CN110903911A - Peony essential oil extraction method - Google Patents
Peony essential oil extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110903911A CN110903911A CN201911352210.6A CN201911352210A CN110903911A CN 110903911 A CN110903911 A CN 110903911A CN 201911352210 A CN201911352210 A CN 201911352210A CN 110903911 A CN110903911 A CN 110903911A
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- peony
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- flowers
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- 235000006484 Paeonia officinalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 244000170916 Paeonia officinalis Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000736199 Paeonia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N (R)-linalool Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N Geraniol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005792 Geraniol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N Nerol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940113087 geraniol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019462 natural additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009759 skin aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005808 skin problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003815 supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/027—Recovery of volatiles by distillation or stripping
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting peony essential oil, which comprises the following steps: 1. picking fresh peony flowers, loading along with picking, and transporting in a constant temperature vehicle; 2. conveying the peony to a pretreatment workshop to remove pedicel, receptacle, stamen and pistil to obtain pure peony petals; 3. directly conveying pure peony petals into an extraction tank for extraction without crushing, drying, grinding and other treatments to obtain peony flower extraction paste; 4. injecting the extract into a distillation retort, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain peony essential oil; fresh peony flowers which are just picked are used as raw materials, and the low temperature is kept in the transportation process, so that the quality of the peony flowers is ensured before extraction, and the problems of excessive dehydration and deterioration of the peony flowers are avoided; butane or propane is used as fluid, and absolute ethyl alcohol is used as entrainer for extraction, so that the extraction efficiency and the oil yield are improved; the peony essential oil can be well separated by using the absolute ethyl alcohol for reduced pressure distillation, and the absolute ethyl alcohol can be recycled, so that the environmental protection and energy saving are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, and particularly relates to a peony essential oil extraction method.
Background
The peony essential oil is volatile oily liquid extracted and separated from flowers, leaves, roots and fruits of peony, and the peony essential oil extracted from the flowers is particularly expensive. According to statistics, 6000kg of peony petals are needed for producing 1kg of peony essential oil. The peony essential oil is rich in various amino acids and trace elements required by human bodies, and has the effects of resisting sensitivity, improving blood circulation, maintaining beauty and keeping young, promoting cell regeneration, relieving skin aging, regulating skin problems, balancing hormone secretion in females and the like. In addition, the peony essential oil is rich in natural fragrant substances, such as: linalool, nerol, geraniol, nonanal, and the like. The natural compounds can be used as natural additives to be applied to foods, beverages and daily chemical products. At present, the peony essential oil is mainly extracted by a steam distillation method and a supercritical CO2 extraction method. The steam distillation process comprises the following steps: collecting fresh peony petals, adding 10% sodium chloride for pickling, performing steam distillation, collecting 1-20 times of distillate, removing impurities by a molecular interception method, extracting the intercepted liquid with ethyl acetate, recovering ethyl acetate under reduced pressure, collecting fractions lighter than water and heavier than water by steam distillation of the residual liquid, dehydrating with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtering to obtain peony essential oil. The method has simple equipment, easy operation and low cost, but the loss of the effective components of the essential oil is easily caused by long-time high-temperature operation. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method: the peony essence is prepared by using fresh peony flowers as raw materials, extracting the peony extract by using supercritical CO2, and then extracting the peony extract by using a molecular distillation method. Although the method can effectively protect the thermosensitive and easily-oxidized components of the essential oil from being damaged and has no solvent residue, the oil yield is not very high because the fluid circulation circuit is longer in the supercritical fluid extraction process, the essential oil loss is large and the loss in a separation kettle is also large. Meanwhile, the method has high technical requirements and large equipment cost and investment. Therefore, improvement of the extraction method of peony essential oil is needed to increase the yield of essential oil and reduce the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting peony essential oil, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for extracting peony essential oil comprises the following steps:
s1, picking fresh peony flowers, loading the fresh peony flowers along with picking, and transporting the fresh peony flowers in a constant-temperature vehicle;
s2, conveying the peony to a pretreatment workshop to remove pedicel, receptacle, stamen and pistil to obtain pure peony petals;
s3, directly conveying the pure peony petals into an extraction tank for extraction without crushing, drying, grinding and other treatments, and recovering the solvent to obtain peony extraction paste;
s4, injecting the extraction paste into a distillation retort, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the peony essential oil.
Preferably, the picking time of the peony flowers in the S1 is 6-10 am, the maturity of the peony flowers is from blossom to blossom, and the temperature in the constant-temperature vehicle is 0.5-3 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature in the pretreatment plant in S2 is 3-10 ℃.
Preferably, the extraction process in S3 uses butane or propane as fluid and absolute ethanol as entrainer.
Preferably, in the S3, the pure peony petals are conveyed to an extraction tank under the condition that the temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the extraction temperature is 30-48 ℃, the extraction pressure is 0.2-6 MPa, and the extraction time is 17-24 h.
Preferably, anhydrous ethanol with the weight 1-3 times of that of the extraction paste is injected into the S4, the distillation temperature is 120-140 ℃, the vacuum degree in a distillation tank is 35-55Pa, and the distillation time is 3-5 h.
Preferably, the yield of the peony essential oil obtained by the extraction method is 1.2% -1.38%.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: fresh peony flowers which are just picked are used as raw materials, and the low temperature is kept in the transportation process, so that the quality of the peony flowers is ensured before extraction, and the problems of excessive dehydration and deterioration of the peony flowers are avoided; butane or propane is used as fluid, and absolute ethyl alcohol is used as entrainer for extraction, so that the extraction efficiency and the oil yield are improved; the peony essential oil can be better separated by using the absolute ethyl alcohol for reduced pressure distillation, and the absolute ethyl alcohol can be recycled, so that the method is an environment-friendly and energy-saving extraction method.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
Example 1
The method for extracting peony essential oil provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, picking fresh peony flowers whose flowers bloom to the beginning at 6 am, loading the flowers with the flowers, and transporting the flowers in a constant temperature vehicle at the temperature of 0.5 ℃ in the vehicle;
s2, conveying the peony to a pretreatment workshop to remove pedicel, receptacle, stamen and pistil to obtain pure peony petals, wherein the temperature in the pretreatment workshop is 3 ℃;
s3, directly conveying pure peony petals into an extraction tank under the condition that the temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, extracting by using butane or propane as a fluid and absolute ethyl alcohol as an entrainer and recovering a solvent to obtain peony flower extraction paste without crushing, drying, grinding and other treatments on the original petals, wherein the extraction temperature is 30 ℃, the extraction pressure is 0.2MPa, and the extraction time is 17 hours;
s4, injecting the extraction paste into a distillation tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol into the distillation tank, wherein the ethyl alcohol is 1 time of the extraction paste, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain the peony essential oil, wherein the distillation temperature is 120 ℃, the vacuum degree in the distillation tank is 35Pa, and the distillation time is 3 h.
The peony essential oil extraction method provided by the embodiment has a peony essential oil yield of 1.2%.
Example 2
S1, picking fresh peony flowers which bloom to the beginning at 8 o' clock in the morning, loading the flowers with the flowers, and transporting the flowers in a constant temperature vehicle at the temperature of 1.7 ℃;
s2, conveying the peony to a pretreatment workshop to remove pedicel, receptacle, stamen and pistil to obtain pure peony petals, wherein the temperature in the pretreatment workshop is 6.5 ℃;
s3, directly conveying pure peony petals into an extraction tank under the condition that the temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, extracting by using butane or propane as a fluid and absolute ethyl alcohol as an entrainer and recovering a solvent to obtain peony flower extraction paste without crushing, drying, grinding and other treatments on the original petals, wherein the extraction temperature is 39 ℃, the extraction pressure is 3.1MPa, and the extraction time is 20.5 hours;
s4, injecting the extraction paste into a distillation tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol into the distillation tank, wherein the ethyl alcohol is 2 times of the extraction paste, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain the peony essential oil, wherein the distillation temperature is 130 ℃, the vacuum degree in the distillation tank is 45Pa, and the distillation time is 4 h.
The peony essential oil extraction method provided by the embodiment has a peony essential oil yield of 1.29%.
Example 3
S1, picking fresh peony flowers whose flowers blossom fell to the beginning at 10 am, loading the flowers with the flowers, and transporting the flowers in a constant temperature vehicle at a temperature of 3 ℃ in the vehicle;
s2, conveying the peony to a pretreatment workshop to remove pedicel, receptacle, stamen and pistil to obtain pure peony petals, wherein the temperature in the pretreatment workshop is 10 ℃;
s3, directly conveying pure peony petals into an extraction tank under the condition that the temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, extracting by using butane or propane as a fluid and absolute ethyl alcohol as an entrainer and recovering a solvent to obtain peony flower extraction paste without crushing, drying, grinding and other treatments on the original petals, wherein the extraction temperature is 48 ℃, the extraction pressure is 6MPa, and the extraction time is 24 hours;
s4, injecting the extraction paste into a distillation tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol into the distillation tank, wherein the ethyl alcohol is 3 times of the extraction paste, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain the peony essential oil, wherein the distillation temperature is 140 ℃, the vacuum degree in the distillation tank is 55Pa, and the distillation time is 5 h.
The peony essential oil extraction method provided by the embodiment has a peony essential oil yield of 1.38%.
According to the method for extracting peony essential oil, fresh peony flowers which are just picked are used as raw materials, the low temperature is kept in the transportation process, the quality of the peony flowers is guaranteed before extraction, and the problems of excessive dehydration and deterioration of the peony flowers are avoided; butane or propane is used as fluid, and absolute ethyl alcohol is used as entrainer for extraction, so that the extraction efficiency and the oil yield are improved; the peony essential oil can be better separated by using the absolute ethyl alcohol for reduced pressure distillation, and the absolute ethyl alcohol can be recycled, so that the method is an environment-friendly and energy-saving extraction method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for extracting peony essential oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, picking fresh peony flowers, loading the fresh peony flowers along with picking, and transporting the fresh peony flowers in a constant-temperature vehicle;
s2, conveying the peony to a pretreatment workshop to remove pedicel, receptacle, stamen and pistil to obtain pure peony petals;
s3, directly conveying the pure peony petals into an extraction tank for extraction without crushing, drying, grinding and other treatments, and recovering the solvent to obtain peony extraction paste;
s4, injecting the extraction paste into a distillation retort, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the peony essential oil.
2. The method for extracting peony essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the picking time of the peony flowers in the S1 is 6-10 am, the maturity of the peony flowers is from blossom to blossom, and the temperature in the constant temperature vehicle is 0.5-3 ℃.
3. The method for extracting peony essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature in the pretreatment workshop in the S2 is 3-10 ℃.
4. The method for extracting peony essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the extraction process in S3 uses butane or propane as fluid and absolute ethyl alcohol as entrainer.
5. The method for extracting peony essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the S3, the pure peony petals are conveyed to an extraction tank under the condition that the temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the extraction temperature is 30-48 ℃, the extraction pressure is 0.2-6 MPa, and the extraction time is 17-24 h.
6. The method for extracting peony essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) absolute ethyl alcohol with the weight 1-3 times of that of the extraction paste is injected into the S4, the distillation temperature is 120-140 ℃, the vacuum degree in a distillation tank is 35-55Pa, and the distillation time is 3-5 h.
7. The method for extracting peony essential oil according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the yield of the peony essential oil obtained by the extraction method is 1.2-1.38%.
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CN201911352210.6A CN110903911A (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Peony essential oil extraction method |
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CN201911352210.6A CN110903911A (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Peony essential oil extraction method |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111849642A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-30 | 菏泽瑞璞牡丹产业科技发展有限公司 | Peony fresh flower water and preparation method thereof |
CN113265300A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-17 | 菏泽牡丹产业技术研究院 | Method for extracting peony essential oil at low temperature by solvent method |
CN114292701A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 河南省商业科学研究所有限责任公司 | Extraction method of peony essential oil |
CN114891564A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-12 | 张朝风 | Method for extracting and preparing plant natural perfume |
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CN105779136A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-07-20 | 黄宇松 | Peony flower essential oil extracting method |
CN107881007A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-06 | 陕西易阳科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of tree peony extrait |
CN108865440A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-23 | 菏泽瑞璞牡丹产业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of subcritical abstraction fresh peony flower medicinal extract |
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CN104004589A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-08-27 | 菏泽中禾健元生物科技有限公司 | Producing method of peony essential oil |
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CN111849642A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-30 | 菏泽瑞璞牡丹产业科技发展有限公司 | Peony fresh flower water and preparation method thereof |
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CN114292701A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 河南省商业科学研究所有限责任公司 | Extraction method of peony essential oil |
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CN114891564A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-12 | 张朝风 | Method for extracting and preparing plant natural perfume |
CN114891564B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2024-01-30 | 吴基 | Method for extracting and preparing plant natural spice |
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