CN1109104C - Process for solid state fermentation of monascus and fermenting equipment thereof - Google Patents
Process for solid state fermentation of monascus and fermenting equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1109104C CN1109104C CN97100139A CN97100139A CN1109104C CN 1109104 C CN1109104 C CN 1109104C CN 97100139 A CN97100139 A CN 97100139A CN 97100139 A CN97100139 A CN 97100139A CN 1109104 C CN1109104 C CN 1109104C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for the solid fermentation of monascus and fermenting equipment thereof. A fermenting material in which a carbon source is used as a principal component, and proper quantity of nitrogen sources and a small quantity of inorganic salts are used as auxiliary components is put on a material carrier with a gas flow opening remaining on one side of a horizontal position in a closed container, the fermenting material is inoculated with 10% of monascus strain, and fermented for a plurality of days under the condition that the pressure is less than 10 kg/cm<2>, and the temperature is from 20 to 40 DEG C, and gas flows in a baffling mode along the material carrier in the closed container at the flow speed less than 5 m/s; one or many atomizing units are used to automatically, and intermittently or continuously supply water contents and nutrients to the fermenting material in the closed container; the method can shorten the fermentation time of monascus with the purpose of producing lovastatins, and improve the yield and quality of fermented products.
Description
Summary of the invention:
The present invention relates to a kind of monascus fermentation process and fermentation equipment, particularly process for solid state fermentation of monascus and fermentation equipment thereof.
Background technology:
The monascus fermentation has liquid and solid-state two kinds at present.Solid state fermentation is compared with liquid state fermentation has many advantages: the technical requirements of solid state fermentation is relatively low, is easy to transplant; Can reduce the shared reactor volume of unit volume substrate, higher production concentration is arranged, can reduce the treatment of wastes produced amount, its primary raw materials can be utilized.
Carry out in the tray in bent room so that to produce lovastatin be that the monascus fermentation of purpose is many at present, processing condition are wayward in the fermenting process, such as, the temperature of cultivation and fermentation is by rising or reduce whole bent room temperature and control out of true; Material temperature keeps by repeatedly spreading water, is difficult for grasping; The distributing of fermentation heat stirred material by artificial or machinery repeatedly and dispelled the heat, and stirs material continually, can make that mycelia is destroyed, raw material crushing, ventilation property variation, and easily microbiological contamination, and postponed fermentation time greatly, have a strong impact on monascus tunning quality.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the many defectives that exist in the above-mentioned monascus zymotechnique, provide the artificial or machinery of a kind of release to stir material, adopting automatically, atomizing replenishes moisture content and thalli growth and the needed nutritive substance of metabolism, process for solid state fermentation of monascus that is easy to amplify and fermentation equipment thereof.
Process for solid state fermentation of monascus provided by the invention is:
1. will be the fermentation raw material of main raw material with the carbon source, and add an amount of nitrogenous source and a spot of inorganic salt through soaking, filter to do, and under 120 ℃ of temperature, sterilized 60 minutes;
2. above-mentioned fermentation raw material is stacked at equably on the material loader of one or more layers horizontal positioned in vertical or the sealed horizontal container, and insert 10% monascus specie, one side of every layer of material loader all leaves gas stream and opens one's mouth, the gas stream of the two-layer material loader of whenever being separated by is opened one's mouth in the same side, gas is baffling along material loader and flows in encloses container, flow velocity is less than 5m/s, and encloses container is the band press operation, and pressure is less than 10Kg/cm
2Replenish moisture content and nutrient automatically intermittently or continuously for the fermentation raw material in the encloses container at inner or outside one or more atomisation unit installed of encloses container, humidity remains in 40%～100% scope in the encloses container, nutrition comprises carbon source, organic or inorganic nitrogenous source, inorganic salt, growth hormone etc., and the fogdrop diameter of atomizing is less than 1mm; Leavening temperature is 20 ℃～40 ℃.
3. ferment after a couple of days, be generally 5-8 days, take out the material after fermenting, lyophilize promptly gets monascus fermentation solid product.
Nitrogenous source described in the above-mentioned process for solid state fermentation of monascus comprises organic nitrogen source (peptone, extractum carnis, bean powder etc.) and inorganic nitrogen-sourced (ammonium chloride (NH
4Cl), ammonium nitrate (NH
4NO
3), ammonium sulfate ((NH
4)
2SO
4) etc.), described inorganic salt are magnesium salts (MgSO
4), microcosmic salt (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium primary phosphate etc.), zinc salt (ZnSO
4) etc.
The exchange of encloses container fermentation heat is except that adopting the conventional heat exchange jacket that is placed on the encloses container outside or being placed on the serpentine tube heat-exchanger rig of encloses container inside, can adopt the variation (flow, pressure) of air flowing in the control encloses container to take away high-temperature gas and droplet, and reaching the purpose of removing heat of fermentation with the water vapor heat absorption, gas stream speed is less than 5m/s.
The control of humidity of materials in the fermenting process mainly adopts atomisation unit to carry out intermittence or continuous pulsation spray humidification, helps fermentation materials and is in optimum regime.
Whole fermentation process is in the band pressure condition always, can avoid the microbiological contamination chance greatly like this, adopt the gas flow rate variation pattern, (generally should less than 5m/s), can promote the even of humidity of materials and temperature, in time shifting out of volatile by product, and the transmission of oxygen and the nutrition of carrying secretly in the air, thus make whole fermentation be in good state.
The fermentation equipment that realizes process for solid state fermentation of monascus of the present invention comprises encloses container and atomisation unit.Its encloses container can be tower or box, and the mode of laying can be vertical, also can be horizontal; Be provided with the material loader of single or multiple lift horizontal positioned in the encloses container, the material loader bottom is grid or structure with holes, a side of every layer of material loader all leaves gas stream and opens one's mouth in the encloses container, the gas stream of the material loader of whenever being separated by is opened one's mouth in the same side, makes gas in the encloses container be baffling along material loader and flows; The gas outlet on encloses container top has the control valve of control pressure, its container be operating as the band press operation, pressure range is less than 10Kg/cm
2(gauge pressure).
Atomisation unit can be installed on the bottom in the encloses container, also can be installed on the outside of encloses container, by the atomizing control valve with atomizing nozzle feed every layer of material loader above or below, can every layer of material loader be installed by one or more atomisation unit, also can shared one or more atomisation unit of each layer material loader.Its concrete quantity is determined according to the needs of thalline fermentation in the encloses container.Atomisation unit can be that high velocity air is pulverized atomisation unit, it also can be supersonic atomizer, its atomized liquid can be simple pure water, also can be the aqueous solution that contains nutritive ingredient (carbon source, organic or inorganic nitrogenous source, inorganic salt, VITAMIN, growth hormone etc.).
Fermentation equipment provided by the invention, because thalline is to carry out fermentation reaction in encloses container, so the microbiological contamination chance is few, its material loader is a multilayer, not only can increase output, make thinner that every layer of material can put relatively simultaneously, can increase its ventilation property like this, be beneficial to the diffusion of heat in the fermenting process, one end of material loader is provided with gas stream and opens one's mouth, can make and carry out baffling in the material loader of gas in encloses container and flow, make that thermograde reduces in the container, gas mixes.
The atomisation unit that is provided with as required can be one or more every layer of installation, can which floor be shared one or more, also can entire container with one or more.Atomisation unit can be installed in encloses container inside as required, can be installed in the outside, and the auxiliary and the equipment that can be used as equipment are installed together.
Atomising method adopts methods such as high velocity air comminuting method, ultrasonic atomization.The composition of atomized liquid can be a pure water, also can be the aqueous solution that contains nutrition (carbon source, organic or inorganic nitrogenous source, inorganic salt, VITAMIN, growth hormone etc.).Promptly this fermentation equipment is replenished moisture content and nutrition employing atomised form, with continuous or intermittent mode, the purpose of replenishing moisture content is to keep the moisture content of material in the container and the humidity of air, takes away the heat that fermentation produces, and additional nutrition more helps the accumulation of thalli growth, product.Water or contain nutraceutical solution and form the droplet of diameter less than 1mm by atomisation unit, can with air mixed after enter reactor, also can directly enter reactor, also can directly in container, produce.
Describe this solid state fermentation of monascus equipment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of this solid state fermentation of monascus equipment.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of supersonic atomizer.
Accompanying drawing 3 is pulverized the structural representation of atomisation unit for high velocity air.Wherein:
1-spraying gun control valve 2-atomisation unit 3-air inlet 4-encloses container
The 5-gas stream 6-material loader 7-fermentation materials 8-pneumatic outlet of opening one's mouth
9-pressure valve 10-tensimeter 101-gas inlet 11-gas accelerating chamber
12-atomizing nozzle 13-liquid-inlet 14-fluid reservoir 15-variable valve
16-gas regulation mouth 17-fluid conduits 18-fluid reservoir 19-atomized liquid
22-gas inlet, 20-ultrasonic atomization producer 21-gas-liquid mixed chamber
The 23-traverse baffle 24-25-of gas-liquid separation chamber pneumatic outlet
Know by Fig. 1, the encloses container (4) of the solid state fermentation of monascus equipment that the present invention and embodiment provide is oval jar of shape encloses container of vertical placement, wherein be horizontally installed with eight layers of material loader (6) that is stacked with fermentation materials (7), every layer of material loader (6) one side leave gas stream open one's mouth (5), the gas stream of the material loader of whenever being separated by is opened one's mouth in the same side, and gas is baffling and flows through being equipped with a layer material loader from the bottom to top in encloses container (4).Make the material on every layer of material loader remove machinery and manpower stirring from, help the transmission of heat simultaneously, make its temperature, moisture distribution even.In the outside of encloses container (a 4) side many (9) atomisation units (2) are installed, its atomisation unit (2) is placed in every layer of material loader (6) below in the encloses container (4) by spraying gun control valve (1) with atomizing nozzle respectively, with the superiors' material loaders (6) top, certainly these atomisation units also can be arranged at encloses container inside, can every layer of one or more atomisation unit of material loader, shared one or more atomisation unit of material loader in also can whole encloses container, on the pneumatic outlet (8) on encloses container (4) top pressure valve (9) is installed, its pressure shows by tensimeter (10), encloses container (4) is the band press operation, and pressure range is less than 10Kg/cm
2(gauge pressure).
Atomisation unit can be the high-speed gas atomization device, and the high-speed gas atomization device makes that with air-flow and liquid separation to be atomized the atomized liquid scale of construction is adjustable, and the drop size of atomizing is also adjustable, in conjunction with Fig. 2 this device is described further:
High pressure draft enters gas accelerating chamber (11) arrival liquid atomizing nozzle (12) by gas inlet (101) and locates, liquid enters fluid reservoir (14) by liquid-inlet (13), liquid level can be regulated by liquid control valve (15) in the fluid reservoir (14), the gas of certain pressure enters fluid reservoir (14) through gas regulation mouth (16) and regulates fluid reservoir pressure, fluid reservoir liquid arrives liquid atomizing nozzle (12) through fluid conduits (17) and locates to mix with high velocity air under the certain pressure effect, thereby produces atomization air flow.
This device can be a supersonic atomizer, supersonic atomizer mixes the liquid mist that ultrasonic generator produces with air-flow, through sedimentation, big drop is removed, keep fine droplet, regulating the drop size can be described further in conjunction with Fig. 3 by the control of gas flow and mist generating device.
Atomized liquid (19) in the fluid reservoir (18) atomizes with certain power through ultrasonic atomization producer (20), droplet is suspended in gas-liquid mixed chamber (21) to be mixed with the high pressure gas that through the gas inlet (22) flow into, mixed gas is walked around traverse baffle (23), in gas-liquid separation chamber (24), the droplet of large-size is removed, left mist generating device through pneumatic outlet (25).
Process for solid state fermentation of monascus provided by the invention and fermentation equipment thereof have following advantage:
1. monascus cultivation and fermentation in encloses container is operating as the band press operation, does not have machinery in the fermenting process and stirs and stirring, also need not the manpower stirring in the operation, has so just avoided the microbiological contamination in the operating process fully.
2. except that adopting conventional chuck or heat transfer tube to carry out the heat exchange, absorb heat by the regulator of control encloses container, the variation and the droplet evaporation of gas flow in the fermenting process, thereby remove bulk fermentation heat, make temperature material bed in the fermenting process even, avoid producing big thermograde, thereby help the accumulation of secondary metabolite.
3. adopt atomising method humidification and extra-nutrition thing, can make thalli growth healthy and strong rapidly, thereby shorten fermentation period, improve product quality.
4. the control that changes of regulator in the equipment and gas flow can reduce the volatile meta-bolites greatly to thalli growth and metabolic inhibition, makes in the fermenting process thalli growth and metabolism in shape.
The reaction mass fermentation finished thoroughly1 shortens fermentation time 2-5 days than common process, and the material attenuation degree can be controlled with fermentation time.
Adopt the pulsation humidification that intermittently or continuously atomizes, help fermentation materials and be in optimum regime.
Further specify employing process for solid state fermentation of monascus provided by the invention and the resulting effect of fermentation unit (comparing) thereof below in conjunction with embodiment with the monascus fermentation of routine:
Get the 3Kg rice, soak 24hr, cook, be divided into 3 parts, put into the identical fermentation reactor of three structures respectively No. 1, in the material loader of 35 * 25 * 7cm of No. 2 No. 3, connect the monascus specie of same amount, closed-loop operation, the flow of logical sterile air is 50l/hr, No. 1 reactor is the encloses container of indication of the present invention, during operation, adopts ultrasonic wave will contain the peptone solution atomizing simultaneously, after air-flow mixes, enter reactor, the every 2hr of nebulisation operation carries out once, continues 30 minutes at every turn.Closed-loop operation is adopted in No. 2 reactor operations, does not add moisture content in the fermenting process; Traditional method is adopted in No. 3 reactor operations, be repeatedly to spray water in the fermenting process, a water was mended in the fermentation beginning in preceding 2 days, mended once one day after, it is fixed that rate of water make-up is looked the material situation, after 6 days, three reactors stop fermentation simultaneously, take out the solid fermentation product, No. 1 encloses container formula reactor content fermentation finished thoroughly1, after the product drying, gross weight is 0.41Kg, and lovastatin content is measured as the 20mg/g siccative through HPLC.No. 2 reactor content fermentations are not exclusively most of, and after the product drying, gross weight is 0.85Kg, contains lovastatin content in the material and is measured as the 0.2mg/g siccative through HPLC.No. 3 reactor content fermentations are not exclusively most of, and after the product drying, gross weight is 0.65Kg, contains lovastatin content in the material and is measured as the 8mg/g siccative through HPLC.Repeated experiments for three kinds of reactor operating method shows, No. 1 reactor fermentation promptly reached fermentation termination in 5 days, No. 2 reactors are time expand again, material lovastatin content improves little, the result of No. 3 reactors can repeat, and the proper extension time, as prolonging 2-3 days, can reach better effect, be up to 12mg/g siccative (fermentation time is 9 days) in the experiment.No. 3 the reactor greatest problem is microbiological contamination, in 4 fermentations carrying out, twice microbiological contamination is arranged.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The 3Kg rice is soaked 24hr, and filter is done, and adds an amount of nitrogenous source and inorganic salt, and nitrogenous source is preferably organic nitrogen source, and as peptone, extractum carnis, bean powder etc., inorganic salt are magnesium salts, as MgSO
4, KH
2PO
4, etc., zinc salt, as zinc sulfate etc., get peptone 4%, sal epsom 2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.5%, zinc sulfate 0.2% is put into 121 ℃ of sterilizations of Autoclave 60 minutes, afterwards, be divided into three parts, put into respectively on three layers of material loader of encloses container of fermentation equipment, material loader is of a size of 35 * 25 * 7cm, insert 10% monascus specie, culture temperature is remained on 30 ℃, tank pressure keeps 0.3Kg/cm
2(gauge pressure).Atomisation unit adopts ultrasonic atomization, and water is sterilized water, and every 5hr opens atomisation unit once, each lasting 30 minutes, gas speed was 1cm/s, stopped fermentation after 7 days, take out the solid fermentation product, lyophilize obtains dried solid product 0.55Kg, gets solid drying thing 1g, with the dissolving in 30 minutes of the 70% the third cave ultrasonication, static, get supernatant liquor and measure through HPLC, contain lovastatin 15mg.
Embodiment 2:
Operating process is identical with embodiment 1, change the speed change air inlet into, gas speed increases to 5cm/s by 5mm/s in 2hr, return to 5mm/s afterwards again, stop fermentation after 6 days, take out material, lyophilize, drying solid thing 0.5Kg, get 1g solid drying thing and handle through the described process of embodiment 1, record and contain lovastatin 20mg.
Embodiment 3:
The 1Kg rice is soaked 24hr, and filter is done, and adds 5% peptone, sal epsom 0.2%MgSO
4, 0.2%KH
2PO
4Mixing was put into 121 ℃ of Autoclaves 60 minutes, afterwards, and with its cooling, five equilibrium is put into the reactor that contains double-deck material loader, and material loader is of a size of 35 * 25 * 7cm, inserts 10% monascus specie, remains on 30 ℃ of cultivations, gas is baffling and flows, and flow velocity is 1cm/s, and tank pressure keeps 0.2Kg/cm
2(gauge pressure).Adopt the high-speed gas atomization device with 5% peptone solution with 0.2Kg/cm
2The gas entrainment of pressure sprays in the reactor, and every 10hr carries out once, once continues 20 minutes, ferment after 6 days, stop fermentation, take out fermentation materials, lyophilize, solid product 0.45Kg, product records through embodiment 1 described measuring method that to contain lovastatin content be 25mg.
Claims (8)
1. process for solid state fermentation of monascus is characterized in that:
1. will be the fermentation materials of main raw material with the carbon source, and add nitrogenous source and inorganic salt through soaking, filter to do, and under 120 ℃ of temperature, sterilized 60 minutes;
2. above-mentioned fermentation materials is stacked at equably on the material loader of one or more layers horizontal positioned in vertical or the sealed horizontal container, and insert 10% monascus specie, one side of every layer of material loader all leaves gas stream and opens one's mouth, the gas stream of the two-layer material loader of whenever being separated by is opened one's mouth in the same side, gas is baffling along material loader and flows in encloses container, flow velocity is less than 5m/s, and pressure is less than 10Kg/cm in the encloses container
2Inner or outside one or more atomisation unit of installing of encloses container automatically intermittently or continuously keeps the skin wet and nutrient for the fermentation raw material in the encloses container, humidity remains in the 40%-100% scope in the encloses container, nutrient comprises carbon source, organic nitrogen source, inorganic nitrogen-sourced, inorganic salt or growth hormone, and the fogdrop diameter of atomizing is less than 1mm; Leavening temperature is 20 ℃-40 ℃.
3. ferment after a couple of days, take out the material after fermenting, lyophilize promptly gets monascus fermentation solid product.
2. by the described process for solid state fermentation of monascus of claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic nitrogen source is peptone, extractum carnis or bean powder; Described inorganic nitrogen-sourced be ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate; Described inorganic salt are MgSO
4, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium primary phosphate microcosmic salt or ZnSO
4
3. the solid state fermentation of monascus equipment of a claim 1, form by fermentation reaction container and material loader, it is characterized in that: it is formed and also comprises atomisation unit, wherein fermentation reactor is an encloses container, be provided with the material loader of multilayer horizontal positioned in the encloses container, every layer of material loader one side leaves the gas that makes in the encloses container and is baffling mobile gas stream and opens one's mouth, and the gas stream of the material loader of whenever being separated by is opened one's mouth in the same side; The gas outlet on encloses container top has the control valve of control pressure, one or more atomisation unit is installed on the bottom in the encloses container or is installed in the outside of encloses container, and by the atomizing control valve, with atomizing nozzle be placed in every layer of material loader above or below, every layer one or more atomisation unit, shared one or more atomisation unit of each layer material loader are installed.
4. by the described solid state fermentation of monascus equipment of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described encloses container is tower or box encloses container, and the mode of laying is vertical or horizontal.
5. by the described solid state fermentation of monascus equipment of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described material loader bottom is grid or hole structure.
6. by the described solid state fermentation of monascus equipment of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described encloses container internal pressure is less than 10Kg/cm
2
7. by the described solid state fermentation of monascus equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the atomized liquid in the described atomisation unit is the pure water or the aqueous solution that contains nutrition, and described nutrition is carbon source, organic nitrogen source, inorganic nitrogen-sourced, inorganic salt, VITAMIN or growth hormone.
8. by claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described solid state fermentation of monascus equipment, it is characterized in that: heat exchange jacket or the serpentine tube of portion's installation within it heat-exchanger rig are installed in the outside of described closed unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97100139A CN1109104C (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-01-09 | Process for solid state fermentation of monascus and fermenting equipment thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97100139A CN1109104C (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-01-09 | Process for solid state fermentation of monascus and fermenting equipment thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN1187536A CN1187536A (en) | 1998-07-15 |
| CN1109104C true CN1109104C (en) | 2003-05-21 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN97100139A Expired - Fee Related CN1109104C (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-01-09 | Process for solid state fermentation of monascus and fermenting equipment thereof |
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| US7534602B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2009-05-19 | Food Industry Research & Development Institute | Promoters and usage thereof |
| CN101317660B (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2012-10-24 | 谢键泓 | Method for improving soly solubility of monascus lovastatin in water and application thereof |
| CN101368189B (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2011-04-20 | 西藏月王生物技术有限公司 | Highland barley rice fermented with red yeast and method of producing the same |
| CN102604825A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-25 | 吴江谷力生物科技有限公司 | Functional red rice fermentation equipment |
| CN103468748A (en) * | 2013-09-14 | 2013-12-25 | 福建正味生物科技有限公司 | Method for adjusting and controlling pigment transformation in red yeast rice fermentation process |
| CN108727638B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2020-06-23 | 浙江英玛特生物科技有限公司 | High-strength graphene/graphene oxide film and production method and equipment thereof |
| CN111840397A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-10-30 | 广州三广生物科技有限公司 | Firming and bacteriostatic enzyme liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN118059723A (en) * | 2024-04-22 | 2024-05-24 | 山东秦池酒业有限公司 | Soy sauce flavor type white spirit starter propagation equipment and use method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1030937A (en) * | 1988-04-24 | 1989-02-08 | 明廷余 | Three-dimensional telescopic soft junction structure material containing cultivation device and constructive method thereof |
| CN2324156Y (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1999-06-16 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Solid fermentation reactor |
-
1997
- 1997-01-09 CN CN97100139A patent/CN1109104C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1030937A (en) * | 1988-04-24 | 1989-02-08 | 明廷余 | Three-dimensional telescopic soft junction structure material containing cultivation device and constructive method thereof |
| CN2324156Y (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1999-06-16 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Solid fermentation reactor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 工业微生物 1980-01-01 上海市工业微生物研究所"红曲色素的研究的应用" * |
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