CN110904839A - 一种斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索 - Google Patents

一种斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索 Download PDF

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CN110904839A
CN110904839A CN201911272788.0A CN201911272788A CN110904839A CN 110904839 A CN110904839 A CN 110904839A CN 201911272788 A CN201911272788 A CN 201911272788A CN 110904839 A CN110904839 A CN 110904839A
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cable
insulation layer
cable body
stayed bridge
fluorinated film
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蒋振雄
赵军
周祝兵
李镇
朱晓雄
吴琼
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Jiangsu Fasten Steel Cable Co ltd
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    • E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，包括张拉在桥梁和桥塔之间的索体，近梁端索体外包覆隔热层，隔热层外包覆隔火层，隔火层为金属护套管，所述隔热层为陶瓷纤维布或者为外表面具有防火涂层的陶瓷纤维布；其中陶瓷纤维布具有空间网状结构，在空间网状结构中填充矿物填料，矿物填料通过胶水固结在空间网状结构的孔隙中；近塔端索体外周包裹电发热胶带，电发热胶带为夹层结构，包括内外复合的内层PVF氟化膜、印刷电阻层、外层PVF氟化膜，印刷电阻层通电后发热对索体加热。根据实际情况，在拉索不同部位针对性的进行功能结构改造，更具实用性。

Description

一种斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索
技术领域
本发明涉及一种拉索，具体涉及一种兼备抗火烧、防结冰功能的拉索。
背景技术
桥梁的缆索系统是现代大跨度桥梁的主要承重结构。在很多地区，由于桥梁缆索的结冰问题给桥梁的运行和维护带来安全隐患，例如武汉二七长江大桥，因为低处潮湿环境，冬季低温下，容易在桥梁拉索发生结冰，对车辆过往产生威胁。因此，易结冰地区桥梁缆索系统的除冰是桥梁设计、建设和维护单位必须考虑的关键问题之一。
不管是悬索桥、斜拉索还是其他结构桥梁，其主要受力构件都是缆索，缆索一般由钢丝和护套等组成，一但发生火灾，缆索现有的结构将直接烧毁，后果不堪设想。目前国内缆索防火主要在锚头结构或索体增加特定构造等方面，虽然理论上起到一定作用，但对现有的锚具结构和缆索外形、重量、耐久性等等都带来了受力、抗风等诸多不确定性，致使目前均未在桥梁结构上得以广泛应用。
综上，抗火烧、防结冰是桥梁拉索的两大主要功能，一般地，桥梁火灾主要还是由桥梁交通事故引起的，而冰冻灾害主要是指高空冰块掉落砸伤桥梁路面的车辆，因此抗火烧应侧重拉索梁端，防结冰侧重拉索塔端。
发明内容
本发明针对拉索梁端抗火烧、塔端防结冰的现实需求，提供一种拉索结构，在梁端采用抗火烧的结构设计，在塔端采用防结冰的结构设计，更加实用。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为：一种斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，包括张拉在桥梁和桥塔之间的索体，近梁端索体外包覆隔热层，所述隔热层外包覆隔火层，所述隔火层为金属护套管，所述隔热层为陶瓷纤维布或者为外表面具有防火涂层的陶瓷纤维布；其中陶瓷纤维布具有空间网状结构，在所述空间网状结构中填充矿物填料，矿物填料通过胶水固结在所述空间网状结构的孔隙中；近塔端索体外周包裹电发热胶带，所述电发热胶带为夹层结构，包括内外复合的内层PVF氟化膜、印刷电阻层、外层PVF氟化膜，所述印刷电阻层通电后发热对所述索体加热。
优选地，所述金属护套管是由两个弧形管对合而成。
优选地，所述金属护套管是由两个不锈钢弧形管对合而成。
优选地，所述陶瓷纤维布是由陶瓷纤维、不锈钢丝、芳纶混合压制成型的网状结构。
优选地，所述印刷电阻层是由导电浆料印刷在所述内、外层PVF氟化膜中间形成的。
优选地，所述印刷电阻层在所述内、外层PVF氟化膜之间局部印刷，使印刷电阻层对索体构成局部加热。
优选地，所述近塔端索体表面设置热电偶用于监测索体表面温度。
所述索体包括钢丝束，所述钢丝束外为缠包带，所述缠包带外为聚乙烯包层。此外，所述索体包括多根钢绞线构成的钢丝束和护套层。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本申请针对实际情况，设计了一款拉索，近塔端具有抗冰冻效果，近梁端具有防火烧的效果，这样可不明显造成拉索本身的结构复杂化。根据实际情况，在拉索不同部位针对性的进行功能结构改造，更具有实用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的近塔端索体截面示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1的近梁端索体截面示意图；
图3为本发明实施例2的近塔端索体截面示意图；
图4为本发明实施例2的近梁端索体截面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本实施例涉及一种拉索，拉索张拉在桥梁和桥塔之间，如图1所示，近塔端索体包括高强热镀钢丝束1、高强缠包带2、黑色HDPE包层3，在索体外面无缝缠绕电发热胶带，述电发热胶带为夹层结构，包括内外复合的内层PVF氟化膜4、印刷电阻层5、外层PVF氟化膜6，印刷电阻层5通电后发热对索体加热。内、外层PVF氟化膜耐久性好，并具有很好的传热效果。
印刷电阻层5是由导电浆料印刷在内、外层PVF氟化膜中间形成的。具体是在真空密闭环境中，使用激光照射金属丝使熔解，在电场的作用下熔融的金属粉定向沉积到PVF氟化膜表面。
进一步地，在索体表面设置热电偶用于监测索体表面温度。加热由专用的自动化系统控制，以控制加热开始并尽快达到设定的除冰温度。拉索表面布设热电偶实时监测反馈表面温度，以保障系统安全性。当加热电流过大时，系统可自动切断电压，以避免过热风险。由于导电层被完全集成到PVF胶带中，因此其施工和安装与当前PVF胶带缠包工艺可实现无缝对接。不仅简化了结构，施工难度也大大降低。
如图2所示，近梁端索体外包覆隔热层7，隔热层7外包覆隔火层8，隔火层8为金属护套管，由两个不锈钢弧形管对合而成，为哈弗式结构。
隔热层8为陶瓷纤维布，并在陶瓷纤维布的外表面再涂覆防火涂层，防火涂料为市售。本实施例中的陶瓷纤维布并不是平面结构，而是由陶瓷纤维、不锈钢丝、芳纶混合压制成型的空间网状结构，并在空间网状结构中填充矿物填料，矿物填料通过胶水固结在空间网状结构的孔隙中。
取矿物填料，如海泡石、高岭土等，研磨成细粉，混入胶水中，将陶瓷纤维布浸渍在胶水中，最后烧结固化。矿物填料本身具有多孔结构，混入陶瓷纤维布中，增加了空隙率，提高隔热效果。
实施例2
作为本申请的一种变换，近塔端索体可设计成局部发热的结构，由于大部分结冰是发生在拉索顶部，因此可对索体顶部进行局部加热，这时候，通过结构改进，可实现印刷电阻层5对索体的定部覆盖，可以大大节省加热功率，减小能耗。参见图3.
索体除了是平行钢丝束外，也可以是若干股钢绞线。
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例，但是应该清楚地理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，包括张拉在桥梁和桥塔之间的索体，其特征在于：近梁端索体外包覆隔热层，所述隔热层外包覆隔火层，所述隔火层为金属护套管，所述隔热层为陶瓷纤维布或者为外表面具有防火涂层的陶瓷纤维布；其中陶瓷纤维布具有空间网状结构，在所述空间网状结构中填充矿物填料，矿物填料通过胶水固结在所述空间网状结构的孔隙中；
近塔端索体外周包裹电发热胶带，所述电发热胶带为夹层结构，包括内外复合的内层PVF氟化膜、印刷电阻层、外层PVF氟化膜，所述印刷电阻层通电后发热对所述索体加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述金属护套管是由两个弧形管对合而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述金属护套管是由两个不锈钢弧形管对合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述陶瓷纤维布是由陶瓷纤维、不锈钢丝、芳纶混合压制成型的网状结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述印刷电阻层是由导电浆料印刷在所述内、外层PVF氟化膜中间形成的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述印刷电阻层在所述内、外层PVF氟化膜之间局部印刷，使印刷电阻层对索体构成局部加热。
7.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述近塔端索体表面设置热电偶用于监测索体表面温度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述索体包括钢丝束，所述钢丝束外为缠包带，所述缠包带外为聚乙烯包层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的斜拉桥用防火烧、抗结冰耐久型拉索，其特征在于：所述索体包括多根钢绞线构成的钢丝束和护套层。
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