CN110915987A - Method for producing feed by comprehensively utilizing tea leaves - Google Patents
Method for producing feed by comprehensively utilizing tea leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915987A CN110915987A CN201911410772.1A CN201911410772A CN110915987A CN 110915987 A CN110915987 A CN 110915987A CN 201911410772 A CN201911410772 A CN 201911410772A CN 110915987 A CN110915987 A CN 110915987A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing feed by comprehensively utilizing tea leaves, and belongs to the field of feed processing. Tea polyphenol is extracted from tea leaves serving as a raw material, microwave pretreatment is carried out before extraction, complex enzyme hydrolysis is carried out during extraction, three-stage ultrasonic extraction is adopted, vacuum concentration and spray drying are matched after extraction, and the extraction rate and the purity of the obtained tea polyphenol are high; then compounding the extracted tea polyphenol with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid and citric acid monoglyceride to obtain a compound antioxidant; meanwhile, the residual tea leaf residues after the tea polyphenol extraction are utilized for fermentation, a fermentation substrate is only added with a small amount of glucose on the basis of the tea leaf residues, the composite fermentation is carried out by multiple microbial fermentation agents of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes and bacillus coagulans, and a composite antioxidant is added, so that the feed which is rich in nutrition, good in palatability, strong in antioxidant function and suitable for industrial production is prepared, and the comprehensive utilization of tea leaf resources in the field of feed processing is fully realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for producing feed by comprehensively utilizing tea leaves, and belongs to the field of feed processing.
Background
Tea Polyphenols (TP), also known as tea tannins and tea tannins, are the general names of polyhydroxy compounds contained in tea leaves, accounting for about 25% of the dry weight of tea leaves, especially the highest content of green tea, and mainly comprise catechins, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, depside and polymerized phenols. The tea polyphenol is a novel natural antioxidant because of a plurality of active hydroxyl groups in the chemical structure, and has obvious biological activities of resisting aging, eliminating free radicals, inhibiting bacteria, sterilizing, reducing blood sugar, preventing and treating atherosclerosis, inhibiting tumor cells, resisting radiation and the like. Has wide application prospect in the fields of food processing, medicine, daily chemical industry, feed and the like. The existing process for extracting tea polyphenol from tea leaves comprises a solvent extraction method, an ion precipitation method, a column separation preparation method and the like, and still has the defects of high production cost, low extraction efficiency, unsuitability for industrial production and the like. Meanwhile, the effect of tea polyphenol is poor when the tea polyphenol is used as an antioxidant alone, so that the problem to be solved in the field is that the antioxidant which is wide in effect, strong in antioxidant function and small in dosage is obtained by compounding. In addition, the residue after the tea polyphenol is extracted from the tea leaves still contains abundant proteins, lipids, cellulose and the like, and most of the existing processes directly discard the residue, so that the environmental pollution and the resource waste are greatly caused, and the comprehensive utilization of the tea leaves cannot be realized.
In conclusion, how to extract tea polyphenol with high efficiency and low cost and obtain a compound antioxidant with strong antioxidant function and fully realize the comprehensive utilization of tea resources in the field of feed processing is a technical problem to be researched and developed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing feed by comprehensively utilizing tea in order to overcome the defects in the prior art. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
(1) and (3) extracting tea polyphenol:
a. taking fresh and clean tea raw materials, carrying out microwave treatment, cooling and crushing to obtain tea powder;
b. adding water into tea powder, mixing, adding cellulase and pectinase, maintaining at 40-45 deg.C for 2-3 hr, and placing in boiling water bath for 3-5min to obtain enzymatic hydrolysate;
c. adding 50% ethanol solution into the enzymolysis solution to perform multi-stage ultrasonic extraction;
d. centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution and a precipitate;
e. vacuum concentrating the extractive solution, and spray drying to obtain tea polyphenols.
(2) Preparing a compound antioxidant:
and compounding the extracted tea polyphenol with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid and citric acid monoglyceride to obtain the compound antioxidant.
(3) Production of fermented feed:
drying and crushing the precipitate obtained by centrifuging in the step (1), adding glucose, mixing, inoculating a microbial starter for fermentation, adding the compound antioxidant prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing, and introducing into a granulator for granulation to obtain a feed finished product.
Preferably, the power of the microwave treatment in the step (1) is 200-;
preferably, in step (1), the ratio of 1: adding water in a feed liquid mass ratio of 30-50, wherein the addition amount of the cellulase is 20-40mg/L, and the addition amount of the pectinase is 45-60 mg/L;
preferably, the conditions of the multi-stage ultrasonic extraction in the step (1) are as follows: extracting at 20-30 deg.C for 30-60min, extracting at 40-60 deg.C for 30-60min, and extracting at 65-85 deg.C for 10-20 min;
preferably, the vacuum concentration in step (1) is carried out under the conditions of 0.03-0.06MPa and the spray drying is carried out under the conditions of 40-60 ℃;
preferably, the compounding ratio of the tea polyphenol to the ethoxyquinoline, the glutathione, the phosphoric acid and the citric acid monoglyceride in the step (2) is 1: (0.5-0.8): (0.5-0.8): (0.1-0.3): (0.1-0.3);
preferably, the precipitate is dried in the step (3) until the moisture content is lower than 5% to serve as a fermentation substrate, and the addition amount of glucose is 5% of the fermentation substrate;
preferably, the inoculation amount of the microbial starter in the step (3) is 5-10%, and the strains are lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes and bacillus coagulans which are added according to the ratio of 1:1: 1;
preferably, the fermentation condition in the step (3) is fermentation at 35-45 ℃ for 24-72 h;
preferably, the compound antioxidant in the step (3) is added according to 1-5% of the weight of the fermented feed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, tea polyphenol is extracted from tea raw materials, microwave pretreatment is carried out before extraction, cellulase and pectinase are selected for compound hydrolysis during extraction, three-stage ultrasonic extraction is adopted, vacuum concentration and spray drying are matched after extraction, the production process is taken as a unified whole, scientific and complete process, the molecular structure of tea can be changed, the dissolution of tea polyphenol substances is facilitated, the extraction rate and purity of the obtained tea polyphenol are high, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and industrial large-scale production can be realized.
(2) The antioxidant added into the feed selects natural tea polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, and is compounded with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid, citric acid monoglyceride, and the components are mixed according to a specific proportion, so that multiple functions of antioxidation, emulsification, synergism and the like are fully exerted, the addition amount in the feed is less, the cost is reduced, and the antioxidation effect can be enhanced.
(3) The invention also utilizes the residual tea leaf residues after the tea polyphenol extraction for fermentation, and the fermentation substrate only adds a small amount of glucose on the basis of the tea leaf residues without additionally supplementing a carbon source and a nitrogen source. The fermented feed finally obtained is rich in nutrition and good in palatability through composite fermentation of a plurality of microbial fermentation agents including lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes and bacillus coagulans. Tea is used for extracting tea polyphenol, the extracted residues are used as substrates to be fermented to obtain the feed, and the fermented feed is added with the compound antioxidant containing the tea polyphenol, so that the feed which is rich in nutrition, good in palatability, strong in antioxidant function and suitable for industrial production is obtained, and the comprehensive utilization of tea resources in the field of feed processing is realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention given by way of examples, without limiting the scope of the invention as claimed. Unless otherwise specified, various starting materials of the present invention are commercially available or prepared according to conventional methods in the art.
Example 1
(1) And (3) extracting tea polyphenol:
taking fresh and clean tea raw materials, placing in a microwave with the power of 200W for 30s, cooling and crushing to obtain tea powder;
according to the following steps: 30, adding water into the tea powder according to the material liquid mass ratio, uniformly mixing, then adding 40mg/L cellulase and 45mg/L pectinase, keeping the mixture at 40 ℃ for 3 hours, and then placing the mixture in a boiling water bath for 3min to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate;
adding 50% ethanol solution into the enzymolysis solution for multi-stage ultrasonic extraction: extracting at 20 deg.C for 60min, at 40 deg.C for 60min, and at 65 deg.C for 20 min;
centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution and a precipitate;
vacuum concentrating the extractive solution under 0.06MPa, and spray drying at 40 deg.C to obtain tea polyphenols.
(2) Preparing a compound antioxidant:
compounding the extracted tea polyphenol with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid and citric acid monoglyceride to obtain the compound antioxidant, wherein the compounding ratio is as follows: 1: 0.5: 0.8: 0.1: 0.3.
(3) production of fermented feed:
drying the precipitate obtained by the centrifugation in the step (1) until the water content is lower than 5% to serve as a fermentation substrate, crushing the precipitate, adding 5% of glucose into the crushed precipitate, mixing the crushed precipitate and the glucose, inoculating 5% of a microbial starter (mixed strain is lactobacillus plantarum: saccharomycetes: bacillus coagulans ═ 1:1:1), and fermenting the mixture at 35 ℃ for 72 hours;
and (3) adding the prepared composite antioxidant after fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the composite antioxidant is 1% of the weight of the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and introducing into a granulator for granulation to obtain a feed finished product.
Example 2
(1) And (3) extracting tea polyphenol:
taking fresh and clean tea raw materials, placing the tea raw materials in microwave treatment for 15s with the power of 400W, cooling and crushing to obtain tea powder;
according to the following steps: adding water into tea powder at a feed liquid mass ratio of 50, mixing uniformly, adding 20mg/L cellulase and 60mg/L pectinase, keeping at 45 ℃ for 2h, and placing in a boiling water bath for 5min to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate;
adding 50% ethanol solution into the enzymolysis solution for multi-stage ultrasonic extraction: extracting at 30 deg.C for 30min, at 60 deg.C for 30min, and at 85 deg.C for 10 min;
centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution and a precipitate;
vacuum concentrating the extractive solution under 0.03MPa, and spray drying at 60 deg.C to obtain tea polyphenols.
(2) Preparing a compound antioxidant:
compounding the extracted tea polyphenol with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid and citric acid monoglyceride to obtain the compound antioxidant, wherein the compounding ratio is as follows: 1: 0.8: 0.5: 0.3: 0.1.
(3) production of fermented feed:
drying the precipitate obtained by the centrifugation in the step (1) until the water content is lower than 5 percent to be used as a fermentation substrate, crushing the precipitate, adding 5 percent of glucose into the crushed precipitate, mixing the crushed precipitate and the glucose, inoculating 10 percent of microbial starter (the strain is lactobacillus plantarum: saccharomycete: bacillus coagulans ═ 1:1:1), and fermenting the mixture for 24 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃;
and (3) adding the prepared composite antioxidant after fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the composite antioxidant is 3% of the weight of the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and introducing into a granulator for granulation to obtain a feed finished product.
Example 3
(1) And (3) extracting tea polyphenol:
taking fresh and clean tea raw materials, placing the tea raw materials in a microwave with the power of 300W for 20s, cooling and crushing to obtain tea powder;
according to the following steps: 40, adding water into the tea powder, uniformly mixing, adding 30mg/L cellulase and 50mg/L pectinase, keeping the mixture at 42 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then placing the mixture in a boiling water bath for 4min to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate;
adding 50% ethanol solution into the enzymolysis solution for multi-stage ultrasonic extraction: extracting at 25 deg.C for 45min, at 50 deg.C for 45min, and at 75 deg.C for 15 min;
centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution and a precipitate;
vacuum concentrating the extractive solution under 0.05MPa, and spray drying at 50 deg.C to obtain tea polyphenols.
(2) Preparing a compound antioxidant:
compounding the extracted tea polyphenol with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid and citric acid monoglyceride to obtain the compound antioxidant, wherein the compounding ratio is as follows: 1: 0.6: 0.7: 0.2: 0.2.
(3) production of fermented feed:
drying the precipitate obtained by the centrifugation in the step (1) until the water content is lower than 5 percent to be used as a fermentation substrate, crushing the precipitate, adding 5 percent of glucose into the crushed precipitate, mixing the crushed precipitate and the glucose, inoculating 8 percent of microbial starter (the strain of the starter is lactobacillus plantarum: saccharomycete: bacillus coagulans ═ 1:1) and fermenting the mixture for 48 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃;
and (3) after the fermentation is finished, adding the prepared composite antioxidant, wherein the adding amount of the composite antioxidant is 5% of the weight of the fermented feed, uniformly mixing, and introducing into a granulator for granulation to obtain a feed finished product.
The present invention is illustrated by the above-mentioned examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it is not meant to imply that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow to be practiced. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing feed by comprehensively utilizing tea leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) extracting tea polyphenol:
a. taking fresh and clean tea raw materials, carrying out microwave treatment, cooling and crushing to obtain tea powder;
b. adding water into tea powder, mixing, adding cellulase and pectinase, maintaining at 40-45 deg.C for 2-3 hr, and placing in boiling water bath for 3-5min to obtain enzymatic hydrolysate;
c. adding 50% ethanol solution into the enzymolysis solution to perform multi-stage ultrasonic extraction;
d. centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution and a precipitate;
e. vacuum concentrating the extractive solution, and spray drying to obtain tea polyphenols;
(2) preparing a compound antioxidant:
compounding the tea polyphenol extracted in the step (1) with ethoxyquinoline, glutathione, phosphoric acid and citric acid monoglyceride to obtain a composite antioxidant;
(3) production of fermented feed:
drying and crushing the precipitate obtained by centrifuging in the step (1), adding glucose, mixing, inoculating a microbial starter for fermentation, adding the compound antioxidant prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing, and introducing into a granulator for granulation to obtain a feed finished product.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of the microwave treatment in step (1) is 200-400W and the time is 15-30 s.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1) the ratio of 1: 30-50 of feed liquid mass ratio, water is added, the addition amount of the cellulase is 20-40mg/L, and the addition amount of the pectinase is 45-60 mg/L.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions of the multi-stage ultrasonic extraction in step (1) are as follows: extracting at 20-30 deg.C for 30-60min, extracting at 40-60 deg.C for 30-60min, and extracting at 65-85 deg.C for 10-20 min.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum concentration in step (1) is carried out under a pressure of 0.03 to 0.06 MPa.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spray-drying conditions in step (1) are 40-60 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compounding ratio of the tea polyphenol to the ethoxyquinoline, the glutathione, the phosphoric acid and the citric acid monoglyceride in the step (2) is 1: (0.5-0.8): (0.5-0.8): (0.1-0.3): (0.1-0.3).
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precipitate is dried in step (3) to a moisture content of less than 5% as a fermentation substrate, and glucose is added in an amount of 5% of the fermentation substrate.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount of the microbial starter in the step (3) is 5% -10%, the strains are lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes and bacillus coagulans which are added according to a ratio of 1:1:1, and the fermentation condition is that the fermentation is carried out for 24-72 hours at 35-45 ℃.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complex antioxidant in step (3) is added in an amount of 1-5% by weight of the fermented feed.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112617016A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-09 | 宜兴市天石饲料有限公司 | Compound feed prepared from effective components in tea |
| CN114042114A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-15 | 宜兴市天石饲料有限公司 | Preparation method of tea polyphenol by adopting ethyl acetate extraction |
| CN116114790A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-05-16 | 翁源县新南都饲料科技有限公司 | Fermented feed for enzymolysis of tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN117678656A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-03-12 | 广东广牧动物保健品有限公司 | Composition containing black tea polyphenol and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN109744364A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-14 | 南京可莱威生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tealeaves residue fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103518975A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-22 | 麦仑(漳州)生物科技有限公司 | Compound antioxidant for animal feeds as well as preparation method of compound antioxidant |
| CN109744364A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-14 | 南京可莱威生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tealeaves residue fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112617016A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-09 | 宜兴市天石饲料有限公司 | Compound feed prepared from effective components in tea |
| CN114042114A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-15 | 宜兴市天石饲料有限公司 | Preparation method of tea polyphenol by adopting ethyl acetate extraction |
| CN116114790A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-05-16 | 翁源县新南都饲料科技有限公司 | Fermented feed for enzymolysis of tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN117678656A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-03-12 | 广东广牧动物保健品有限公司 | Composition containing black tea polyphenol and preparation method and application thereof |
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