JP2019112785A - Heat exchanger for tunnel, installation method thereof, and cold air generator in tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a heat exchanger for a tunnel which can cool refrigerant liquid efficiently and generate cold air efficiently, even when concavity and convexity of a tunnel wall face are large and when supports protrude inwardly, and also to provide an installation method thereof, and a cold air generator in the tunnel.SOLUTION: A heat exchanger 10 for a tunnel comprises a cooling pipe 12 and a plurality of tie rods 18. Both ends of the plurality of tie rods 18 are fixed to supports 4a which adjoin at an interval in the digging direction, and are arranged in parallel in the digging direction. Both ends of the cooling pipe 12 have connection openings 12a, 12b, and an intermediate portion adjoins and locates along a tunnel wall face 3 and is fixed to the tie rods 18. The cooling pipe 12 is embedded in a spraying concrete 5 which closely comes in contact with the tunnel wall face 3, and the connection openings 12a, 12b locate inward from an inner face 5a of the spraying concrete 5.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for tunnel which cools a refrigerant liquid and generates cold air in a tunnel being excavated, a method of installing the same, and a cold air generator in the tunnel.

In large scale underground construction work and tunnel excavation work, the drilling site becomes a severe environment of, for example, 30 ° C. or more. In particular, heavy machinery is concentrated in the work space near the cutting edge “face” of drilling, so the temperature rises the most, which can be said to be a severe working environment for workers. Therefore, in actual sites, in order to lower the sensible temperature, the ventilation air volume is always set to a large air volume except at the time of blasting and the like.
As a result, the power consumption of the ventilation fan becomes excessive, for example, more than half of the power consumption of the entire drilling operation. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for achieving energy saving by reducing the power consumption of the ventilation fan.

  In order to meet this demand, for example, it is conceivable to exchange heat with spring water in a tunnel to generate cold air. The ground temperature surrounding the tunnel is low (eg, 10 to 15 ° C.), which is almost constant throughout the year, and the spring water in the tunnel is also low.

  However, this means is not applicable when there is no or little spring water. Then, patent documents 1 and 2 are proposed as a means when there is no or little spring water, for example. Patent Documents 1 and 2 use ground heat to "provide utilization of natural energy, energy saving, eco-friendly air conditioning and heating equipment, snow melting equipment, hot water supply equipment, etc." to the tunnel after operation. is there.

  The means of Patent Document 1 installs a heat exchange panel which forms a peripheral wall of the tunnel in cooperation with a wall panel installed on the wall of the tunnel. The heat exchange panel has a panel main body which exchanges heat with air or in the ground of the tunnel, and a fluid path in the panel which is provided in the panel main body and through which the circulating fluid flows. A plurality of heat exchange panels are installed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form a tunnel side heat exchange part.

  The means of patent document 2 forms the flow path for underground heat exchange systems in order to perform heat exchange with the underground of this concrete lining in the tunnel construction before or on the way of concrete lining. As a heat exchange unit, a wire mesh unit to which a heat exchange pipe is fixed is embedded in a concrete lining.

JP 2007-107288 A, "panel for tunnel heat exchange and tunnel heat utilization heat exchange system" JP, 2011-117171, A "tunnel method and its heat exchange path fixing tool"

Tunneling methods can be roughly divided into shield methods and mountain methods.
The shield construction method is a construction method in which a concrete product called a segment is installed in a shield machine, and the ground is maintained without loosening the ground.

  Patent document 1 is a means applied to a shield construction method, and since the fluid channel in a panel is provided inside a wall panel (segment), it can not be applied to the mountain construction method which does not use a segment.

The mountain construction method is a construction method that prevents the ground from falling by building a support and constructing a shotcrete because the ground is self-supporting.
The support works to receive the load from deformation of the tunnel rock. The support and the shotcrete together take on the load coming from the bedrock, ie support.
If the rock is very strong and deformation can not be considered, the support may not be installed. However, since Japanese rock is unlikely to be so strong, the support is usually installed in tunneling. The distance between supports is 1.0m or 1.2m depending on the strength of the rock, but usually 1.2m is more.

The mountain construction method is classified into blast drilling and mechanical drilling.
In the case of blasting, construction is divided into two. The first is the work to advance the cutting face at the cutting edge, and the contents are drilling, charging, blasting, scraping, support installation, concrete spraying, and lock bolt installation. The second is the work of waterproofing, concrete lining, etc., which is performed at a position on the wellhead side usually 200 m or more from the cutting face.
In the case of mechanical drilling, the above-mentioned drilling, charging and blasting replace mechanical drilling.

The means of patent document 2 embeds the wire mesh unit to which the pipe | tube for heat exchange was fixed in a concrete lining in "in front of a concrete lining or in the middle" in a mountain construction method. Therefore, a support work, a shotcrete, a rock bolt, a waterproof layer, or a lining concrete intervenes between the tunnel wall immediately after excavation and the heat exchange pipe.
As a result, the position of the heat exchange pipe according to Patent Document 2 becomes a position far inside the tunnel wall surface immediately after the excavation. Therefore, even if the underground temperature surrounding the tunnel is low (for example, 10 to 15 ° C.), the ambient temperature of the heat exchange pipe is close to the ambient temperature in the tunnel, and the heat exchange rate with the heat transfer medium is low. .

  In addition, there are many workers who work near the face in tunnel construction, and these workers feel hot and need cold wind. On the other hand, the construction position of the concrete lining is far from the work site near the face. That is, the construction position of the concrete lining is generally separated by, for example, 200 m or more from the face. For this reason, even if the cooling pipe is installed on the lining concrete, the heat medium liquid (for example, cooling water) cooled by the means of Patent Document 2 is pumped to the work site near the cutting face because the distance to the cutting face is long (too long). In the meantime, the temperature rises, and the effect is greatly reduced.

Also, if the method of Patent Document 2 is carried out immediately after the support installation or concrete spraying, the tunnel wall immediately after excavation has a large undulation (concave and convex), and the fixing tool (wire mesh) is fixed at the desired position of the tunnel wall. It is difficult to do.
Furthermore, in this case, since the support projects to the inside of the tunnel wall surface, it is difficult to connect the heat exchange pipes on the plurality of wire mesh units in series.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems. That is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel heat exchanger capable of efficiently cooling the refrigerant liquid and efficiently generating cold air, even when the unevenness of the tunnel wall surface is large and the support projects inward. An installation method and a cold air generator in a tunnel are provided.

According to the present invention, a plurality of tie rods, both ends of which are fixed to adjacent supports spaced apart in the digging direction and arranged parallel to the digging direction,
And a cooling pipe having connection ports at both ends, and an intermediate part located close along the tunnel wall surface and fixed to the tie rod,
The cooling pipe is embedded in shot concrete which is in close contact with the tunnel wall surface;
The heat exchanger for tunnels is provided in which the said connection port of the said cooling pipe is located inside the inner surface of the said shotcrete.

Further, according to the present invention, (A) tie rod fixing step of fixing both ends of a plurality of tie rods to adjacent supports spaced apart in the digging direction;
(B) A cooling pipe fixing step of positioning connection ports at both ends of the cooling pipe inside of blown concrete, positioning an intermediate part of the cooling pipe along a tunnel wall surface, and fixing it to the tie rod;
(C) A method of installing a heat exchanger for tunnel comprising the steps of: (C) spraying concrete on the tunnel wall surface and embedding the middle portion of the cooling pipe in the blown concrete.

Further in accordance with the present invention, a heat exchanger for tunnels as described above;
A refrigerant circulating device that supplies a refrigerant liquid from one of the connection ports and takes out the refrigerant liquid from the other;
An air cooler for cooling air in a tunnel with the refrigerant liquid;
An in-tunnel cold air generator is provided, comprising: a blower fan for supplying air in the tunnel to the air cooler.

According to the configuration of the present invention, in the space in the vicinity of the face, even if the asperity of the tunnel wall surface immediately after excavation is large and the support projects inward of the tunnel wall, the plural tie rods are fixed to the support with adjacent ends. And the middle part of the cooling pipe is fixed to the tie rod and located close along the tunnel wall.
As a result, the middle portion of the cooling pipe embedded in the shotcrete becomes a close position along the tunnel wall immediately after excavating, and the ambient temperature of the cooling pipe is a low temperature close to the underground temperature surrounding the tunnel (for example 10-15 ° C).

  Therefore, the refrigerant liquid can be efficiently cooled by the cooling pipe by supplying the refrigerant liquid from one of the connection ports embedded in the blown concrete and removing the refrigerant liquid from the other by the refrigerant circulation device.

Further, according to the present invention, since the cooling pipe is embedded inside the concrete at the time of the concrete spraying step, compared with the case of embedding in concrete lining which is a post process in terms of time and distance, The cooling pipe can be installed early near the face.
Therefore, since the distance between the cooling pipe and the face is short (short), the temperature rise of the refrigerant liquid to the work site in the vicinity of the face is small, and the cold air can be efficiently generated by the air cooler.

It is a whole block diagram of the cold wind generator in the tunnel by this invention. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel provided with a heat exchanger for tunnels according to the present invention. It is an enlarged view which shows the right half of FIG. It is an AA arrow line view of FIG. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. It is a figure similar to FIG. 4 which shows another form of a heat exchanger tube part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an overall flow diagram of a tunneling method including a method of installing a heat exchanger for a tunnel according to the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is common in each figure, and the duplicate description is abbreviate | omitted.

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a cold air generating apparatus 100 in a tunnel according to the present invention.
In this figure, the cold air generating device 100 in a tunnel includes a heat exchanger 10 for tunnel, a refrigerant circulating device 50, an air cooler 52, and a blower fan 54.

  The tunnel heat exchanger 10 has cooling pipes 12 having connection ports 12a and 12b at both ends, and having an intermediate portion located close along the tunnel wall surface 3 (described later). The connection ports 12a and 12b are provided with flanges in this example, but may be other pipe joints.

The refrigerant circulating apparatus 50 supplies the refrigerant liquid L from one of the connection ports 12a and 12b of the cooling pipe 12 (hereinafter referred to as the inlet 12a) through the air cooler 52, and supplies the refrigerant liquid L from the other (hereinafter referred to as the outlet 12b). Take out.
The inlet and the outlet may be either of the connection ports 12a and 12b.

In this figure, the heat exchanger 10 for tunnels has the serial connection pipe 16 which connects the inflow port 12a and the outflow port 12b of the cooling pipe 12 which adjoin the digging direction over the support 4a.
The series connection pipe 16 is a metal pipe having flanges at both ends in this example, but may be a flexible hose. By using flexible hoses, it is possible to cope with installation errors in the supports 4 and 4a.
Further, the connection of the cooling pipes 12 is not limited to series connection, and may be parallel connection.

The refrigerant liquid L is preferably fresh water or an antifreeze liquid, but may be another refrigerant.
In this example, the refrigerant circulation device 50 includes a tank 50a that stores the refrigerant liquid L therein, a circulation pump 50b that pressurizes the refrigerant liquid L and pressure-feeds the refrigerant liquid L, and a refrigerant line 50c.
The positions of the tank 50a and the circulation pump 50b are not limited to this example, and may be other positions as long as the circulation path of the refrigerant liquid L can be formed.

In this example, the refrigerant line 50c includes the outlet 12b and the tank 50a of the cooling pipe 12, the tank 50a and the circulation pump 50b, the circulation pump 50b and the air cooler 52, and the air cooler 52 and the inlet 12a of the cooling pipe 12. Connect each other.
The refrigerant line 50c may be a metal pipe or a flexible hose.

The air cooler 52 is a liquid-gas indirect heat exchanger (for example, a radiator), and cools the air A in the tunnel with the refrigerant liquid L.
The blower fan 54 supplies the air cooler 52 with the air A in the tunnel.
In addition, the air cooler 52 and the blower fan 54 may be mounted on a vehicle (for example, a truck) capable of self-propelled so as to freely move in the tunnel.

With the configuration described above, the refrigerant liquid L in the tank 50a can be pressurized by the circulation pump 50b and supplied to the air cooler 52, and the air A can be cooled by the refrigerant liquid L to generate cold air.
In addition, the refrigerant liquid L whose temperature is raised by heat absorption by the air cooler 52 is supplied from the inlet 12a to the cooling pipe 12, and the cooling pipe 12 is cooled by the cooling pipe 12 cooled inside the concrete in contact with the low temperature bedrock. Can be cooled, and the cooled refrigerant liquid L can be returned from the outlet 12 b to the tank 50 a.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel 1 provided with a heat exchanger for tunnel 10 according to the present invention.
The tunnel 1 is a tunnel being excavated by the mountain method, and this figure shows a state in which the installation of the supports 4, 4a is completed.

In FIG. 2, the tunnel 1 has a semicircular opening 1 a substantially horizontally provided inside the ground 2. In this example, an arc-shaped support 4 is installed along the inner wall of the tunnel 1 (hereinafter, tunnel wall 3). In this example, the support 4 comprises a pair of left and right supports 4a in the figure connected at the tunnel top 1b.
The tunnel wall surface 3 is preferably a tunnel wall surface immediately after excavation, but may be immediately after thin concrete spraying to prevent collapse as long as the support work 4 is exposed.

  In FIG. 2, the inner surface 5 a of the shot concrete 5 by concrete spraying coincides with the inner surface of the support 4. That is, the final thickness of the shotcrete 5 is the same as the height H of the support 4, and it is preferable that the support 4 be buried in the shotcrete 5 in a state where only the end face is exposed.

  The present invention is not limited to this example, and the shapes of the tunnel 1 and the support 4 may be other shapes.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the right half of FIG. Moreover, FIG. 4 is an AA arrow view of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a BB sectional view of FIG.

In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a plurality of supports 4 a are installed along the tunnel wall 3 at a constant interval in the digging direction. The interval in the digging direction (center distance) of the adjacent support 4a is, for example, 1 m to 1.2 m, and is set according to the strength of the ground 2 (rock) under digging.
In this example, the support 4a is an H-shaped steel. The height of the H-shaped steel is, for example, 125 mm or 150 mm, and is set in accordance with the strength of the ground 2 (rock) under excavation.

In FIG. 4, the tunnel heat exchanger 10 includes a cooling pipe 12 and a plurality of tie rods 18.
A plurality (three in this example) of tie rods 18 are fixed at both ends to the adjacent support 4a and arranged in parallel to the digging direction. "Parallel to the drilling direction" means that each tie rod 18 is parallel to the axis of the drilling direction. This "parallel" may not be strictly parallel as long as it extends in the digging direction.

In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the tie rod 18 is preferably an iron rod (for example, processed round steel or different diameter rebar used in reinforced concrete), and is bent downward and a horizontally extending middle horizontal portion 18a. And a pair of bent portions 18b.
In this example, a tie rod insertion tube 6 having an inner diameter capable of inserting the both-ends bent portion 18b is firmly fixed to the inner surface of the support 4a (H-shaped steel) by welding or the like.
The distance between the pair of bended portions 18b (ie, the length of the middle horizontal portion 18a) is such that the distance between adjacent supports 4a (distance between cores) is equal to the set distance (for example, 1 m to 1.2 m) It is set to.
With the above-described configuration, it is possible to position the adjacent support 4a at a predetermined interval in the excavating direction only by inserting the bent portions 18b at both ends of the tie rod 18 into the tie rod insertion pipe 6 provided in the adjacent support 4a. it can.

In FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the middle part of the cooling pipe 12 is located closely along the tunnel wall 3 and fixed to the tie rod 18.
In this example, it has a plurality of hooks 19 fixed to the cooling pipe 12 and supported by the tie rods 18. The hook 19 is a plate material bent in an inverted U shape in this example, and a part of the hook 19 is fixed to the surface of the cooling pipe 12 by welding or a connection metal.
With the configuration described above, the cooling pipe 12 can be fixed to the tie rod 18 by sandwiching a part of the tie rod 18 with the hook 19 fixed to the cooling pipe 12. That is, if a simple hook 19 is attached to the cooling pipe 12 in advance as shown in the drawing, it can be easily installed simply by hooking on the tie rod 18.

  In addition, fixation to the tie rod 18 of the cooling pipe 12 is not limited to the example mentioned above, You may fix by a binding wire (wire), a binding band, a cable tie, etc.

As shown in FIG. 5, the cooling pipe 12 and the tie rod 18 are embedded in the inside of the shot concrete 5 in close contact with the tunnel wall 3 in the concrete shot.
According to the configuration described above, since the cooling pipe 12 and the tie rods 18 function as reinforcing bars for concrete, the shotcrete 5 can be further strengthened.

  The connection ports 12 a and 12 b (the inlet 12 a and the outlet 12 b) of the cooling pipe 12 described above are disposed to be exposed to the inside from the inner surface 5 a of the shot concrete 5.

In FIGS. 3 to 5, the cooling pipe 12 has a pair of pipe end portions 13a and 13b (hereinafter referred to as the inflow pipe portion 13a and the outflow pipe portion 13b) and the heat transfer pipe portion 13c. The cooling pipe 12 may be made of a bent single steel pipe or a steel pipe and a pipe joint.
The cooling pipe 12 is not limited to a steel pipe, and may be another metal pipe (for example, a copper pipe) or a non-metal pipe such as polyvinyl chloride.

In FIG. 5, the pair of tube ends 13 a and 13 b have connection ports 12 a and 12 b respectively and extend to the inside (opening 1 a) of the tunnel 1.
In FIG. 3, both ends of the heat transfer pipe portion 13 c are connected to the outer ends of the inflow pipe portion 13 a and the outflow pipe portion 13 b and extend close to the tunnel wall 3.
The tunnel wall 3 is preferably a tunnel wall immediately after excavation as described above.
“Proximity” is preferably in close contact with the tunnel wall 3 but may be inside the height of the support 4 a and inside the shot concrete 5.
Further, in this figure, the cooling pipe 12 is located outside the tie rod 18 but may be inside the tie rod 18.

  In FIG. 4, the heat transfer tube portion 13 c has a plurality of longitudinally curved tube portions 14 a and a lateral connection portion 14 b.

The plurality of longitudinally curved tube portions 14 a extend in the up-down direction closely along the tunnel wall surface 3. The longitudinally curved pipe portion 14a is, for example, a curved pipe bent at a radius slightly smaller than the outer peripheral surface of the support 4a (for example, a radius of about 5 m).
The number of longitudinally curved tube portions 14a is six in this example, but may be two or more.

The horizontal connection portion 14b connects the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the adjacent longitudinally curved pipe portion 14a. The lateral connection portion 14b is made of, for example, a single bent metal pipe or a metal pipe and a pipe joint (for example, an elbow).
In this example, the number of the horizontal connecting portions 14b is five, but may be one or more.

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing another form of the heat transfer tube portion 13c.
In this figure, the heat transfer tube portion 13c has a plurality of horizontal straight tube portions 15a and a vertical connection portion 15b.

The plurality of horizontal straight pipe portions 15 a extend horizontally in close proximity along the tunnel wall 3. The horizontal straight pipe portion 15a is a straight pipe shorter than the distance between the supports 4a.
The number of horizontal straight pipe portions 15a is nineteen in this example, but is preferably an odd number of one or more.
The vertical connection portion 15b connects the end portions (the right end portion or the left end portion in the figure) of the adjacent horizontal straight pipe portions 15a. The longitudinal connection portion 15b is made of, for example, a single bent metal pipe, or a metal pipe and a pipe joint (for example, an elbow).
The number of vertical connecting portions 15 b is eighteen in this example, but is preferably an even number of two or more. Also, the vertical connection portion 15b may be absent (0).
The other structure is the same as that of FIGS.

FIG. 7 is an overall flow diagram of a tunnel excavation method including the installation method of the heat exchanger for tunnel 10 according to the present invention. In this example, the tunnel excavation method is a case of blasting excavation of mountain method, but may be mechanical excavation.
In this figure, the blast method of the mountain method has work steps such as drilling, charging, blasting, scraping, support installation, concrete spraying, lock bolt installation, waterproofing, concrete lining, and the like.

  In FIG. 7, the installation method of the heat exchanger 10 for tunnels is implemented in parallel with support installation, and has tie-rod fixing process S1, cooling pipe fixing process S2, and concrete spraying process S3.

In the tie rod fixing step S1, the both ends of the plurality of tie rods 18 are fixed to the adjacent supports 4a installed along the tunnel wall surface 3 at intervals along the tunnel wall 3 and carried out simultaneously with the support installation.
In the cooling pipe fixing step S 2, the connection ports 12 a and 12 b at both ends of the cooling pipe 12 are positioned inside the shot concrete 5, and the middle portion of the cooling pipe 12 is positioned along the tunnel wall 3 and fixed to the tie rod 18.
The order of the tie rod fixing step S1 and the cooling pipe fixing step S2 may be simultaneous.

  In the concrete spraying step S3, concrete is sprayed onto the tunnel wall surface 3 and the middle portion of the cooling pipe 12 is embedded in the shot concrete. The concrete spraying step S3 is the same as the conventional one except that the middle portion of the cooling pipe 12 is embedded in the shot concrete.

  By the above-described installation method, the tunnel heat exchanger 10 can be installed in the vicinity of the cutting face as compared with the case of embedding in a concrete lining.

  Next, in order to generate cold air in the tunnel using the installed tunnel heat exchanger 10, a refrigerant liquid cooling process S4 and a cold air generation process S5 are performed.

In the refrigerant liquid cooling step S4, the refrigerant circulating device 50 described above is prepared, the refrigerant liquid L is supplied from one of the connection ports 12a and 12b, and the refrigerant liquid L is taken out from the other.
In the cold air generation step S5, the air cooler 52 and the blower fan 54 described above are prepared, the refrigerant liquid L in the tank 15a is pressurized by the circulation pump 50b and supplied to the air cooler 52, and the refrigerant liquid L in the air cooler 52. Thus, the air A is cooled to generate cold air.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Even when the asperity of the tunnel wall 3 immediately after excavation is large and the support 4a protrudes to the inside of the tunnel wall 3, the ends of the plurality of tie rods 18 are fixed to the adjacent support 4a. The middle part is fixed to the tie rod 18 and located close along the tunnel wall 3.
As a result, the middle portion of the cooling pipe 12 in the shotcrete becomes a close position along the tunnel wall 3 immediately after excavating, and the ambient temperature of the cooling pipe 12 is low temperature close to the underground temperature surrounding the tunnel 1 (e.g. 15 ° C).

  Therefore, the refrigerant liquid L is efficiently supplied from the cooling pipe 12 by supplying the refrigerant liquid L from one of the connection ports 12a and 12b embedded in the blown concrete and taking out the refrigerant liquid L from the other by the refrigerant circulating device 50. It can be cooled.

Further, according to the present invention, since the cooling pipe 12 is embedded inside the shotcrete 5, the cooling pipe 12 can be installed in the vicinity of the cutting face as compared with the case of embedding in the concrete lining.
Therefore, since the distance between the cooling pipe 12 and the face is short (short), the temperature rise of the refrigerant liquid L to the work site near the face is small, and the cold air can be efficiently generated by the air cooler 52.

  (2) Further, when casting lining concrete at the rear, a movable form called a center is installed inside the tunnel, and lining concrete is cast between the shotcrete 5 and the molding. The workers working in this area also feel the heat and need a cold wind. In the present invention, since the cooling pipe 12 is embedded in the shotcrete 5, the cooling pipe 12 can be used to generate cold air also when the lining concrete is cast at the rear.

(3) The heat transfer area of the cooling pipe 12 can be increased by connecting the inflow port 12 a and the outflow port 12 b of the cooling pipe 12 adjacent in the digging direction in series using the above-described series connection pipe 16. Similarly, the flow rate of the refrigerant liquid L can be increased by parallel connection.
Further, with this configuration, it is possible to eliminate the need for processing such as drilling the supports 4, 4a, maintain the strength of the conventional supports 4, 4a, and eliminate the influence on the installation work.

  (4) By providing the cooling pipe 12 and the tie rod 18 between the adjacent supports 4 and 4a, the support strength of the ground 2 can be enhanced more than the conventional structure of only the shotcrete 5.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

A air, L refrigerant liquid, 1 tunnel, 1a opening, 1b tunnel top,
2 ground (bedrock), 3 tunnel wall, 4,4a support work,
5 Shotcrete, 5a inner surface, 6 tie rod insertion tube,
10 heat exchanger for tunnel, 12 cooling pipes, 12a connection port (inlet),
12b connection port (outlet), 13a pipe end (inflow pipe),
13b tube end portion (outflow tube portion), 13c heat transfer tube portion, 14a longitudinal curved tube portion,
14b horizontal connection part, 15a horizontal straight pipe part, 15b vertical connection part, 16 serial connection pipe,
18 tie rods, 18a middle horizontal part, 18b bent parts at both ends, 19 hooks,
50 refrigerant circulation system, 50a tank, 50b circulation pump, 50c refrigerant line,
52 air cooler, 54 blower fan, 100 cold air generator in tunnel

Claims (8)

A plurality of tie rods, both ends of which are fixed to adjacent supports spaced in the digging direction and arranged parallel to the digging direction;
And a cooling pipe having connection ports at both ends, and an intermediate part located close along the tunnel wall surface and fixed to the tie rod,
The cooling pipe is embedded in shot concrete which is in close contact with the tunnel wall surface;
The heat exchanger for tunnels, wherein the connection port of the cooling pipe is located inside the inner surface of the shotcrete. The cooling pipe has the connection port and a pair of pipe ends extending inward of the tunnel;
The heat exchanger for tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising: a heat transfer tube portion connected at the both ends to the outer end of the pair of tube ends and extending closely along the tunnel wall surface. The heat transfer tube portion includes a plurality of longitudinally curved tube portions extending in the vertical direction in close proximity along the tunnel wall surface;
The heat exchanger for tunnels according to claim 2, further comprising: a horizontal connection portion connecting the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the longitudinally curved tube portion adjacent to each other. The heat transfer tube portion includes a plurality of horizontal straight tube portions extending horizontally and closely along the tunnel wall surface;
The tunnel heat exchanger according to claim 2, further comprising: a longitudinal connection portion connecting end portions of the adjacent horizontal straight pipe portions.   The heat exchanger for tunnels according to claim 2 which has a serial connection pipe which connects said connecting port of said cooling pipe which adjoins said excavation direction across said support construction.   The tunnel heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of hooks fixed to the cooling pipe and supported by the tie rods. The heat exchanger for tunnels according to claim 1;
A refrigerant circulating device that supplies a refrigerant liquid from one of the connection ports and takes out the refrigerant liquid from the other;
An air cooler for cooling air in a tunnel with the refrigerant liquid;
And a blower fan for supplying air in the tunnel to the air cooler. (A) tie rod fixing step of fixing both ends of a plurality of tie rods to adjacent supports spaced apart in the digging direction;
(B) A cooling pipe fixing step of positioning connection ports at both ends of the cooling pipe inside of blown concrete, positioning an intermediate part of the cooling pipe along a tunnel wall surface, and fixing it to the tie rod;
(C) A concrete heat-exchanger installation method comprising the steps of: blowing concrete on the wall of the tunnel and embedding the middle portion of the cooling pipe in the blown concrete;

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