CN110901626A - 一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统及控制策略 - Google Patents

一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统及控制策略 Download PDF

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CN110901626A
CN110901626A CN201911376267.XA CN201911376267A CN110901626A CN 110901626 A CN110901626 A CN 110901626A CN 201911376267 A CN201911376267 A CN 201911376267A CN 110901626 A CN110901626 A CN 110901626A
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power battery
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郭伟伟
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Hengyang Zhi Tram Co Ltd
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
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    • B60R16/0231—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统及控制策略，本发明不仅拥有纯电动的所有优点还利用了发动机的高效率区间进行工作，完美结合了发动机和电机的特性合理利用资源，不仅解决了续驶里程短的问题，还有效降低了能耗。系统成本低，易于维护和保养，使用成本低；速比范围宽，发动机可以在各种工况下工作在高效率区间；一档速比大，大扭矩动力强劲，最大爬坡度＞30%；高压系统失效后车辆仍然可以正常工作和行驶；节油率可以达到50%以上。

Description

一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统及控制策略
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统及控制策略。
背景技术：
目前各大车企以及新能源行业开始大力推动纯电动车，但是由于电池的性能以及价格的限制纯电动车存在了极大的限制，纯电动车的续驶里程以及电池的不稳定性阻碍了纯电动的发展。而插电式混合动力则可以利用电网充电，电动+燃油车组合的方式即可以满足续驶里程的问题又可以在燃油车的基础上降低油耗，从而达到节能减排的目标。
插电式混合动力客车安装50kwh左右的电量，单纯依靠纯电行驶可行驶60km以上，当SOC不足时已经发动机并没有达到最佳油耗区间时，启动ISG电机给动力电池充电。因此，混合动力存在很多优势：首先它拥有纯电动的所有优点，可利用闲暇或者晚上时间给动力电池补电；如果行驶的里程较短纯电完全可以满足续驶里程的要求；混合动力是发动机与电机的串联可以一直使发动机处于低油耗区间工作，两者完美结合使得污染气体的排放大大降低。因此，混合动力的研究成为重要的发展方向，而专利就探讨了混合动力工作过程的控制逻辑以达到节能减排的效果。
发明内容：
本发明提供一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统及控制策略，解决的问题是如何选择车辆的工作模式“纯电模式”、“发动机模式”、“混动模式”以及发动机与电机如何相互切换。
本发明所采用的技术方案有：
一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统，包括电池管理系统、混动控制器、换挡面板、动力电池、发动机、ISG电机、AMT变速箱、高压柜、电机控制器、电空调、差速器、CAN总线以及由DCDC变频器与转向泵变频器组成的二合一，所述电池管理系统、混动控制器、换挡面板、发动机、AMT变速箱和电机控制器之间通过CAN总线相连并对应实现控制信号传输，发动机与ISG电机相连并为ISG电机提供电能，ISG电机的输出轴与AMT变速箱的输入端相连，AMT变速箱的输出端与差速器相连；所述动力电池的正负极和电空调的正负极均对应连接在高压柜上，二合一中的DCDC变频器和转向泵变频器对应将高压柜的直流转换为低压直流及三相交流电；电机控制器与ISG电机相连，电机控制器将动力电池输入的DC高压电转换为三项交流电供ISG电机工作，ISG电机将AMT变速箱反馈的机械能经过电机控制器转换为电能并储存在动力电池。
进一步地，所述高压柜上连接有充电口。
进一步地，所述差速器和AMT变速箱之间通过连接法兰相连。
进一步地，所述混动控制器上连接有强制充电开关和纯电模式开关。
本发明还提供一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统的控制策略，包括：
1）车辆起步阶段，在车速V≤25km/h时，汽车的发动机处于怠速或者熄火，此时由ISG电机单独驱动车辆起步；
2）当车速V＞25km/h时，若车辆行驶的工作扭矩超过发动机最大扭矩的80%，ISG电机开始工作，并作为补充动力协助发动机驱动车辆；
3）当车辆进行制动或者滑行时，发动机处于怠速或者停机，由ISG电机充当发电机功能进行能量回馈，将车辆的能量储存在动力电池中来达到能量循环利用、节能的目的；
4）车速在45km/h≤V≤50km/h时，发动机驱动ISG电机发电；
5）当动力电池SOC低于25%时，在车辆满足发动机启动、回空挡和拉手刹的工况时，按下强制充电开关（15），混动控制器（2）给电机控制器（10）发送负扭矩命令，并强制给动力电池充电至SOC为75%；
6）在拥堵路段且动力电池SOC在正常范围内，使用纯电模式开关（16）可强制将车辆切换到纯电模式，该模式下发动机熄火，ISG电机驱动；
在车辆前、后储气筒的气压低于0.65Mpa时，车辆自动启动发动机；
在发动机启动仅处于怠速状态，且在纯电运行模式下动力电池SOC＜25%时，强行退出纯电模式；
7）车辆在补电时，充电口（14）连接充电桩对车辆进行充电。
6.如权利要求5所述的新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统的控制策略，其特征在于：所述动力电池的SOC正常范围为30%-75%。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明不仅拥有纯电动的所有优点还利用了发动机的高效率区间进行工作，完美结合了发动机和电机的特性合理利用资源，不仅解决了续驶里程短的问题，还有效降低了能耗。
系统成本低，易于维护和保养，使用成本低；速比范围宽，发动机可以在各种工况下工作在高效率区间；一档速比大，大扭矩动力强劲，最大爬坡度＞30%；高压系统失效后车辆仍然可以正常工作和行驶；节油率可以达到50%以上。
附图说明：
图 1 为本发明系统的结构原理图。
图 2 为本发明系统的能量简图。
图1中：
1、电池管理系统（BMS）；2、混动控制器（HCU）；3、换挡面板（SCU）；4、动力电池；5、发动机；6、ISG电机；7、AMT变速箱；8、连接法兰；9、高压柜（PDU）；10、电机控制器（MCU）；11、电空调；12、二合一；13、差速器；14、充电口；15、强制充电开关；16、纯电模式开关；
图 3 为本发明系统网络架构。
图3中：SCU（换挡面板）；HCU（混动控制器）；TCU（变速箱控制器）；BMS（电池管理系统）；MCU（电机控制器）；OBD（标准OBD诊断口）；120Ω代表CAN网络内的终端电阻；
备注：CAN1H、CAN1L为常规部分CAN网络架构，CAN2H、CAN2L为纯电部分CAN网络架构；
图 4 为使用本发明系统的车辆起步曲线图。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1至图4，本发明一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统，包括电池管理系统1、混动控制器2、换挡面板3、动力电池4、发动机5、ISG电机6、AMT变速箱7、高压柜9、电机控制器10、电空调11、差速器13、CAN总线以及由DCDC变频器与转向泵变频器（SDCAC）组成的二合一12。
电池管理系统1、混动控制器2、换挡面板3、发动机5、AMT变速箱7和电机控制器10之间通过CAN总线相连并对应实现控制信号传输，发动机5与ISG电机6相连并为ISG电机6提供电能，ISG电机6的输出轴与AMT变速箱7的输入端相连，AMT变速箱7的输出端与差速器13相连。动力电池4的正负极和电空调11的正负极均对应连接在高压柜9上，二合一12中的DCDC变频器和转向泵变频器对应将高压柜的直流转换为低压直流及三相交流电。电机控制器10与ISG电机6相连，电机控制器10将动力电池4输入的DC高压电转换为三项交流电供ISG电机6工作，ISG电机6将AMT变速箱7反馈的机械能经过电机控制器10转换为电能并储存在动力电池4。
本发明中的ISG电机，既可以充当电机单独工作，也可以和发动机共同驱动来满足车辆动力需求，更可以作为一个发电机将车辆产生的多余能量抓换为电能储存在动力电池中。
在高压柜9上连接有充电口14。差速器13和AMT变速箱7之间通过连接法兰8相连。在混动控制器2上连接有强制充电开关15和纯电模式开关16。
以下对本发明并联系统的控制策略进行详细说明，本发明系统包括：
1）发动机怠速，ISG电机驱动：车辆起步阶段，在车速V≤25km/h时，汽车的发动机处于怠速或者熄火，此时由ISG电机单独驱动车辆起步。
2）发动机驱动ISG电机助力：当车速V＞25km/h时，离合结合发动机驱动车辆，若车辆行驶的工作扭矩超过发动机最大扭矩的80%（如爬坡、重载），ISG电机开始工作，并作为补充动力协助发动机驱动车辆，可以使发动机处于高效的工作区间。
3）ISG电机发电：当车辆进行制动或者滑行时，发动机处于怠速或者停机，由ISG电机充当发电机功能进行能量回馈，将车辆的能量储存在动力电池中来达到能量循环利用、节能的目的。
4）发动机主驱ISG电机发电：车速在45km/h≤V≤50km/h时，发动机驱动ISG电机发电。
5）强制充电模式：当动力电池SOC低于25%时（强制充电模式也可以在动力电池任意SOC下执行），在车辆满足发动机启动、回空挡和拉手刹的工况时，按下强制充电开关15，HCU会控制发动机提高发动机转速、离合器结合、电机旋转、并给MCU发送负扭矩命令，则强制给电池充电SOC为75%。如果在使用强制充电开关15前发动机处于关闭状态则自动启动发动机，在满足所有充电条件下进行充电。
6）纯电模式：纯电模式下，在拥堵路段且动力电池SOC在30%-75%内，使用纯电模式开关16可强制将车辆切换到纯电模式，该模式下发动机熄火，ISG电机驱动。在车辆前、后储气筒的气压低于0.65Mpa时，车辆自动启动发动机。在发动机启动仅处于怠速状态，且在纯电运行模式下动力电池SOC＜25%时，强行退出纯电模式；
7）充电模式：车辆在补电时，充电口14连接充电桩对车辆进行充电。
以上为本发明系统控制策略，它不仅拥有纯电动的所有优点还利用了发动机的高效率区间进行工作，完美结合了发动机和电机的特性合理利用资源，不仅解决了续驶里程短的问题，还有效降低了能耗。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统，其特征在于：包括电池管理系统（1）、混动控制器（2）、换挡面板（3）、动力电池（4）、发动机（5）、ISG电机（6）、AMT变速箱（7）、高压柜（9）、电机控制器（10）、电空调（11）、差速器（13）、CAN总线以及由DCDC变频器与转向泵变频器组成的二合一（12），
所述电池管理系统（1）、混动控制器（2）、换挡面板（3）、发动机（5）、AMT变速箱（7）和电机控制器（10）之间通过CAN总线相连并对应实现控制信号传输，发动机（5）与ISG电机（6）相连并为ISG电机（6）提供电能，ISG电机（6）的输出轴与AMT变速箱（7）的输入端相连，AMT变速箱（7）的输出端与差速器（13）相连；所述动力电池（4）的正负极和电空调（11）的正负极均对应连接在高压柜（9）上，二合一（12）中的DCDC变频器和转向泵变频器对应将高压柜的直流转换为低压直流及三相交流电；电机控制器（10）与ISG电机（6）相连，电机控制器（10）将动力电池（4）输入的DC高压电转换为三项交流电供ISG电机（6）工作，ISG电机（6）将AMT变速箱（7）反馈的机械能经过电机控制器（10）转换为电能并储存在动力电池（4）。
2.如权利要求1所述的新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统，其特征在于：所述高压柜（9）上连接有充电口（14）。
3.如权利要求1所述的新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统，其特征在于：所述差速器（13）和AMT变速箱（7）之间通过连接法兰（8）相连。
4.如权利要求1所述的新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统，其特征在于：所述混动控制器（2）上连接有强制充电开关（15）和纯电模式开关（16）。
5.一种新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统的控制策略，其特征在于：包括：
1）车辆起步阶段，在车速V≤25km/h时，汽车的发动机处于怠速或者熄火，此时由ISG电机单独驱动车辆起步；
2）当车速V＞25km/h时，若车辆行驶的工作扭矩超过发动机最大扭矩的80%，ISG电机开始工作，并作为补充动力协助发动机驱动车辆；
3）当车辆进行制动或者滑行时，发动机处于怠速或者停机，由ISG电机充当发电机功能进行能量回馈，将车辆的能量储存在动力电池中来达到能量循环利用、节能的目的；
4）车速在45km/h≤V≤50km/h时，发动机驱动ISG电机发电；
5）当动力电池SOC低于25%时，在车辆满足发动机启动、回空挡和拉手刹的工况时，按下强制充电开关（15），混动控制器（2）给电机控制器（10）发送负扭矩命令，并强制给动力电池充电至SOC为75%；
6）在拥堵路段且动力电池SOC在正常范围内，使用纯电模式开关（16）可强制将车辆切换到纯电模式，该模式下发动机熄火，ISG电机驱动；
在车辆前、后储气筒的气压低于0.65Mpa时，车辆自动启动发动机；
在发动机启动仅处于怠速状态，且在纯电运行模式下动力电池SOC＜25%时，强行退出纯电模式；
7）车辆在补电时，充电口（14）连接充电桩对车辆进行充电。
6.如权利要求5所述的新型插电式油电混合动力并联系统的控制策略，其特征在于：所述动力电池的SOC正常范围为30%-75%。
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