CN110905511B - Dry tailing stoping method for valley type tailing pond based on underground water drainage - Google Patents
Dry tailing stoping method for valley type tailing pond based on underground water drainage Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000005442 atmospheric precipitation Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/10—Restraining of underground water by lowering level of ground water
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dry tailing stoping method based on underground water drainage for a valley type tailing pond, which specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of completing the extraction of the whole tailing pond by surveying and geological exploration of the tailing pond, division of extraction areas and parameter determination, paving of transportation roads, adopting a backward excavation mode and arranging open drainage ditches; the open drainage ditch is excavated for drainage, the wetland excavator is used for ditching, the drainage platform is 2 layers ahead of the recovery platform, the drainage safety and timeliness can be ensured, the engineering quantity can be directly used as the recovery quantity, the drainage and recovery work is tightly connected, the facility equipment is simply put into, and the direct tailing laying of the road in the warehouse is time-saving and convenient, so that the entering and secondary transportation of differential materials are avoided; therefore, the extraction speed of the tailing pond is increased, the extraction period is shortened, and the problem that the effective working time of the traditional dry-type extraction is short is solved. The ascending speed of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the tailing pond is accelerated, so that the tailing mining work of the tailing pond is completed quickly, efficiently and in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tailing extraction, and particularly relates to a dry tailing extraction method based on underground water drainage for a valley type tailing pond.
Background
The economy and technology of China are rapidly developed, the development of mineral resources is increased, a large number of tailing ponds are generated, considerable resources exist in tailings, the construction and maintenance cost of tailing dams is high, influences and problems in the aspects of environment, safety and economy are brought to the development of the mining industry, and the tailing has very important significance for fully utilizing non-renewable resources.
At present, in tailing mining of a tailing pond in China, the tailing mining modes mainly include three modes, namely water mining, ship mining and dry mining.
The water extraction is realized by pressurizing by a water pump, and the tailings are crushed and separated by impacting and caving the tailings by using the high-speed water flow driving force generated by a high-pressure water gun and the gravity of the tailings, and the method has the characteristics of high production capacity, low cost and simple screening and scrap removing equipment, and is particularly suitable for depositing the tailings with serious cementation for many years; however, the technical requirements of water mining are high, and the angle and the safe distance of the water gun need to be adjusted timely according to production efficiency and safety conditions.
The ship mining adopts a dredger or a sand dredger to mine according to a specified mining zone, the mining sequence, the width of the mining zone and the mining depth are preset before mining, a certain water level needs to be kept in a tailing pond when the ship mining is used, and the single-layer mining thickness is generally about 1.0m, so that the ship mining method has the characteristics of large production capacity, high labor production efficiency and centralized production and convenient management; the defects are that the use conditions are strict and are greatly influenced by the topography, lithology and temperature of the reservoir area.
The dry mining is mechanical mining, the tailings are excavated by using excavating equipment such as a bulldozer, an excavator and the like, and then the tailings are directly loaded into a transport tool through loading equipment, and the dry mining is characterized by simple and flexible production process, relatively easy management and relatively strong applicability, but is influenced by the requirement of foundation bearing capacity, and the dry mining is usually required to be mined after the consolidation strength of the beach surface of the tailings meets the minimum requirement of entering the mechanical equipment; for example, in the 'safe tailing extraction engineering practice of tailings' in the 2 nd month of 2013, a tailing extraction scheme is mainly introduced, the extraction scheme adopts an open-air mining mode of 'excavator mining and loading + belt transportation + automobile transportation', drainage is firstly carried out in a tailing pond to consolidate tailings, equipment is mined and transported in a tailing dry state, and the tailings are directly loaded and transported out or transferred to a temporary storage yard and then are loaded and transported out for the second time, so that the problem of water prevention and drainage for atmospheric precipitation is only solved, and the problem of dry tailing extraction caused by underground water in a catchment area and a dry beach area formed after tailings are discharged and collected from tailing water is ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dry tailing stoping method based on underground water drainage for a valley type tailing pond, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a dry tailing mining method for a valley type tailing pond based on underground water drainage comprises the following steps:
step 1) tailings pond survey: the tailings are divided into a dry beach area and a catchment area, the bearing capacity strength of a dry beach foundation of a tailing pond, the stockpiling topography of the dry beach area, the stability of stockpiled dam bodies and the water accumulation condition of the catchment area are systematically investigated, and basic data are provided for dry-type recovery of the tailings;
step 2) geological exploration of a tailing pond: the amount of tailings in a tailing pond and the quality and the dry and wet degree of the tailings are mastered through drilling;
step 3), mining area division and parameter determination: dividing a stoping area based on the consideration of the ore quantity, the tailing quality, the dry and wet degree, the stoping elevation and the connection relation of stoping and drainage work in the step 1) and the step 2), wherein the height difference of the formed stoping area is not more than 10m, the side slope angle of a stoping temporary side slope is 45 degrees, the final side slope angle is 45 degrees, the width of a mining belt is determined to be 2 times of the working radius of mining equipment according to the mining equipment, and the height of a tailing stoping step is not more than the excavating height of the mining equipment;
step 4), paving a transport road: directly adopting tailings for a transportation road subgrade in a tailing pond, leveling the road surface by a grader, wherein the width of a single lane of the transportation road is more than or equal to 5m, the width of a double lane of the transportation road is more than or equal to 10m, an out-of-pond road is reserved outside the tailing pond, and 2-3 connecting road sections are reserved outside the transportation road entering the tailing pond;
step 5) adopting a backward excavation mode, enabling an excavator and a transport vehicle to be on the same tailing mining step, after the excavator is filled with the vehicles, transporting the vehicles out of the tailing pond along the road in the pond, entering the road outside the pond, transporting the vehicles to an unloading and transferring platform along the road outside the pond, and then transporting the vehicles to a selection plant through a disc feeder and a belt;
the longitudinal excavation sequence advances layer-by-layer excavation according to a small layering retreating mode of 1-3 m, and a small step is retreated once to excavate a first layer to avoid a wet layer or a water-containing layer to serve as a pavement layer of the transport vehicle;
the whole horizontal tailing recovery sequence is pushed from a dry beach area to a catchment area;
step 6), arranging a drainage open ditch: digging a first open drainage ditch at a position 300-500 m away from the boundary between the catchment area and the dry beach area, wherein the first open drainage ditch is used as a ditch closest to the catchment area and extends downwards in a layered mode from top to bottom, each layer of ditch is 7-9 m deep, the bottom of each layer of ditch is used as a drainage platform and finally reaches an original stratum, a formed dam body is used as a separation strip between the catchment area and the dry beach area, the open drainage ditches are arranged in the dry beach area at intervals of 100-120 m, the rest elevations of the bottom of the ditch are reserved according to the requirement of 7 per thousand of the gradient of a longitudinal slope, and the drainage platform at least leads a tailing extraction step for 2 layers;
step 7) circularly pumping collected water in the open drainage ditch by using a submersible sewage pump to ensure that the height of the water level in the ditch does not exceed 1m of the bottom of the ditch;
and 8) matching the step 3), the step 4), the step 5) and the step 7) according to the requirements of the drainage scheme in the step 6) until the recovery of the tailings pond is finished.
Furthermore, the grade of the main elements contained in the tailings in the mining area division in the step 3) takes the boundary grade, the industrial grade and the high grade as boundary points, the oxidation rate of the tailings is 30% as a boundary, and the humidity is 10% to 30% as a boundary point.
Further, reasonable regional ore blending is carried out on the mined tailings in the step 5) according to the determined tailing mining steps, ore supply is simultaneously mined in 2-3 mining regions, the ore blending ratio is determined according to the required ore supply grade and the average grade of the mining regions, and the ore blending ratio is 1: 1-1: 3.5.
Further, the slope ratio of the open ditch side slope of the drainage open ditch in the step 6) is 1: 1.4-1: 2.0, and the slope is 26.6-35.5 degrees.
Further, the excavation range of the drainage open trench and the stoping area are alternately carried out under the premise that the requirement of the ore supply index is met in the step 6).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the open drainage ditch is excavated for drainage, the wetland excavator is used for ditching, the drainage platform can be layered at least 2 times ahead of the recovery platform, the drainage safety and timeliness can be ensured, the engineering quantity can be directly used as the recovery quantity, the drainage and recovery work is tightly connected, the investment in facility equipment is simple, the recovery work cannot be indirectly influenced, the direct tailing laying of roads in the warehouse is time-saving and convenient, and the entrance and secondary transportation of differential materials are avoided; therefore, the extraction speed of the tailing pond is accelerated, the extraction period is shortened, the problem that the effective working time of the traditional dry-type extraction is short is solved, and the rising speed of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the tailing pond is accelerated, so that the extraction work of the tailing sand of the tailing pond is completed quickly, efficiently and massively, the extraction efficiency of the tailing sand of the tailing pond is improved, the extraction cost is reduced, the extraction time is saved, and the method has wide adaptability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a dry tailings recovery method based on groundwater drainage for a valley type tailings pond of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal projection of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. a dry beach area; 2. a catchment area; 3. a stoping area; 4. extracting a temporary side slope; 5. digging a belt; 6. a tailing stoping step; 7. a transportation road in the warehouse; 8. a dual lane; 9. a road outside the garage; 10. draining the open ditch; 11. an original formation; 12. an isolation zone; 13. open trench side slope; 14. tailings; 15. and (7) a drainage platform.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the dry tailing mining method based on underground water drainage for the valley-type tailing pond of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1) tailings pond survey: dividing the tailings 14 into a dry beach area 1 and a catchment area 2, and carrying out system investigation on the bearing capacity strength of a dry beach foundation of a tailing pond, the stockpiling topography of the dry beach area, the stability of stockpiled dam bodies and the water accumulation condition of the catchment area to provide basic information for dry recovery of the tailings;
step 2) geological exploration of a tailing pond: drilling exploration is carried out on the dry beach area 1 of the tailing pond to master the tailing amount, the quality and the dry and wet degree of the tailing pond;
step 3), mining area division and parameter determination: dividing a mining area 3 based on the consideration of the ore amount, the quality and the dry and wet degree of tailings, the mining elevation and the connection relation of mining and drainage work in the step 1) and the step 2), wherein the height difference of the formed mining area 3 is less than or equal to 10m, the side slope angle of a temporary mining side slope 4 is 45 degrees, the final side slope angle is 45 degrees, the width of a mining belt 5 is determined to be 2 times of the working radius of mining equipment according to the mining equipment, the height of a tailing mining step 6 is not more than the mining height of the equipment, 3m is preferred, the Cu-containing grade of the tailings is 0.2% as a boundary grade, 0.26% as an industrial grade and 0.35% as a high grade as a boundary point, and the oxidation rate of the tailings is 30% as a boundary point; the humidity is preferably 20% as a demarcation point; thereby dividing the extraction area 3;
step 4), paving a transport road: directly excavating tailings by using a 3m full-length planting excavator, directly adopting tailings for transportation road beds in a tailing pond, leveling the road surfaces by using a leveler, wherein the width of a single lane of the transportation road is more than or equal to 5m, the width of a double lane 8 is more than or equal to 10m, an out-of-pond road 9 is left outside the tailing pond, and 2-3 connecting road sections are left after entering the out-of-pond road 9 of the tailing pond;
step 5) adopting a backward excavation mode, enabling an excavator and a transport vehicle to be on the same tailing mining step 6, after the excavator is filled with the vehicles, transporting the vehicles out of the tailing pond along the road in the pond, entering the road 9 outside the pond, transporting the vehicles to an unloading and transferring platform along the road 9 outside the pond, and then transporting the vehicles to a selection plant through a disc feeder and a belt;
the longitudinal excavation sequence advances layer-by-layer excavation according to a small layering retreating mode of 1-3 m, and a small step is retreated once to excavate a first layer to avoid a wet layer or a water-containing layer to serve as a pavement layer of the transport vehicle;
the whole horizontal extraction sequence of the tailings 14 is pushed from the dry beach area 1 to the catchment area 2;
and reasonably carrying out regional ore blending on the extraction tailings 14 according to the determined extraction layering, carrying out simultaneous extraction and ore supply on 2 extraction regions, wherein the ore blending ratio is 1:3.5, and the height difference of extraction steps 6 of different tailings is controlled to be less than or equal to 10m for safety.
Step 6), arranging a drainage open ditch: digging a first open drainage ditch 10 at a position 300-500 m away from the boundary between the catchment area 2 and the dry beach area 1, wherein the first open drainage ditch is used as a ditch closest to the catchment area 2 and extends downwards in layers from top to bottom, the depth of each layer of ditch is 7-9 m, the bottom of each layer of ditch is used as a drainage platform 15, and finally the first open drainage ditch reaches an original stratum 11, a formed dam body is used as an isolation zone 12 between the catchment area 2 and the dry beach area 1, the open drainage ditches 10 are arranged at intervals of 100-120 m in the dry beach area 1, the slope 13 of an open ditch side slope of the open drainage ditch 10 is 1:2.0, the slope is 26.6 degrees, the rest elevations of the bottom of the ditch are reserved according to the requirement of the slope of a longitudinal slope of 7 per thousand, and the drainage platform 15 leads tailings to two layers of;
step 7), circularly pumping collected water in the open drainage ditch 10 by using a submersible sewage pump to ensure that the water level in the ditch does not exceed 1m of the bottom of the ditch;
and 8) matching the step 3), the step 4), the step 5) and the step 7) according to the requirements of the drainage scheme in the step 6) until the recovery of the tailings pond is finished.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A dry tailing mining method for a valley type tailing pond based on underground water drainage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) tailings pond survey: the tailings (14) are divided into a dry beach area (1) and a catchment area (2), and the bearing capacity strength of a dry beach foundation of a tailing pond, the storage topography of the dry beach area, the stability of a storage dam body and the water accumulation condition of the catchment area are systematically investigated, so that basic data are provided for dry-type recovery of the tailings;
step 2) geological exploration of a tailing pond: the amount of tailings in a tailing pond and the quality and the dry and wet degree of the tailings are mastered through drilling;
step 3), mining area division and parameter determination: dividing a stoping area (3) based on consideration of ore quantity, tailing quality and dry and wet degree, stoping elevation and stoping and drainage work connection relation in the step 1) and the step 2), wherein the height difference of the formed stoping area (3) is not more than 10m, the side slope angle of a stoping temporary side slope (4) is 45 degrees, the final side slope angle is 45 degrees, the width of a mining belt (5) is determined to be 2 times of the working radius of mining equipment according to the mining equipment, and the height of a tailing stoping step (6) is not more than the excavating height of the mining equipment;
step 4), paving a transport road: tailings are directly adopted for the transportation road subgrade in the tailing pond, a grader levels the road surface, the width of a single lane of the transportation road is more than or equal to 5m, the width of a double lane (8) is more than or equal to 10m, an out-of-pond road (9) is reserved outside the tailing pond, and 2-3 connecting road sections are reserved on the road (9) entering the tailing pond out of the tailing pond;
step 5) adopting a backward excavation mode, enabling an excavator and a transport vehicle to be located on the same tailing mining step (6), after the excavator is filled with the vehicles, transporting the vehicles out of the tailing pond along the road inside the pond, entering the road (9) outside the pond, transporting the vehicles to an unloading transfer platform along the road (9) outside the pond, and then transporting the vehicles to a plant selection through a disc feeder and a belt;
the longitudinal excavation sequence advances layer-by-layer excavation according to a small layering retreating mode of 1-3 m, and a small step is retreated once to excavate a first layer to avoid a wet layer or a water-containing layer to serve as a pavement layer of the transport vehicle;
the whole horizontal extraction sequence of the tailings (14) is pushed from the dry beach area (1) to the catchment area (2);
step 6), arranging a drainage open ditch: digging a first open drainage ditch (10) at a position 300-500 m away from the boundary between the catchment area (2) and the dry beach area (1), wherein the first open drainage ditch is used as a ditch closest to the catchment area (2) and extends downwards in layers from top to bottom, the depth of each layer of ditch is 7-9 m, the bottom of each layer of ditch is used as a drainage platform (15) and finally reaches an original stratum (11), a formed dam body is used as an isolation zone (12) between the catchment area (2) and the dry beach area (1), the open drainage ditches (10) are arranged in the dry beach area (1) at intervals of 100-120 m, the elevation of the bottom of ditch is reserved according to the requirement of 7 per thousand of the gradient of a longitudinal slope, and the drainage platform (15) at least leads a tailing mining step (6) for 2 layers;
step 7), circulating and draining collected water in the open drainage ditch (10) by using a submersible sewage pump, and ensuring that the level of the water in the ditch does not exceed 1m of the bottom of the ditch;
and 8) matching the step 3), the step 4), the step 5) and the step 7) according to the requirements of the drainage scheme in the step 6) until the recovery of the tailings pond is finished.
2. The dry tailings recovery method based on groundwater drainage for a valley type tailings pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the grade of the main elements contained in the tailings in the division of the stoping area (3) takes the boundary grade, the industrial grade and the high grade as boundary points, the oxidation rate of the tailings is 30% as a boundary, and the humidity is 10% -30% as a boundary point.
3. The dry tailings recovery method based on groundwater drainage for a valley type tailings pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and reasonably carrying out regional ore blending on the mined tailings (14) in the step 5) according to the determined tailings mining steps (6), and simultaneously mining and supplying ores in 2-3 mining regions (3), wherein the ore blending ratio is determined according to the required ore supply grade and the average grade of the mining regions, and the ore blending ratio is 1: 1-1: 3.5.
4. The dry tailings recovery method based on groundwater drainage for a valley type tailings pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the slope ratio of the open ditch side slope (13) of the drainage open ditch (10) in the step 6) is 1: 1.4-1: 2.0, and the slope is 26.6-35.5 degrees.
5. The dry tailings recovery method based on groundwater drainage for a valley type tailings pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step 6), on the premise of meeting the requirement of the ore supply index, the excavation range of the open drainage ditch (10) and the stoping area (3) are alternately carried out.
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CN114263460B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-11-17 | 山东金岭矿业股份有限公司 | Stoping method for mountain-side tailing pond |
CN118172677B (en) * | 2024-05-14 | 2024-08-16 | 山东科技大学 | Planning method and related equipment for tailing drainage consolidation based on neural network identification |
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