时针延伸的分支在所述顺时针方向上从所述顺时针节点周向延伸；以及
逆时针延伸的分支，所述逆时针延伸的分支在所述逆时针方向上从所述逆时针节点周向延伸。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的支架，所述单元格还包括第一中间分支，所述第一中间分支连接：
从所述纵向相邻的单元格延伸的纵向相邻的逆时针延伸的分支，和
从逆时针相邻的单元格延伸的逆时针相邻的顺时针延伸的分支。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的支架，所述单元格还包括第二中间分支，所述第二中间分支连接：
所述纵向相邻的逆时针延伸的分支，和
对角相邻的顺时针延伸的分支，所述分支从与所述纵向相邻的单元格逆时针相邻的单元格延伸。
10.根据权利要求8所述的支架，其中，
所述顺时针延伸的分支包括大体均匀的宽度，
所述逆时针延伸的分支包括测量为约等于所述顺时针延伸的分支的宽度的大体均匀的宽度，并且
所述第一中间分支包括测量为小于所述顺时针延伸的分支的宽度和所述逆时针延伸的分支的宽度的大体均匀的宽度。
11.根据权利要求7所述的支架，其中所述波形图案为正弦曲线的形状。
12.根据权利要求7所述的支架，其中所述厚区段的宽度测量为约0.0018英寸，并且所述薄区段的宽度测量为约0.00125英寸。
13.根据权利要求7所述的支架，还包括第一端部、第二端部，在所述纵向上从所述第一端部延伸到所述第二端部的长度，以及多个端部单元格，每个端部单元格包括：
所述纵向延伸元件的端部区段；
互连构件的端部分支；以及
接合构件，所述接合构件将所述端部区段连接到所述端部分支，
其中所述端部单元格邻近所述第一端部和所述第二端部定位并且在所述顺时针方向和所述逆时针方向上重复，并且
其中所述单元格在所述支架的大部分所述长度上纵向重复。
14.一种用于植入体腔中的支架，包括：
大体管状的形状，所述形状包括在周向上测量的周长和在纵向上测量的长度；
多个纵向元件，所述多个纵向元件在所述支架的大部分所述长度上延伸，所述多个纵向元件各自包括多个交替的柔性区段和刚性区段，
其中多个所述柔性区段中的每个和多个所述刚性区段中的每个为所述支架提供结构支撑，并且
其中多个所述柔性区段在所述纵向或所述周向上各自包括比多个所述刚性区段中的每个更大的柔韧性；
多个互连构件，所述多个互连构件各自在所述周向上连接所述多个纵向元件中的两个相邻的纵向元件并且各自包括多个分支；以及
多个节点，所述多个节点定位在所述多个纵向元件中的每个上在所述多个交替的柔性区段和刚性区段中的每个之间，所述多个节点中的每个将所述多个分支中的一分支连接到所述多个纵向元件中的一纵向元件。
15.根据权利要求14所述的支架，其中所述柔性区段包括薄宽度，所述刚性区段包括厚宽度，并且所述厚宽度大于所述薄宽度。
16. 根据权利要求14所述的支架，其中所述多个分支包括柔性分支和刚性分支，所述柔性分支在所述纵向或所述周向上包括比所述刚性分支更大的柔韧性。
17.根据权利要求14所述的支架，其中
所述纵向元件各自包括波形，所述波形包括多个峰和多个波谷，
所述多个节点中的每个定位在所述多个峰中的一峰处或所述多个波谷中的一波谷处，并且
所述多个互连构件中的每个将来自所述两个相邻的纵向元件中的第一纵向元件的多个峰连接到来自所述两个相邻的纵向元件中的第二纵向元件的多个波谷。
18.一种制造支架的方法，包括：
提供包括周向和纵向的弹性管材；
切割所述管材以形成在所述纵向上延伸的柔性支柱和刚性支柱的第一交替图案，如针对各自在所述纵向上所测量的，所述柔性支柱中的每个比所述刚性支柱中的每个更具柔性；
将多个第一节点定位在所述第一交替图案的所述柔性支柱和所述刚性支柱的每个交点处；
切割所述管材以形成多个第一分支，所述多个第一分支各自从所述多个第一节点中的每个延伸；
切割所述管材以形成柔性支柱和刚性支柱的至少一个相邻的交替图案，所述至少一个相邻的交替图案在所述纵向上延伸并且在所述周向上邻近所述第一交替图案而定位；以及
将所述多个第一分支连接到所述至少一个相邻的交替图案。
19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，还包括：
切割所述柔性支柱中的每个以在第一对相邻节点之间包括大体均匀的薄宽度；以及
切割所述刚性支柱中的每个以在所述多个节点中的第二对相邻节点之间包括大体均匀的厚宽度，每个柔性支柱的所述薄宽度测量为小于每个刚性支柱的所述厚宽度。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，还包括切割多个中间分支，所述多个中间分支各自从所述多个第一分支中的一分支延伸，并且所述多个中间分支各自包括小于从其延伸的所述分支的宽度的宽度。
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