CN110905561B - Weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing initial support structure and construction method - Google Patents
Weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing initial support structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110905561B CN110905561B CN201911295717.2A CN201911295717A CN110905561B CN 110905561 B CN110905561 B CN 110905561B CN 201911295717 A CN201911295717 A CN 201911295717A CN 110905561 B CN110905561 B CN 110905561B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F3/00—Cooling or drying of air
Abstract
A weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure and a construction method belong to the technical field of tunnel support structures, wherein insulating layers are coated inside upper and lower flanges of an arch center; the refrigerating device is composed of an N-type semiconductor, a P-type semiconductor and a metal gasket, the metal gasket is stuck on the arch frame in a staggered manner, and the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor are alternately welded at the crossed position of the metal gasket to be connected into a galvanic couple; the heat dissipation device consists of a communicating pipe, a radiator, a ventilating pipe and an exhaust pipe, an arch center with a refrigerating device is installed after the tunnel is excavated, the radiator is arranged on the inner side of the arch center, and adjacent arch centers are connected by the communicating pipe; the ventilation pipe is inserted into the arch center and led to the tunnel opening, the ventilation pipe is sleeved with the exhaust pipe, and the direct-current power supply is connected with the refrigerating device; the invention can not only form a frozen soil shell on surrounding rocks around the soft section of the tunnel, isolate water and control the deformation of the tunnel without being independently used as a refrigerating system and influencing the action of an arch center, thereby increasing the ventilation of the tunnel and improving the construction environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering supporting structures, particularly relates to a freezing primary supporting structure technology of a weak surrounding rock tunnel, and is particularly suitable for highway and railway tunnels passing through the weak surrounding rock.
Background
In recent years, large traffic infrastructures such as highways and railways are constructed in western mountainous areas, and the number of tunnel engineering projects with extremely complicated terrain and geological conditions is increasing. The weak surrounding rock is one of the most common engineering geological conditions in extremely complex geological conditions, and the tunnel engineering for traversing the weak surrounding rock in the construction of tunnels in western mountain areas is increasing day by day. However, the building of the weak surrounding rock tunnel has been a worldwide problem. A large amount of engineering practices show that when a tunnel is built in a weak surrounding rock area, the problems of water seepage, large deformation, overall displacement and the like easily occur, the situations of tunnel clearance invasion, large-area collapse and the like occur in severe situations, the safety of tunnel constructors is threatened constantly, meanwhile, the engineering cost of the tunnel is increased by times through large-area arch change and collapse treatment, the construction period is delayed, and more serious problems of line diversion, tunnel site abandonment and the like are caused.
In order to prevent the engineering problems of large deformation, collapse, integral displacement, water seepage and the like when the tunnel is constructed in a weak surrounding rock section, the safety of tunnel construction is ensured mainly from three aspects of lightening construction disturbance, increasing lining strength, improving the bearing capacity of surrounding rocks and the like in the tunnel construction process. However, the problems of tunnel water seepage and low surrounding rock bearing capacity and being not suitable for forming a bearing arch are not solved by reducing construction disturbance and increasing lining strength, the grouting method and the freezing method are effective methods for improving the surrounding rock bearing capacity and solving the tunnel water seepage, but foreign matters enter soil when the grouting method is adopted, noise is high, and the environmental pollution is serious, so that the development trend of future engineering construction cannot be gradually met, the traditional freezing method construction is that a steel pipe is driven into a water-rich soil layer, the soil layer is frozen by using circulation of liquid nitrogen to form a hard frozen soil shell, a freezing system needs to be independently installed and debugged before the tunnel construction, the tunnel construction still needs to be carried out according to the traditional tunnel construction steps after the surrounding soil body needing excavation is completely frozen, the components of the freezing system are difficult to disassemble after the tunnel construction is completed, the construction period is long, the construction cost is high, and the method is generally only applied to subways, and (5) construction of coal mines and urban underground pipelines. Therefore, a weak surrounding rock tunnel supporting structure which is simple in construction process and capable of improving the bearing capacity of surrounding rocks around the tunnel under the condition of not polluting the environment is urgently needed, the characteristics of the weak surrounding rocks are improved, and the problems are solved by controlling large deformation and integral displacement of the weak surrounding rock tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the construction method of the weak surrounding rock tunnel, based on the principles of protecting the environment, improving the characteristics of the weak surrounding rock, reducing the construction cost and saving resources, the freezing primary support structure and the construction method of the weak surrounding rock tunnel are provided, and the defects that the traditional construction method of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is complex in process, high in construction cost, serious in pollution to the surrounding environment, incapable of improving the characteristics of the weak surrounding rock, large in deformation, integral in the tunnel and the like are overcome, so that the waste of materials and human resources during the tunnel construction in the weak surrounding rock area is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the safety of the tunnel construction is improved.
The invention relates to a weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure and a construction method, wherein the weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure comprises an arch frame, a refrigerating device, a heat dissipation device and a direct-current power supply; the arch center is a closed ring formed by connecting an upper flange and an arc I-shaped steel coated with an insulating layer in the lower flange through flanges; the refrigerating device consists of an N-type semiconductor, a P-type semiconductor and a metal gasket, the metal gasket is stuck on an upper flange and a lower flange which are coated with an insulating layer by glue in a staggered manner from the lower flange of the arch frame along the circumferential direction until the metal gasket is stuck on the lower flange and is closest to the metal gasket stuck on the lower flange for the first time, and the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor are alternately welded at the crossed position of the lower flange and the metal gasket of the upper flange according to the installation sequence of the metal gaskets to form a series-connected couple pair; the heat sink is composed of a communicating pipe and a heat radiator, the heat radiator comprises rectangular grooves and radiating fins, the heat insulating layer is coated outside the rectangular grooves, external threads matched with the communicating pipes are respectively arranged at two ends of each rectangular groove, the radiating fins are uniformly distributed in the rectangular grooves in parallel to the long edges of the rectangular grooves, the radiators are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the arch frames, notches are welded on the outer sides of lower flanges, the radiators of adjacent arch frames are connected through the communicating pipes, the ventilating pipe is formed by splicing standard sections, each standard section is a circular steel pipe with the same diameter as the communicating pipes, the two ends of each standard section are respectively provided with the internal threads and the external threads, the ventilating pipe is inserted into the radiator closest to the tunnel portal and led to the tunnel portal, the ventilating pipe is an L-shaped steel pipe, the short edge of the ventilating pipe is provided with the internal threads, the long edge of the ventilating pipe; the direct current power supply is a solar photovoltaic panel on an upward slope of the tunnel portal, and the first N-type semiconductor metal gasket on the lower flange of the arch center and the last P-type semiconductor metal gasket on the lower flange of the arch center are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through a switch and a lead to form a closed channel.
The invention discloses a construction method of a primary supporting structure of a weak surrounding rock tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) prefabricating an arch frame: prefabricating annular I-beams and connecting flanges in a processing plant according to a selected tunnel excavation method, and connecting to form an arch center;
(2) manufacturing and installing a refrigerating device: prefabricating a metal gasket, an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor according to the surrounding rock condition of a tunnel and the size of an arch, scattering and sticking the metal gasket on an upper flange and a lower flange which are coated with insulating layers by glue from the lower flange of the arch along the circumferential direction until the metal gasket is stuck on the lower flange and is closest to the metal gasket stuck on the lower flange for the first time, and alternately welding the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor at the crossed position of the metal gasket on the lower flange and the metal gasket on the upper flange according to the installation sequence of the metal gaskets to form a series-connected couple pair;
(3) manufacturing and installing a heat dissipation device: prefabricating a communicating pipe, an exhaust pipe, a rectangular groove, radiating fins, a standard knot and a rain cap according to the length of the weak surrounding rock from the tunnel portal, the number of couple pairs of a refrigerating device, the size of an arch frame and the design interval, inserting the radiating fins into the rectangular groove to be fixed to form a radiator, fixing the tunnel portal according to the preset position of the radiator, splicing the standard knot to the weak surrounding rock to form a fixed ventilation pipe, installing the exhaust pipe on the ventilation pipe of the tunnel portal, enabling the long edge of the exhaust pipe to face upwards, and welding the rain cap at the tail end of the long edge;
(4) manufacturing and installing a direct-current power supply: according to the number of the couple pairs of the refrigerating device, a solar photovoltaic panel capable of providing enough electric quantity is installed at the tunnel portal to serve as a direct-current power supply, a switch is installed, and a lead is led to the weak surrounding rock of the tunnel;
(5) installing a first row of arch frames: splitting an arch frame at a flange, performing first-step excavation on soft surrounding rock, installing the split arch frame at the corresponding part to the tunnel excavation position, installing a radiator at the corresponding position of the arch frame and connecting the radiator with a ventilation pipe, spraying concrete between the arch frames, performing second-step excavation on the tunnel, connecting the arch frame at the corresponding part with the installed arch frame through the flange, installing the radiator on a newly erected arch frame, spraying concrete between the arch frames, respectively connecting the positive electrode of a direct-current power supply to the first N-type semiconductor metal gasket on the lower flange of the arch frame after the arch frames are closed into a ring according to the steps, connecting the negative electrode of the direct-current power supply to the last P-type semiconductor metal gasket on the lower flange of the arch frame, spraying concrete again, and switching on a power supply by a closed switch;
(6) and (3) installing a second row of arches: after the soft surrounding rock near the first row of arches (1) is frozen, the switch is switched off, the second row of arches is installed according to the steps, the radiator of the adjacent arch is connected by using the communicating pipe and is connected with the first row of arches in parallel, and the switch is switched on to switch on the power supply;
(7) and (4) repeating the installation step of the step (6) to install the subsequent arch centering until the tunnel completely passes through the weak surrounding rock section.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention fully utilizes the shape and structural characteristics of the steel arch, introduces the semiconductor refrigeration and heat dissipation technology and the chimney effect principle into the tunnel primary support structure, constructs the weak surrounding rock tunnel primary support structure with the active freezing function, and has the advantages that: (1) the semiconductor refrigerating device is installed in the space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the arch frame and the web, the refrigerating function is added under the condition of not changing the original function of the arch frame, the surrounding environment of the tunnel is not polluted, the construction process is not increased, meanwhile, a hard frozen soil shell can be formed on the periphery of the outer ring of the arch frame of the tunnel, the self-bearing capacity and the water-proof effect of surrounding rocks are improved, the problems of non-convergence deformation, collapse and the like of the tunnel of weak surrounding rocks are solved, and the water inrush and mud burst disasters in the tunnel excavation process and the water leakage problems of later-stage secondary lining are prevented; (2) the tunnel is used as a natural air inlet channel, and the radiator, the communicating pipe, the ventilating pipe and the exhaust pipe are mutually connected to be used as an exhaust channel, so that the circulation of air on the tunnel construction tunnel face is accelerated, heat generated in the refrigerating process in the radiator is taken away, the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating device is improved, the air in the tunnel is cleaned, and the working environment of constructors is optimized; (3) the connecting pipe is used for replacing connecting ribs among tunnel arches, so that the arches are connected while ventilation is realized, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction procedures are reduced; (4) the solar energy power generation system is simple in structure and convenient to construct, utilizes solar clean energy as power, protects the environment and reduces the consumption of resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic spatial view of the structure of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a flange; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heat sink; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vent; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an exhaust column; FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a communication tube; FIG. 8 is a standard section schematic; description of reference numerals: the air-conditioning system comprises an arch center 1, a refrigerating device 2, a heat dissipation device 3, a direct-current power supply 4, a flange 5, an upper flange 6, a lower flange 7, an insulating layer 8, an N-type semiconductor 9, a P-type semiconductor 10, a metal gasket 11, a communication pipe 12, a radiator 13, a ventilation pipe 14, an exhaust pipe 15, a heat insulation layer 16, a rectangular groove 17, a cooling fin 18, a standard knot 19, a rain hat 20, a switch 21, a lead 22, a tunnel opening 23 and a rectangular hole 24.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. All changes, equivalents and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: (1) freezing support principle: the solar photovoltaic panel is utilized to convert light energy into electric energy to be used as a direct current power supply, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply are connected with a series galvanic couple formed by an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor in an arch frame, low-energy-level charges in the N-type semiconductor flow to the high-energy-level P-type semiconductor under the action of current and absorb heat from the outside to form a cold surface, so that soft surrounding rock at the periphery of the arch frame is frozen, the physical and mechanical parameters of the soft surrounding rock are improved while the functions of the environment and the primary supporting structure are not influenced, and a hard frozen soil shell is formed to prevent water seepage; (2) accelerated convection heat dissipation principle: the lower flange of the arch frame is under the action of current, so that high-energy-level P-type semiconductor charges flow to the low-energy-level N-type semiconductor to release heat to form a hot surface, the heat released by the lower flange of the arch frame raises the temperature of air and radiating fins in the radiator, hot air flows to the exhaust pipe in an accelerated manner through the radiator, the communicating pipe and the ventilating pipe under the action of hot pressing, external air flows in from the tunnel opening to form convection, and the circulation of air on the tunnel face is accelerated while the hot air is taken away from the radiator.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure and the construction method comprise an arch frame 1, a refrigerating device 2, a heat dissipation device 3 and a direct-current power supply 4; the arch center 1 is a closed ring formed by connecting an upper flange 6 and an arc I-shaped steel which is coated with an insulating layer 8 and arranged inside a lower flange 7 through a flange 5; the refrigerating device 2 consists of an N-type semiconductor 9, a P-type semiconductor 10 and a metal gasket 11, wherein the metal gasket 11 is stuck on an upper flange 6 and a lower flange 7 coated with an insulating layer 8 in a staggered manner by glue from a lower flange 7 of the arch frame 1 along the circumferential direction until the metal gasket 11 is stuck on the lower flange 7 at the last time and the metal gasket 11 stuck on the lower flange 7 at the first time is closest to the metal gasket 11, and the N-type semiconductor 9 and the P-type semiconductor 10 are alternately welded at the crossed position of the metal gasket 11 on the lower flange 7 and the upper flange 6 according to the installation sequence of the metal gaskets 11 to form a series-connected couple pair; the heat dissipating double-fuselage 3 is made up of communicating tube 12, heat sink 13, ventilating pipe 14 and exhaust column 15, the communicating tube 12 is the round steel pipe with internal screw thread at both ends, the outside is coated with the insulating layer 16, the heat sink 13 is made up of rectangular channel 17 and air-cooling fin 18, the outside of rectangular channel 17 is coated with the insulating layer 16, both ends have external screw thread matching with communicating tube 12 separately, the air-cooling fin 18 is parallel to the long side of rectangular channel 17 and is laid in the rectangular channel 17 evenly, lay the heat sink 13 along the ring direction of the arch centering 1 evenly, the notch is welded to the outside of the bottom flange 7, link the heat sink 13 of the adjacent arch centering 1 with the communicating tube 12, the ventilating pipe 14 is made up by the standard festival 19, the standard festival 19 is the round steel pipe with the same diameter as communicating tube 12, both ends have internal screw thread and external screw thread separately, the ventilating pipe 14 inserts, the short side is provided with internal threads, the long side is welded with a rain cap 20, and the short side of the exhaust pipe 15 is sleeved in the ventilation pipe 14; the direct current power supply 4 is a solar photovoltaic panel on the upward slope of the tunnel portal, and the first N-type semiconductor 9 metal gasket 11 of the lower flange 7 of the arch center 1 and the last P-type semiconductor 10 metal gasket 11 of the lower flange 7 are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply 4 through the switch 21 and the lead 22 to form a closed path.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, rectangular holes 24 for metal gaskets 11 to pass through are reserved on the inner sides of the upper flange 6 and the lower flange 7 of the flange 5 at the welding part with the i-shaped steel, and the inner sides of the hole walls are coated with insulating layers 8.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the length of the rectangular slot 17 is the same as the width of the lower flange 7 of the arch 1.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the fin 18 is a thin-walled steel sheet having the same thickness and width as those of the rectangular groove 17, respectively.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the diameter and wall thickness of the exhaust pipe 15 are the same as those of the ventilation pipe 14, the length of the short side is 0.5-1.0m, and the length of the long side is 1.0-2.0 m.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the rain hat 20 is an umbrella-shaped iron sheet, and two steel bar supports with the length of 0.2-0.4m are welded on the lower portion of the top surface;
the construction sequence of the invention is suitable to adopt a step-by-step method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) prefabricated arch center 1: prefabricating annular I-beams and connecting flanges 5 in a processing plant according to a selected tunnel excavation method, and connecting to form an arch center 1;
(2) manufacturing and installing the refrigerating device 2: prefabricating a metal gasket 11, an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor according to the surrounding rock condition of a tunnel and the size of an arch center 1, starting from a lower flange 7 of the arch center 1, scattering and adhering the metal gasket 11 on an upper flange 6 and a lower flange 7 coated with an insulating layer 8 by glue along the circumferential direction, stopping until the metal gasket 11 is adhered to the lower flange 7 at the last time and the metal gasket 11 adhered to the lower flange 7 at the first time is closest to the metal gasket 11, and alternately welding the N-type semiconductor 9 and the P-type semiconductor 10 at the crossed position of the metal gasket 11 of the lower flange 7 and the upper flange 6 according to the installation sequence of the metal gasket 11 to form a series-connected couple pair; (ii) a
(3) Manufacturing and installing the heat dissipation device 3: according to the length of the weak surrounding rock from the tunnel portal, the number of couple pairs of the refrigerating device 2, the size of the arch center 1 and the design interval, prefabricating communicating pipes 12, an exhaust pipe 15, a rectangular groove 17, radiating fins 18, standard sections 19 and rain caps 20, inserting the radiating fins 18 into the rectangular groove 17 to be fixed to form a radiator 13, fixing and splicing the standard sections 19 to the weak surrounding rock at the tunnel portal according to the position of the preset radiator 13 to form a fixed ventilation pipe 14, installing the exhaust pipe 15 on the ventilation pipe 14 at the tunnel portal, enabling the long side of the exhaust pipe 15 to face upwards, and welding the rain caps 20 at the tail ends of the long sides;
(4) manufacturing and installing the direct-current power supply 4: according to the number of the couple pairs of the refrigerating device 2, a solar photovoltaic panel capable of providing enough electric quantity is installed at the tunnel portal 23 to serve as a direct-current power supply 4, a switch 21 is installed, and a lead 22 is led to the weak surrounding rock of the tunnel;
(5) the first row of arch centering 1 is installed: splitting an arch center 1 at a flange 5, performing first-step excavation on soft surrounding rocks, installing the split corresponding arch center 1 at a tunnel excavation position, installing a radiator 13 at a corresponding position of the arch center 1 and connecting the radiator 13 with a ventilation pipe 14, spraying concrete between the arch centers 1, performing second-step excavation on the tunnel, connecting the arch center 1 at the corresponding position with the installed arch center 1 through the flange 5, installing the radiator 13 on the newly erected arch center 1, spraying concrete between the arch centers 1, connecting the positive electrode of a direct-current power supply 4 to a first N-type semiconductor 9 metal gasket 11 on a lower flange 7 of the arch center 1 after the arch center 1 is closed into a ring according to the steps, connecting the negative electrode to a last P-type semiconductor 10 metal gasket 11 on the lower flange 7 of the arch center 1, spraying the concrete, and connecting a closed switch 21 to a power supply;
(6) and installing a second row of arch frames 1: after the soft surrounding rock near the first row of arches 1 is frozen, the switch 21 is switched off, the second row of arches 1 are installed according to the step 5, the radiator 13 of the adjacent arch 1 is connected by the communicating pipe 12 and is connected with the first row of arches 1 in parallel, and the switch 21 is switched on;
(7) and (6) repeating the installation step to install the subsequent arch centering until the tunnel completely passes through the weak surrounding rock section.
Claims (7)
1. The weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure comprises an arch center (1), a refrigerating device (2), a heat radiating device (3) and a direct-current power supply (4), and is characterized in that the arch center (1) is a closed ring formed by connecting arc I-shaped steel coated with an insulating layer (8) in an upper flange (6) and a lower flange (7) through a flange (5); the refrigerating device (2) consists of an N-type semiconductor (9), a P-type semiconductor (10) and a metal gasket (11), the metal gasket (11) is stuck on an upper flange (6) and a lower flange (7) coated with an insulating layer (8) in a staggered manner by glue from a lower flange (7) of the arch frame (1) in the circumferential direction until the metal gasket (11) is stuck on the lower flange (7) at the last time and is closest to the metal gasket (11) stuck on the lower flange (7) for the first time, and the N-type semiconductor (9) and the P-type semiconductor (10) are alternately welded at the crossed position of the metal gasket (11) on the lower flange (7) and the metal gasket (11) on the upper flange (6) according to the installation sequence of the metal gasket (11) to form a series-connected couple pair; the heat dissipation device (3) is composed of a communication pipe (12), a radiator (13), a ventilation pipe (14) and an exhaust pipe (15), the communication pipe (12) is a circular steel pipe with internal threads at two ends, a heat insulation layer (16) is coated outside the circular steel pipe, the radiator (13) is composed of a rectangular groove (17) and radiating fins (18), the heat insulation layer (16) is coated outside the rectangular groove (17), external threads matched with the communication pipe (12) are respectively arranged at two ends of the circular steel pipe, the radiating fins (18) are parallel to the long side of the rectangular groove (17) and are uniformly distributed in the rectangular groove (17), the radiator (13) is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the arch frame (1), notches are welded on the outer side of the lower flange (7), the radiator (13) of the adjacent arch frame (1) is connected through the communication pipe (12), the ventilation pipe (14) is formed by splicing standard knots (19), and the standard knots (19) are, the two ends of the radiator are respectively provided with an internal thread and an external thread, a ventilation pipe (14) is inserted into the radiator (13) nearest to the tunnel portal and led to the tunnel portal (23), the exhaust pipe (15) is an L-shaped steel pipe, the short side of the exhaust pipe is provided with the internal thread, the long side of the exhaust pipe is welded with a rain cap (20), and the short side of the exhaust pipe (15) is sleeved into the ventilation pipe (14); the direct current power supply (4) is a solar photovoltaic panel on the upward slope of the tunnel portal, and a first N-type semiconductor (9) metal gasket (11) of a lower flange (7) of the arch center (1) and a last P-type semiconductor (10) metal gasket (11) of the lower flange (7) are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply (4) through a switch (21) and a lead (22) to form a closed path.
2. The weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure of claim 1, characterized in that: rectangular holes (24) for metal gaskets (11) to penetrate through are reserved on the inner sides of an upper flange (6) and a lower flange (7) of the flange (5) at the welding position with the I-shaped steel, and insulating layers (8) are coated on the inner sides of the hole walls.
3. The weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the rectangular groove (17) is the same as the width of the lower flange (7) of the arch frame (1).
4. The weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the radiating fins (18) are thin-walled steel sheets, and the thickness and the width of the radiating fins are respectively the same as the wall thickness and the depth of the rectangular grooves (17).
5. The weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter and the wall thickness of the exhaust pipe (15) are the same as those of the ventilation pipe (14).
6. The weak surrounding rock tunnel freezing primary support structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the top surface of the rain hat (20) is an umbrella-shaped iron sheet, and two steel bar supports are welded at the lower part of the umbrella-shaped iron sheet.
7. The construction method of the freezing primary support structure of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) prefabricated arch (1): prefabricating annular I-shaped steel and a connecting flange (5) in a processing plant according to a selected tunnel excavation method, and connecting to form an arch frame (1);
(2) manufacturing and installing the refrigerating device (2): prefabricating a metal gasket (11), an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor according to the condition of tunnel surrounding rocks and the size of an arch center (1), wherein the metal gasket (11) is stuck on an upper flange (6) and a lower flange (7) coated with an insulating layer (8) in a staggered manner by glue from the lower flange (7) of the arch center (1) in the circumferential direction until the metal gasket (11) is stuck on the lower flange (7) at the last time and is closest to the metal gasket (11) stuck on the lower flange (7) for the first time, and alternately welding the N-type semiconductor (9) and the P-type semiconductor (10) at the crossed position of the metal gasket (11) on the lower flange (7) and the metal gasket (11) on the upper flange (6) according to the installation sequence of the metal gasket (11) to form a series galvanic couple;
(3) manufacturing and installing the heat dissipation device (3): prefabricating communicating pipes (12), an exhaust pipe (15), a rectangular groove (17), radiating fins (18), a standard knot (19) and rain caps (20) according to the length of the weak surrounding rock from the tunnel portal, the number of couple pairs of a refrigerating device (2), the size of an arch frame (1) and the design interval, inserting the radiating fins (18) into the rectangular groove (17) to be fixed to form a radiator (13), fixing the tunnel portal according to the position of the preset radiator (13), splicing the standard knot (19) to the weak surrounding rock to form a fixed ventilation pipe (14), installing the exhaust pipe (15) on the ventilation pipe (14) of the tunnel portal, enabling the long edge of the exhaust pipe (15) to face upwards, and welding the rain caps (20) at the tail ends of the long edge;
(4) manufacturing and installing a direct-current power supply (4): according to the number of couple pairs of the refrigerating device (2), a solar photovoltaic panel capable of providing enough electric quantity is installed at the tunnel portal (23) to serve as a direct-current power supply (4), a switch (21) is installed, and a lead (22) is led to the weak surrounding rock of the tunnel;
(5) the first row of arches (1) are installed: splitting an arch center (1) at a flange (5), excavating a weak surrounding rock in a first step, installing the split arch center (1) at a corresponding part to an excavation position of a tunnel, installing a radiator (13) at a corresponding position of the arch center (1), connecting the radiator with a ventilation pipe (14), and spraying concrete between the arch centers (1); secondly, excavating the tunnel, connecting the arch centering (1) at the corresponding part with the installed arch centering (1) through a flange (5), installing a radiator (13) on the newly erected arch centering (1), and spraying concrete between the arch centering (1); according to the steps, after the arch centering (1) is sealed into a ring, the anode of a direct current power supply (4) is connected to the first N-type semiconductor (9) metal gasket (11) of the lower flange (7) of the arch centering (1), the cathode of the direct current power supply is connected to the last P-type semiconductor (10) metal gasket (11) of the lower flange (7) of the arch centering (1), concrete is sprayed, and the power supply is switched on by closing a switch (21);
(6) and (3) installing a second row of arches (1): after the soft surrounding rock near the first row of arches (1) is frozen, the switch (21) is switched off, the second row of arches (1) is installed according to the step (5), the radiator (13) of the adjacent arch (1) is connected by the communicating pipe (12) and is connected with the first row of arches (1) in parallel, and the switch (21) is switched on;
(7) and (4) repeating the installation step of the step (6) to install the subsequent arch centering until the tunnel completely passes through the weak surrounding rock section.
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| JP4535981B2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2010-09-01 | 三菱マテリアルテクノ株式会社 | Tunnel heat exchange panel and tunnel heat utilization heat exchange system |
| US9078680B2 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2015-07-14 | Lumenis Ltd. | System and method for microablation of tissue |
| CN203230453U (en) * | 2013-03-24 | 2013-10-09 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Cooling device for casting large volume hollow concrete tunnel lining structure |
| CN104712340B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-08-24 | 同济大学 | Use the construction method that MJS method and the united service channel of freezing process are built |
| CN106089214A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-09 | 中铁十局集团第三建设有限公司 | Service channel manual pipe jacking reinforced construction method |
| JP2019112785A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-07-11 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | Heat exchanger for tunnel, installation method thereof, and cold air generator in tunnel |
| CN208024367U (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-30 | 中交第二公路工程局有限公司 | A kind of tunnel portal active heating based on solar power generation |
| CN108678774A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-19 | 广东华隧建设集团股份有限公司 | A kind of section of jurisdiction with freezing function |
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