CN110899977A - Method for improving mechanical property of copper-aluminum alloy welding force - Google Patents
Method for improving mechanical property of copper-aluminum alloy welding force Download PDFInfo
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- CN110899977A CN110899977A CN201810990004.7A CN201810990004A CN110899977A CN 110899977 A CN110899977 A CN 110899977A CN 201810990004 A CN201810990004 A CN 201810990004A CN 110899977 A CN110899977 A CN 110899977A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/22—Spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a method for improving the mechanical property of copper-aluminum alloy welding, which comprises the steps of firstly, respectively selecting a copper thin plate and an aluminum thin plate, and wiping the surfaces of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate by adopting an organic solvent; overlapping the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate, and pressing and fixing the two thin plates; selecting welding points on the two thin plates, wherein an interval is formed between every two adjacent welding points; adopting a nanosecond laser and matching with a high-speed galvanometer system to start lap welding two sheets; and scanning the welding point by adopting a welding point scanning mode of external spiral scanning, and slowly reducing the power at the tail end of the scanning line so as to finish welding. The invention can realize the accurate control of laser heat input, and can also accurately control the heat input to reduce the generation of (Cu, Al) intermetallic compounds, thereby improving the welding mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy, and the whole method is simple, reliable and easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sheet material micro-welding processes, in particular to a method for improving the mechanical property of copper-aluminum alloy welding.
Background
The adoption of the combination of dissimilar metals brings the possibility of reducing the weight of the device and the volume of the equipment. In the electronics industry, the use of aluminum alloys as a partial substitute for copper allows for device weight while also reducing cost. At present, the trend is to connect such dissimilar metal sheets with joints by laser welding. However, when the conventional YAG laser spot welding is adopted for copper and aluminum alloy sheet materials, the perforation phenomenon is easy to occur because the single pulse peak power is too high and the energy density is more than 106W/cm 2. In addition, the copper and aluminum have large physical property difference, such as large difference of melting point, density, heat conduction, specific heat capacity and the like, and the mutual solubility of the two is low, so that copper and aluminum brittle intermetallic compounds (such as Cu2Al, Cu3Al2, CuAl and CuAl2) are easily generated. Such intermetallic compounds are generally in a brittle phase, resulting in joints with lower toughness and higher tendency to crack, thereby reducing the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Therefore, the reliability of dissimilar metal welding of copper and aluminum alloys has been a difficult point of the welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the mechanical property of copper-aluminum alloy welding aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, and the method can reliably improve the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding by adopting a nanosecond laser and a high-speed welding spot scanning mode.
In order to solve the problems proposed above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the mechanical property of a copper-aluminum alloy welding force comprises the following specific steps:
step S1: respectively selecting a copper thin plate and an aluminum thin plate, and wiping the surfaces of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate by adopting an organic solvent;
step S2: overlapping the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate, and pressing and fixing the two thin plates;
step S3: selecting welding points on the two thin plates, wherein an interval is formed between every two adjacent welding points;
step S4: adopting a nanosecond laser and matching with a high-speed galvanometer system to start lap welding two sheets;
step S5: and scanning the welding point by adopting a welding point scanning mode of external spiral scanning, and slowly reducing the power at the tail end of the scanning line so as to finish welding.
Further, in step S5, the welding spot scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode and an elliptical swing mode, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a welding spot, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan light according to an elliptical track, so as to realize remelting of a boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base material.
Further, in step S5, the welding spot scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode + sine oscillation, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a welding spot, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan light according to a sine line track, so as to realize remelting of a boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base material.
Further, in step S5, the welding spot scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode + horizontal "8" character swing, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a welding spot, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan light according to a track of the horizontal "8" character, so as to realize remelting of a boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base material.
Further, in step S5, the spot scanning method employs an external spiral scanning method + vertical "∞" swing, that is, the external spiral scanning method is used for stitch welding of both the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a spot, and after the laser welding is completed by the external spiral scanning, the laser starts to scan out light along a vertical "∞" trajectory, so as to realize remelting of the boundary region between the edge of the spot and the base material.
Further, the copper thin plate is overlapped with the aluminum thin plate on the upper side, or the aluminum thin plate is overlapped with the copper thin plate on the upper side.
Furthermore, the radius of the inner circle of the external spiral scanning is 0.02mm, the radius of the outer circle is 0.5mm, and the distance between the spiral lines is 0.035 mm; the distance of the slow power drop is 3mm, and the power is linearly reduced from 100% to 30%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the advantages of extremely short pulse width and lower energy of the nanosecond laser, and is matched with a high-speed galvanometer system, thereby realizing the accurate control of laser heat input, adopting a high-speed welding spot scanning mode, and reducing the generation of (Cu, Al) intermetallic compounds by accurately controlling the heat input, thereby improving the welding mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy, and the whole method is simple, reliable and easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for improving the mechanical property of copper-aluminum alloy welding in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the external spiral scanning mode + helix wobble according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the external spiral scanning mode + sinusoidal oscillation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the external spiral scanning mode + horizontal 8 oscillation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the external helical scan mode + vertical ∞ swing of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a surface topography of a solder joint of the red copper/aluminum alloy in the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the red copper/aluminum alloy in the first example;
FIG. 8 is a solder joint surface topography of the aluminum alloy/copper alloy of the second embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy/red copper in the second example.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention also provides a method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: a copper sheet and an aluminum sheet are selected, respectively, and the surfaces of the copper sheet and the aluminum sheet are wiped with an organic solvent such as acetone or alcohol.
Step S2: and overlapping the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate, and pressing and fixing the two thin plates through a clamp.
Step S3: weld points are selected on the two sheets, with spaces being formed between adjacent weld points.
Step S4: and a nanosecond laser is adopted and matched with a high-speed galvanometer system to start lap welding of the two sheets.
In the step, the nanosecond laser adopts an MOPA structure, the maximum average power is 100W, the maximum peak power can reach 12kW, the maximum light emitting frequency can reach 1500KHz, the pulse width adjusting range is 10-520ns, the single-point pulse energy can reach 1mJ at most, various selectable waveforms are provided, a CW mode and a CW modulation mode are provided, and the selected nanosecond laser can ensure the reliable welding of the copper-aluminum alloy.
In the step, the nanosecond laser is matched with a high-speed galvanometer system, heat input can be accurately controlled by selecting the pulse width and adjusting the power, frequency and speed, a molten pool is formed in a mode of mu J single pulse energy and high repetition frequency for welding, and therefore generation and distribution of intermetallic compounds are effectively controlled, and the perforation phenomenon and crack generation are avoided.
Step S5: and scanning the welding point by adopting a welding point scanning mode of external spiral scanning, and slowly reducing the power at the tail end of the scanning line so as to finish welding.
In the step, because the outermost circle of the welding spot and the base metal generally form a cutting effect during spot welding of materials such as copper, aluminum and the like, poor mechanical properties are easily caused, and in order to enhance the connection strength of the welding spot and the base metal, power slow reduction is adopted at the tail end of the scanning line.
Further, in step S5, the welding spot scanning mode includes the following steps:
(1) external spiral scanning mode + elliptical swing (ellipse swing) is adopted (see fig. 2): the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form welding points, namely, the external spiral line is adopted to scan the welding points on the two thin plates to form stitch welding, and the power is slowly reduced when the outermost circle is scanned. After the external spiral scanning laser welding is finished, the laser starts to scan and emit light according to an elliptical track, and the laser is used for remelting the boundary area between the edge of a welding spot and a base material, so that the welding mechanical property of a heat affected zone can be improved.
(2) External spiral scanning mode + sinusoidal oscillation (sinosodal oscillation) is used (see fig. 3): the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form welding points, namely, the external spiral line is adopted to scan the welding points on the two thin plates to form stitch welding, and the power is slowly reduced when the outermost circle is scanned. After the external spiral scanning laser welding is finished, the laser starts to scan and emit light according to the track of a sine line, and the laser is used for remelting the boundary area between the edge of a welding spot and a base metal, so that the welding mechanical property of a heat affected zone can be improved.
(3) External spiral scanning mode + horizontal "8" oscillation (horizontal 8 oscillation) is used (see fig. 4): the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form welding points, namely, the external spiral line is adopted to scan the welding points on the two thin plates to form stitch welding, and the power is slowly reduced when the outermost circle is scanned. After the external spiral scanning laser welding is finished, the laser starts to scan and emit light according to the track of the horizontal 8 shape, the laser is used for remelting the boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base metal, and the welding mechanical property of the heat affected zone can be improved.
(4) The external spiral scanning method + vertical "∞" wobbling (vertical infinity wobbling) is adopted (see fig. 5): the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form welding points, namely, the external spiral line is adopted to scan the welding points on the two thin plates to form stitch welding, and the power is slowly reduced when the outermost circle is scanned. After the external spiral scanning laser welding is finished, the laser starts to scan and emit light according to a vertical infinity-shaped track, the infinity-shaped track is used for remelting the boundary area of the edge of a welding spot and a base metal, and the welding mechanical property of a heat affected zone can be improved.
The four swings can be used for remelting the boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base metal, and can improve the welding mechanical property of the heat affected zone. However, because the swing tracks of the four swings are different, the heat dissipation modes are different, and the sizes of the formed molten pools are also different, so that the remelting widths of the four swings are different. Under the condition of the same amplitude, the remelting width is horizontal 8-shaped swinging, sinusoidal swinging, elliptic swinging, vertical infinity swinging, and the remelting width is different, so that the mechanical properties are different. Aiming at the four swing modes, in practical application, the mechanics of the remelting process reaches the maximum when the remelting width is a certain value through the adjustment of process parameters.
The above process is illustrated below by means of specific examples:
the first embodiment is as follows: a red copper sheet with the thickness of 0.2mm and a 3003 aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.5mm are selected, and the red copper sheet is fixed on the upper aluminum alloy sheet in an overlapping manner and the aluminum alloy sheet on the lower aluminum alloy sheet in an overlapping manner. Three welding points are selected side by side on the two thin plates, and the distance between the adjacent welding points is 1.5 mm. The nanosecond laser is matched with a high-speed galvanometer system for spot welding, an outer spiral scanning mode is adopted for scanning welding spots, the inner circle radius is 0.02mm, the outer circle radius is 0.5mm, and the spiral line spacing is 0.035 mm. Because copper, aluminium and other materials during spot welding, usually form the cutting effect by solder joint outermost circle and base metal and lead to the mechanical properties relatively poor, in order to strengthen solder joint and the joint strength of base metal, the power when scanning line tail end adopts the mode that the power slowly falls, and its slowly falls the distance and is 3mm, and the power is reduced to 30% from 100% linearity, adds the swing when outer helical scan simultaneously, accomplishes reliable welding.
① without swinging, selecting a long pulse width waveform with a power of 100W, a speed of 50mm/s, a frequency of 120kHz, and a weld surface topography as shown in FIG. 6a, subjecting the weld to a vertical pull test with three welds having a vertical pull of 39.4N as shown in FIG. 7 a.
② swing, setting spiral line parameters of external spiral scanning to be ①, remelting the welding point boundary and the base metal by adopting an ellipse swing, wherein the power is 50W, the speed is 100mm/s, the frequency is 200kHz, the diameter of a swing circle is 0.95mm, the swing frequency is 1500Hz, the swing amplitude is 0.12mm, the surface appearance of the welding point is shown in figure 6b, and the vertical tension of the welding point is 55.3N by carrying out a vertical tension test, as shown in figure 7 b.
It can be seen from the figure that after the secondary remelting, i.e. the swinging, is adopted at the boundary of the welding spot, the vertical tension of the welding spot is improved by 40.4%.
Example two: a3003 aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.2mm and a red copper sheet with the thickness of 0.5mm are selected, and the aluminum alloy sheets are fixed in an overlapping mode at the upper portion and the lower portion of the red copper sheet. Three welding points are selected side by side on the two thin plates, and the distance between the adjacent welding points is 1.5 mm. The nanosecond laser is matched with a high-speed galvanometer system for spot welding, an outer spiral scanning mode is adopted for scanning welding spots, the inner circle radius is 0.02mm, the outer circle radius is 0.5mm, and the spiral line spacing is 0.035 mm. Because copper, aluminium and other materials during spot welding, usually form the cutting effect by solder joint outermost circle and base metal and lead to the mechanical properties relatively poor, in order to strengthen solder joint and the joint strength of base metal, the power when scanning line tail end adopts the mode that the power slowly falls, and its slowly falls the distance and is 3mm, and the power is reduced to 30% from 100% linearity, adds the swing when outer helical scan simultaneously, accomplishes reliable welding.
① without swinging, selecting a short pulse width waveform with a power of 100W, a speed of 100mm/s, a frequency of 700kHz, and a weld surface topography as shown in FIG. 8 a. subjecting the weld to a vertical pull test, the vertical pull of three welds was 39.4N as shown in FIG. 9 a.
② swing, setting spiral line parameters of external spiral scanning to be ①, remelting the welding point boundary and the base metal by adopting an ellipse swing, wherein the power is 50W, the speed is 150mm/s, the frequency is 1000kHz, the diameter of a swing circle is 0.95mm, the swing frequency is 1500Hz, the swing amplitude is 0.12mm, the surface appearance of the welding point is shown in figure 8b, and performing a vertical tension test on the welding point, wherein the vertical tension of three welding points is 46.1N, as shown in figure 9 b.
It can be seen from the figure that after the welding spot boundary secondary remelting, i.e. the swinging is added, the vertical tension of the welding spot is improved by 30.2%.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the mechanical property of a copper-aluminum alloy welding force is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1: respectively selecting a copper thin plate and an aluminum thin plate, and wiping the surfaces of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate by adopting an organic solvent;
step S2: overlapping the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate, and pressing and fixing the two thin plates;
step S3: selecting welding points on the two thin plates, wherein an interval is formed between every two adjacent welding points;
step S4: adopting a nanosecond laser and matching with a high-speed galvanometer system to start lap welding two sheets;
step S5: and scanning the welding point by adopting a welding point scanning mode of external spiral scanning, and slowly reducing the power at the tail end of the scanning line so as to finish welding.
2. The method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the welding spot scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode and an elliptical swing mode, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a welding spot, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan and emit light according to an elliptical track, so as to realize remelting of a boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base metal.
3. The method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the welding spot scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode and a sinusoidal oscillation mode, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a welding spot, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan light according to a sine line track, so as to realize remelting of a boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base metal.
4. The method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the welding spot scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode + horizontal "8" character swing, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a welding spot, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan light according to the track of the horizontal "8" character, so as to realize remelting of the boundary area between the edge of the welding spot and the base material.
5. The method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the spot welding scanning mode adopts an external spiral scanning mode + vertical infinity-shaped swinging, that is, the external spiral scanning mode is used for stitch welding of the copper thin plate and the aluminum thin plate to form a spot welding, and after the external spiral scanning laser welding is completed, the laser starts to scan light according to a vertical infinity-shaped trajectory, so as to realize remelting of a boundary region between the edge of the spot welding and the base material.
6. The method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force as recited in claim 1, wherein: the lapping is carried out by adopting a mode that the copper thin plate is arranged above and the aluminum thin plate is arranged below, or the lapping is carried out by adopting a mode that the aluminum thin plate is arranged above and the copper thin plate is arranged below.
7. The method for improving the mechanical property of the copper-aluminum alloy welding force as recited in claim 1, wherein: the radius of the inner circle of the external spiral scanning is 0.02mm, the radius of the outer circle is 0.5mm, and the distance between the spiral lines is 0.035 mm; the distance of the slow power drop is 3mm, and the power is linearly reduced from 100% to 30%.
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| CN113523545A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser welding method for galvanized steel |
| CN113523568A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Aluminum or aluminum alloy lap joint laser spot welding method |
| CN113634893A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-12 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Method for welding copper sampling terminal and aluminum tab and battery |
| CN114054957A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-02-18 | 武汉帝尔激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding method and system for dissimilar metal films |
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| CN113523568B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Aluminum or aluminum alloy lap joint laser spot welding method |
| CN113523545A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser welding method for galvanized steel |
| CN114054957A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-02-18 | 武汉帝尔激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding method and system for dissimilar metal films |
| CN113634893A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-12 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Method for welding copper sampling terminal and aluminum tab and battery |
| CN114226974A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-25 | 苏州迅镭激光科技有限公司 | Laser penetration welding galvanized sheet equipment and welding method |
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