CN110916010A - 一种无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料 - Google Patents
一种无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110916010A CN110916010A CN201911142592.XA CN201911142592A CN110916010A CN 110916010 A CN110916010 A CN 110916010A CN 201911142592 A CN201911142592 A CN 201911142592A CN 110916010 A CN110916010 A CN 110916010A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料。该添加剂由低分子壳寡糖、黄芩黄酮锌、枯草芽孢杆菌、植酸酶、微量元素FeSO4.7H2O、CuSO4.5H2O、MnSO4.H2O、ZnSO4.7H2O、KIO3、Na2SeO3、氯化胆碱、复合维生素及适量载体配制而成，添加在肉鸡饲料中可降低肉鸡体脂沉积，改善肉鸡胴体性能，提高抗氧化应激能力，实现肉鸡健康生长，具有安全、经济、高效等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于家禽饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有降低体脂沉积和提高抗氧化功能的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料。
背景技术
我国肉鸡业已全面走向规模化、现代化和集团化生产，但快速生长的肉鸡往往胴体脂肪沉积过多，加之规模化集约化养殖各种应激的影响，而更易使体内自由基的平衡状态受到破坏，造成肉鸡对疫病的易感性增加、脂质过氧化，肉品质下降，极大降低了肉鸡的胴体品质和商品价值。所以，肉鸡的脂代谢和肉品质调控、抗氧化应激调控以及健康安全养殖已成为业界普遍关注并力图解决的问题之一。
很多的研究或专利技术试图通过营养途径调控解决这一问题。其主要方案主要通过动物日粮配制、原料组成或一些活性添加物实现上述目的。如赵玉妹的专利(申请号：201310478598.0)发明了用于一种提高黄羽肉鸡酮体品质和风味的中药组合物饲料添加剂；付潘潘的专利(申请号：201310120162.4)公开了一种能降低肉鸡血脂、促进肉鸡生产性能的鸡饲料及饲料添加剂；吕明斌的专利(申请号：201310384885.5)提供了一种用于改善肉鸡脂肪代谢和胴体品质的全价饲料；胡忠泽的专利(申请号：201410099814.5)提供一种能降低肉鸡体脂沉积的复合饲料添加剂；彭运智的专利(申请号：201510483337.7)公开了一种具有高屠宰率和低腹脂率的肉鸡饲料及其制备方法；凌彩金的专利(申请号：201710784393.3)发明了一种提高肉鸡生长性能及抗氧化能力的茶叶饲料配方及制备方法；谢正露的专利(申请号：201811606832.2)涉及一种降低肉鸡脂肪含量的饲料配方及喂养方法”等等。这些技术方法和专利产品为家禽体脂代谢、肉品质调控及抗氧化能力的调控发挥了积极作用，各自在原料供应、性能目标或制作方法等各有特点，但同时带来特定的生产要求或应用局限。如赵玉妹的专利关注黄羽肉鸡酮体品质和风味的中药组合物饲料添加剂，未涉及体脂沉积和其它性能；付潘潘的专利中使用了1-10％生物质炭饲料添加剂能促进肉鸡生产性能，降低腹脂率和料肉比，此生物质炭饲料添加剂制备需经过限氧、低温过程，其制备条件不易控制，制作过程比较繁琐，在现代肉鸡规模化养殖中不易实现；胡忠泽的专利中需使用三甲胺、植物多酚、小檗碱和决明子等成分，其中小檗碱和决明子属于中草药，并不易获得，而三甲胺属于化工原料，对人体健康存在风险且属于易燃易爆品。吕明斌、彭运智和谢正露的专利主要目标是降低体脂，没有涉及抗氧化等其他效能，而凌彩金的专利中茶叶饲料来源有一定的地域局限等。
另外，已公开的饲料添加剂预混料专利中，如洪翊棻“一种含枯草芽孢杆菌的猪用人工乳精预混料及应用”(申请号：201210313114.2)；唐春祥“一种用于修复仔猪肠黏膜损伤的复合饲料添加剂”(申请号：201310081322.9)；张艳芳“一种改善仔猪腹泻率的饲料添加剂”申请号：201410312338.0；曾小清“一种无抗富硒蛋鸡饲料添加剂的配制方法”(申请号：201610045142.9)等，其部分公开过如壳寡糖、枯草芽孢杆菌等，但均未有在全价日粮中替代抗生素的作用，我国饲料添加剂管理的法规或质量标准也不断完善，我国将于2020年7月1日起全面禁抗，我国迫切需要能提高畜禽产品的质量和品质，同时在减少抗生素使用的情况下对动物健康生长有益，对消费者的健康有益无害的饲料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有降低体脂沉积和提高抗氧化功能的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料。
本发明的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料，以重量份计，由5800份低分子量壳寡糖、160份黄芩黄酮锌、1000份枯草芽孢杆菌、120份植酸酶、673.37份FeSO4.7H2O、48.54份CuSO4.5H2O、256.71份MnSO4.H2O、420.44份ZnSO4.7H2O、0.60份KIO3、0.34份Na2SeO3、2600份氯化胆碱、200份复合维生素和8720份沸石粉组成。
优选，所述的低分子量壳寡糖是分子量为1200Da-3600Da的壳寡糖。
更优选，所述的低分子量壳寡糖是2400Da壳寡糖。
本发明还提供所述的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料在降低肉鸡体脂沉积和提高肉鸡抗氧化功能中的应用。
优选，所述的应用，是将所述的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料以质量分数2％的比例加入到肉鸡基础日粮中。
优选，所述的肉鸡基础日粮，以重量份计，由53-58份3级玉米粉、1.36-1.67份麸皮、2.9-2.91份脂肪粉、25.6-35份3级豆粕、2-5.85份玉米蛋白粉、1.7-2份磷酸氢钙、1.51-1.56份贝壳粉、0.17份蛋氨酸和0.3份食盐组成。
本发明针对现有技术的特点和应用的局限以及我国饲料工业发展的最新要求，提供一种符合最新饲料生产需求和饲料法规要求，肉鸡饲料中能不用抗生素但保障肉鸡健康生长、有效降低肉鸡脂肪沉积、提高胴体性能和抗氧化应激能力的添加剂预混料。
本发明的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料中主要成分为分子大小2400Da壳寡糖。其理化特性为：外观为黄色自由流动粉末，无气味，堆积密度为0.45g/ml，目数≧100目，脱乙酰度为85.4％，不溶性为0.02％，水分6.54％，灰分1.87％，pH为5.58，结果符合企业标准Q/ZAX09-2012。结构如下：
本发明深入研究确定了发挥最佳生物学功能的特定分子壳寡糖，主要利用高效降脂和抗氧化活性分子大小为2400Da的单一分子壳寡糖为核心材料，另外辅以具有抗菌提高免疫力、抗应激能力的添加剂黄芩黄酮锌和枯草芽孢杆菌以及提高养分利用能力的安全环保型饲料添加剂植酸酶等配制和构建添加剂预混料，利用多种活性成分的组合效应，实现肉鸡全价饲料中不用抗生素，但能保障健康生长，提高动物抗氧化应激能力，并降低体脂沉积、改善胴体性能。发展绿色畜牧业、保证畜禽的食品安全，具有重要的经济效益和社会效益。
本发明的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料主要优势有以下两个方面：
(1)降低肉鸡体脂沉积，改善肉鸡胴体性能。
低分子壳寡糖具有明显调节脂肪代谢的效应，以其为核心的添加剂预混料可降低肉鸡皮下脂肪和肌肉间脂肪沉积及腹脂率，提高胸肌率和全净膛率，改善胴体品质。
(2)提高肉鸡抗氧化应激能力，可减少或不用抗生素，可保障动物健康生长。
低分子壳寡糖属于纯天然有机产品，无毒副作用，具有抗菌免疫及抗氧化应激活性；黄酮锌和枯草芽孢杆菌具有抗菌提高免疫力、抗应激能力；植酸酶可提高磷利用能力，配以最新研究得出的适宜水平微量元素及肉鸡专用复合维生素，其组合效应保障动物健康、正常生长和产肉性能，具有安全、经济、高效等优点。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例中所用各原料规格及来源如下所示：
实施例1：不同分子大小壳寡糖效果分析
本试验通过对比在日粮中添加不同分子大小(<5000Da)壳寡糖对0-8周龄快大型麻鸡生长、胴体品质及抗氧化状态的影响，发掘具有最佳效应和分子大小的壳寡糖。
1材料与方法
1.1试验设计与动物分组
试验采用单因子完全随机设计，选用健康、体重相近的1日龄快大型麻鸡(肉鸡)400只，随机分为5个处理组，每个处理8个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验分两个阶段：0-4,5-8周龄。采用层叠式笼养，粉料饲喂，自由采食和饮水，对鸡群进行常规保温、通风和免疫接种。
1.2试验材料及日粮配制
基础日粮参考我国肉鸡0-4、5-8周龄的营养水平及本研究室前期研究的营养特点配制的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮，向各组日粮中添加预混料，使饲粮中壳寡糖终浓度为质量分数0.58％，壳寡糖分子大小分别为0(即为基础饲粮，不添加壳寡糖)、600、1200、2400和3600Da壳寡糖，其对应分别来源于大连中科格莱克生物科技生物有限公司、惠州长龙生物技术有限公司、浙江澳兴生物科技有限公司和青岛博智汇力生物科技有限公司。该预混料组成为：(对应不同分子大小的)壳寡糖5800mg、黄芩黄酮锌160mg、枯草芽孢杆菌1000mg、植酸酶120mg、微量元素(FeSO4.7H2O 673.37mg、CuSO4.5H2O 48.54mg、MnSO4.H2O 256.71mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 420.44mg、KIO3 0.60mg、Na2SeO3 0.34mg)、氯化胆碱2600mg、复合维生素200mg和载体沸石粉8720mg。
基础日粮组成及营养水平见表1、表2。
表1 0-4周龄日粮组成(风干基础)和营养水平(DM基础)
表2 5-8周龄日粮组成(风干基础)和营养水平(DM基础)
1.3生长性能观测
试验期每周统计各组投料量和剩料量、记录鸡只发病、死亡和淘汰情况；试验每个阶段前后以重复为单位空腹称重，计算平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比。
1.4屠宰试验及体脂测定
试验末，分别从各组按平均体重抽取8只鸡(每笼1只)屠宰，测定屠宰性能指标及体脂含量。
1.5抗氧化指标测定
试验末，分别从各组按平均体重抽取8只鸡(每笼1只)，翅静脉采血，室温静置至有少量血清析出后，3000r/min离心10min，分离出血清。血清中MDA含量采用TBA法测定，SOD活性和GSH-Px采用WST-1法测定，具体操作参照南京建成生物工程研究所生产的试剂盒说明书。
1.6统计分析
利用SAS软件包(The SAS System for Windows V8)中的ANOVA过程进行方差分析，用Duncan氏法进行多重比较。试验结果以“平均值±标准误”形式表示。
2结果
2.1不同分子大小壳寡糖对快大型麻鸡生长性能的影响
由表3可以看出，4周末体重范围513-540g，8周末体重范围1637.00-1694g，各组间平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表3不同分子大小壳寡糖对快大型麻鸡生长性能的影响
2.2不同分子量壳寡糖对快大型麻鸡胴体品质的影响
由表4可以看出，屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率组间差异不显著(p>0.05)，但添加壳寡糖有提高全净膛率(p＝0.096)、胸肌率(p＝0.079)的趋势，分子2400Da和1200Da的壳寡糖组趋于最高。添加不同分子量的壳寡糖有效降低了皮下脂肪和肌间脂肪沉积(p<0.05)，分子2400Da和3600Da的壳寡糖效果显著；添加不同分子的壳寡糖有降低腹脂的趋势(p＝0.088)。
表4不同分子大小壳寡糖对快大型麻鸡胴体品质的影响
注：同行数据无肩标或肩标有相同小写字母者表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，肩标小写字母完全不同者表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
2.3不同分子大小壳寡糖对快大型麻鸡抗氧化性能的影响
由表5可知，不同分子量的壳寡糖对肉鸡的抗氧化性能也有一定的影响。与对照组相比，分子质量大于1200Da壳寡糖各组的GSH-Px活性显著提高(P<0.05)，而添加低分子壳寡糖使血清中的MDA含量趋于下降。
表5不同分子大小壳寡糖对快大型麻鸡抗氧化性能的影响
综上结果，添加壳寡糖对肉鸡的生长性能没有明显影响，但显著降低了体脂沉积，分子大于2400Da壳寡糖的效果更为明显；分子大于1200Da壳寡糖均提高了肉鸡的抗氧化水平。
实施例2：添加剂预混料效果比较
1材料与方法
1.1试验设计与动物分组
本试验选用快大型麻鸡作为试验鸡。试验共选取1日龄雏鸡180只，设3组，每组设6重复，每个重复10只鸡。
1.2试验饲粮
试验采用玉米—豆粕型基础日粮，采用2400Da壳寡糖配制添加剂预混料，3组产品分别为：
(1)对照组：每1kg日粮中添加微量元素(FeSO4.7H2O 673.37mg、CuSO4.5H2O48.54mg、MnSO4.H2O 256.71mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 420.44mg、KIO3 0.60mg、Na2SeO3 0.34mg)、氯化胆碱2600mg、复合维生素200mg和载体沸石粉15800mg；
(2)抗生素组：在对照组基础上添加抗生素，添加量为每1kg日粮中添加5mg杆菌肽锌，载体沸石粉用量替换为为15795mg；
(3)壳寡糖复合组：在每1kg日粮中添加2400Da壳寡糖5800mg、黄芩黄酮锌160mg、枯草芽孢杆菌1000mg、植酸酶120mg、微量元素(FeSO4.7H2O 673.37mg、CuSO4.5H2O48.54mg、MnSO4.H2O 256.71mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 420.44mg、KIO3 0.60mg、Na2SeO3 0.34mg)、氯化胆碱2600mg、复合维生素200mg和载体沸石粉8720mg。
日粮营养水平参考我国肉鸡0-4，5-8周龄的营养标准，具体日粮组成及营养水平如实施例1表1、表2所示。
1.3饲养管理
试验分两个阶段：0-4,5-8周龄。采用三层层叠式笼养，粉料饲喂，自由采食和饮水，但鸡群饲养通风、卫生条件较差，同时饲养环境温度偏高，尤其后期温度高于正常范围，分别于11日龄对每只鸡由腹部皮下注射0.3mL H5N1禽流感灭活疫苗首免，28日龄用相同疫苗对每只鸡由腹部皮下注射0.2ml二免。
1.4指标测定及分析统计
血清样品中增加禽流感抗体滴度的测定(用微量法血凝抑制试验)，其它同实施例1。
2结果
2.1饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡生长性能的影响
由表6可知，和对照组相比，4周末重抗生素组及壳寡糖复合组趋于升高，其它指标相近；8周末增重和饲料利用效率抗生素组及壳寡糖复合组均显著提高(P<0.05)，该两组间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡生长性能的影响
2.2饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡胴体品质的影响
由表7可知，饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡屠体重、全净膛率、半净膛率及腿肌率均无显著作用(P>0.05)，但胸肌率有提高的趋势(P＝0.088)，壳寡糖复合组试鸡的腹脂率和皮下脂肪相较于其它两组显著降低(P<0.05)。
表7饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡胴体品质的影响
2.3饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡抗氧化性能的影响
由表8可知，饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡的抗氧化性能有明显影响。与对照组相比，抗生素及壳聚糖复合组SOD显著提高(P<0.05)，GSH-Px活性趋于升高(P＝0.092)，MDA趋于下降(P＝0.085)。
表8饲粮不同添加剂预混料对0-8周龄快大型麻鸡抗氧化性能的影响
2.4饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡免疫功能的影响
由表9可知，饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡的免疫器官指数有明显影响。与对照组相比，抗生素组及壳寡糖复合组胸腺指数、脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05)。壳寡糖复合组的禽流感抗体滴度显著高于(P<0.05)对照组。
表9饲粮不同添加剂预混料对快大型麻鸡免疫功能的影响
综上，饲粮不同添加剂预混料组合对肉鸡的生长、胴体性能、体脂沉积、抗氧化性能和免疫功能均有明显影响。添加壳寡糖复合添加剂预混料明显促进了肉鸡的生长速度和饲料利用效率，显著降低了肉鸡体脂沉积，提高抗氧化功能和免疫状态。壳寡糖复合添加剂预混料的综合效应达到了比添加抗生素更优的效果。
Claims (6)
1.一种无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料，其特征在于，以重量份计，由5800份低分子量壳寡糖、160份黄芩黄酮锌、1000份枯草芽孢杆菌、120份植酸酶、673.37份FeSO4.7H2O、48.54份CuSO4.5H2O、256.71份MnSO4.H2O、420.44份ZnSO4.7H2O、0.60份KIO3、0.34份Na2SeO3、2600份氯化胆碱、200份复合维生素和8720份沸石粉组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料，其特征在于，所述的低分子量壳寡糖是分子量为1200Da-3600 Da的壳寡糖。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料，其特征在于，所述的低分子量壳寡糖是分子量为2400Da的壳寡糖。
4.权利要求1所述的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料在降低肉鸡体脂沉积和提高肉鸡抗氧化功能中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，是将权利要求1所述的无抗肉鸡饲料添加剂预混料以质量分数2％的比例加入到肉鸡基础日粮中。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的肉鸡基础日粮，以重量份计，由53-58份3级玉米粉、1.36-1.67份麸皮、2.9-2.91份脂肪粉、25.6-35份3级豆粕、2-5.85份玉米蛋白粉、1.7-2份磷酸氢钙、1.51-1.56份贝壳粉、0.17份蛋氨酸和0.3份食盐组成。
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