CN110895375A - 一种柔性的双稳态调光器件 - Google Patents

一种柔性的双稳态调光器件 Download PDF

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CN110895375A
CN110895375A CN201811069518.5A CN201811069518A CN110895375A CN 110895375 A CN110895375 A CN 110895375A CN 201811069518 A CN201811069518 A CN 201811069518A CN 110895375 A CN110895375 A CN 110895375A
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liquid crystal
flexible transparent
bistable
flexible
transparent conductive
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CN110895375B (zh
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周孟超
王飞
张宏伟
徐慧
李栋
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Jiangsu Jitri Smart Liquid Crystal Sci and Tech Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Jitri Smart Liquid Crystal Sci and Tech Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811069518.5A priority Critical patent/CN110895375B/zh
Priority to US17/272,509 priority patent/US11137656B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/105340 priority patent/WO2020052585A1/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种柔性的双稳态调光器件。所述双稳态调光器件包括：第一柔性透明导电膜和第二柔性透明导电膜；液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述第一柔性透明导电膜和所述第二柔性透明导电膜之间，所述液晶层包括封框结构以及被所述封框结构包围的液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包括双介晶化合物、向列相液晶化合物和手性化合物；以及多个支撑结构，所述多个支撑结构分散在所述液晶层中，所述多个支撑结构占所述液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.1％～4.5％，其中所述双稳态调光器件包括两个零电场稳定的状态：使入射光基本上透射的透过态以及使入射光基本上散射的雾态。本发明可实现零电场的双稳态，节省能耗，简化生产工艺，节约成本，提高良品率。

Description

一种柔性的双稳态调光器件
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示领域，特别涉及一种柔性的液晶基双稳态调光器件。
背景技术
液晶基调光装置作为一种应用光电效应的装置，主要是由透明导电基材和液晶材料组成，通过外加电场的方式，控制液晶分子的排列状态，实现透明和不透明的宏观状态之间的转换。由于其独特的调光特性，液晶基调光器件被广泛应用于建筑、家居、汽车等行业，用于实现隐私性、美化性及节能性等功能。
由于透明导电基材的不同，液晶基调光装置分为刚性的调光玻璃和柔性的调光器件。调光玻璃产品，由于玻璃的刚性，在制作过程，无法将其整合到卷对卷的工艺当中，从而增加生产工艺的难度和降低了生产效率。同时由于不能弯曲，更进一步限制了其应用。而相应的调光器件则具有更大的应用领域。目前较为成熟的液晶基调光器件技术为聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)技术，如专利CN106918940A中所公开的，通过电控调光的方式实现透明和不透明状态之间的转换。但是PDLC调光器件在制作过程中需要引入聚合物，来为液晶提供稳定的聚合物网络结构。同时PDLC调光器件的性能强烈依赖于液晶和聚合物相成分、形态、尺寸、相界面的性质以及两相性质的匹配，而这些性能都取决于生产工艺，这样对制备方法和工艺条件就需要更严格的要求，从而增加了生产工艺的复杂性和难度，提高生产成本，更进一步限制了调光器件的应用。同时，PDLC调光器件的透明和不透明两种状态中至少一种状态是需要电场维护的，不能实现零电场的双稳态，不利于节能。另外，市面上常见的调光器件的透光率相对较低，从而进一步限制了其光学上的应用。
因此，需要提供一种柔性的调光器件，具有高透光性的同时可实现双稳态，更可降低生产工艺的复杂性和难度，节省成本，提高良品率。
发明内容
为满足上述需求，本发明提出一种柔性的双稳态调光器件，所述双稳态调光器件包括：第一柔性透明导电膜和第二柔性透明导电膜；液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述第一柔性透明导电膜和所述第二柔性透明导电膜之间，所述液晶层包括封框结构以及被所述封框结构包围的液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包括双介晶化合物、向列相液晶化合物和手性化合物；以及多个支撑结构，所述多个支撑结构分散在所述液晶层中，所述多个支撑结构占所述液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.1％～4.5％，其中所述双稳态调光器件包括两个零电场稳定的状态：使入射光基本上透射的透过态以及使入射光基本上散射的雾态。在优选实施方案中，所述液晶层的厚度为5-60微米。
在可选实施方案中，第一柔性透明导电膜包括第一柔性透明基板和第一柔性透明电极，所述第一柔性透明电极设置在所述第一透明基板和所述液晶层之间；所述第二柔性透明导电膜包括第二柔性透明基板和第二柔性透明电极，所述第二柔性透明电极设置在所述第二透明基板和所述液晶层之间。在优选实施方案中，所述第一和第二柔性透明基板的材质包括PET、PEN、PC、PP、PMMA、PBT、PVC、PI和/或纤维素。在另一优选实施方案中，所述第一和第二柔性透明电极为碳系导电薄膜、金属纳米线导电薄膜和/或金属氧化物导电薄膜。
在可选实施方案中，所述双稳态调光器件包括至少一层配向层，所述配向层设置在所述第一柔性透明导电膜与所述液晶层之间和/或第二柔性透明导电膜与液晶层之间。
在优选实施方案中，封框结构由封框胶聚合固化形成，封框胶包括热固化胶、光固化剂和/或UV加热混合型胶。
在优选实施方案中，支撑结构的材料包括树脂、玻璃纤维和/或无机材料。在另一优选实施方案中，支撑结构的形状为球状、棒状或球状与棒状的组合。在另一优选实施方案中，所述支撑结构具有粘性。
本发明公开的柔性的双稳态调光器件，通过在液晶层中使用双介晶化合物，不借助聚合物网络即可实现零电场的双稳态，节省能耗。同时，由于无需引入聚合物，可大大简化生产工艺，节约成本，提高良品率。
附图说明
通过参照对本发明的实施方案的图示说明可以更好地理解本发明，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明实施方案的调光器件的结构示意图；
图2是本发明公开的双稳态调光器件的两个稳态的原理示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施方案的调光器件的结构示意图；
图4是根据本发明实施方案的调光器件的结构示意图。。
具体实施方式
在以下的描述中，为了达到解释说明的目的以对本发明有一个全面的认识，阐述了大量的具体细节，然而，很明显的，对本领域技术人员而言，无需这些具体细节也可以实现本发明。在其他示例中，公知的结构和装置在方框图表中示出。在这方面，所举的说明性的示例实施方案仅为了说明，并不对本发明造成限制。因此，本发明的保护范围并不受上述具体实施方案所限，仅以所附的权利要求书的范围为准。
本发明公开了一种柔性的双稳态调光器件，具有两个稳定状态：使入射光基本上透射的透过态和使入射光基本上散射的雾态。双稳态调光器件具体结构如图1所示，包括第一柔性透明导电膜1、第二柔性透明导电膜2、位于第一柔性透明导电膜1和第二柔性透明导电膜2之间的液晶层3和分散在液晶层3中的多个支撑结构4。
液晶层3包含封框结构301和被封框结构包围的液晶组合物302。液晶组合物302包含双介晶化合物、向列相液晶化合物和手性化合物，其中双介晶化合物为分子中包含两个介晶基元的液晶化合物，也就是说双介晶化合物具有两个可诱导液晶相能力的基团。本发明中的向列相液晶化合物不包括具有两个可诱导向列相液晶相能力的基团的双介晶化合物。液晶组合物在手性化合物的作用下可形成手性向列相(即胆甾相)液晶，从而使调光器件具有两个稳定状态：使入射光基本上透射的透过态(a)和使入射光基本上散射的雾态(b)(如图2所示)。在透过态(a)时，手性向列相液晶分子基本上平行于调光器件表面，其螺旋轴与调光器件表面垂直，形成胆甾相液晶的平面态织构，在此状态下，入射光基本上不受影响地透射而通过调光器件；在雾态(b)时，胆甾相液晶分子形成焦锥态织构，此时入射光基本上被散射，形成雾度很大但仍具有一定全光线透过率的状态。此外，调光器件的透过态和雾态都不需要外加电场来维持，可实现零电场的稳定状态。通过选取合适的驱动方式，调光器件可在透过态和雾态之间转换，从而实现调光的目的。
封框结构301用于将两片柔性透明导电膜粘接起来，并使其保持一定的间隙，同时将液态的液晶组合物限制在两片柔性透明导电膜之间。封框结构可由封框胶聚合固化形成，其中封框胶包括热固化胶，如常用的环氧树脂；光固化胶，如常用的UV胶；以及UV加热混合型胶。在以下实施例中，封框胶采用由香港艺辉集团生产的UV固化胶粘胶350。
支撑结构4连接两片柔性透明导电膜，用于调节和控制它们之间的间隙，同时为柔性调光器件提供一定的支撑力和均匀性，提高柔性调光器件的韧性。支撑结构4的浓度不能太低也不能太高，太低不足以提供足够的支撑力，容易造成柔性调光器件表面不平或凹陷；太高容易影响调光器件的透光率和雾度，从而影响柔性调光器件最终的效果。在本发明实施方案中，支撑结构4与液晶组合物的质量百分比大约在0.1％到4.5％之间，可保证柔性调光器件在透过态时的雾度符合要求(一般调光玻璃透过态的雾度为6％)，同时雾态的全光线透过率仍能大于50％。支撑结构4可位于液晶层3的任何地方，包括封框结构301内，其材料可为树脂、玻璃纤维或无机材料，如聚苯乙烯、二氧化硅、硅等。支撑结构4的形状为球状、棒状及球状与棒状的组合。支撑结构4还可具有粘性，进一步提供稳定的支撑作用，提高调光器件弯曲时的均匀性。柔性调光器件的液晶层厚度由支撑结构4调节，在本发明实施方案中，液晶层的厚度大约为5-60微米。
两片柔性透明导电膜可进一步各自包括柔性透明基板(101和201)和柔性透明电极(102和202)，如图3所示，柔性透明电极位于透明基板和液晶层之间。柔性透明基板可为透明高分子材料，如PET、PEN、PC、PP、PMMA、PBT、PVC、PI、纤维素等。本发明不限于此，亦可采用透光率符合要求的其他柔性材料。柔性透明电极可以如图3所示形成透明导电薄膜覆盖柔性透明基板的整个内表面，也可根据需要进一步刻蚀特定形状的电极，或分割成相应的若干电极。柔性透明电极按照其导电材料可包括碳系导电薄膜、金属纳米线导电薄膜、金属氧化物导电薄膜等。碳系导电材料主要有氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管两大类，可采用混合法制备导电薄膜从而形成柔性透明电极。金属纳米线导电薄膜通常采用银纳米线或铜纳米线。金属氧化物导电薄膜的主要材质为氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟、氧化锡、氧化锌以及其他金属氧化物的混合体系。
如图4所示，双稳态调光器件还可以包括配向层5，进一步为液晶层3中的液晶分子提供特定的取向排列。配向层5可以如图4所示，具有双层，分别位于在两片柔性透明导电膜1和2的内表面(与液晶层3接触的表面)；也可只是单层，设置在其中任意一片柔性透明导电膜的内表面。配向层5一般由取向剂固化形成，其中取向剂一般为有机高分子材料，如PVB、硅氧烷、聚酰亚胺材料等。根据预倾角(即液晶分子在配向层表面有序排列时，分子长轴方向与配向层表面所形成的夹角)不同，配向层可分为IPS、TN、STN或VA型。
下面将结合具体实施例，对柔性调光器件的结构和光学性能进行详细说明。在以下实施例中，透过态和雾态的全光线透过率和雾度通过WGT-S型雾度仪进行测量。
以下各实施例中，液晶组合物的配方如表1-3所示。
表1：液晶组合物的配方1
Figure BDA0001799161050000041
Figure BDA0001799161050000051
表2：液晶组合物的配方2
Figure BDA0001799161050000052
表3：液晶组合物的配方3
Figure BDA0001799161050000053
Figure BDA0001799161050000061
实施例1
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表4所示。
表4：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000062
实施例2
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、单层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表5所示。
表5：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000063
实施例3
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为50微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表6所示。
表6：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000071
实施例4
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为20微米。支撑结构为棒状的二氧化硅间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表7所示。
表7：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000072
实施例5
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为2.0％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表8所示。
表8：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000073
实施例6
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为10微米。支撑结构为球状的硅间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表9所示。
表9：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000081
实施例7
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表2所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的粘性二氧化硅间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表10所示。
表10：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000082
实施例8
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为IPS型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为20微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.1％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表11所示。
表11：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000091
实施例9
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表3所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为4.0％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表12所示。
表12：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000092
实施例10
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PET/纳米银线膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表13所示。
表13：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000093
实施例11
本实施例中柔性的双稳态调光器件包括两片柔性透明导电膜、双层配向层、液晶层及支撑结构。其中柔性透明导电膜为PI/ITO膜，配向层为VA型，并通过摩擦取向法进行取向。液晶层中的液晶组合物的配方如表1所示，液晶层的厚度为15微米。支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.2％。选取合适的电压将柔性的双稳态调光器件分别驱动至透过态和雾态，测量其全光线透过率和雾度，具体数值如表14所示。
表14：调光器件的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0001799161050000101
本发明所公开的双稳态调光器件中的液晶组合物包括本领域技术人员熟知的双介晶化合物、向列相液晶化合物和手性化合物。应当理解的是，本发明公开的液晶组合物的配方1-配方3仅是示例性而非限制性的。
本发明公开的柔性的双稳态调光器件，通过在液晶层中使用双介晶化合物，不借助聚合物网络即可实现零电场的双稳态，节省能耗。同时，由于无需引入聚合物，可大大简化生产工艺，节约成本，提高良品率。
尽管已经在上面以细节描述了数个示例性实施方案，但是所公开的实施方案仅是示例性而非限制性的，并且本领域技术人员将容易意识到，在示例性实施方案中很多其他修改、改动和/或替换是可能的，而不实质偏离本公开的新颖性教导和优点。因此，所有这些修改、改动和/或替换意图被包括在如所附权利要求书所限定的本公开的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种柔性的双稳态调光器件，所述双稳态调光器件包括：
第一柔性透明导电膜和第二柔性透明导电膜；
液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述第一柔性透明导电膜和所述第二柔性透明导电膜之间，所述液晶层包括封框结构以及被所述封框结构包围的液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包括双介晶化合物、向列相液晶化合物和手性化合物；以及
多个支撑结构，所述多个支撑结构分散在所述液晶层中，所述多个支撑结构占所述液晶组合物的质量百分比为0.1％～4.5％，
其中所述双稳态调光器件包括两个零电场稳定的状态：使入射光基本上透射的透过态以及使入射光基本上散射的雾态。
2.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述液晶层的厚度为5-60微米。
3.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述第一柔性透明导电膜包括第一柔性透明基板和第一柔性透明电极，所述第一柔性透明电极设置在所述第一透明基板和所述液晶层之间；所述第二柔性透明导电膜包括第二柔性透明基板和第二柔性透明电极，所述第二柔性透明电极设置在所述第二透明基板和所述液晶层之间。
4.如权利要求3所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述第一和第二柔性透明基板的材质包括PET、PEN、PC、PP、PMMA、PBT、PVC、PI和/或纤维素。
5.如权利要求3所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述第一和第二柔性透明电极为碳系导电薄膜、金属纳米线导电薄膜和/或金属氧化物导电薄膜。
6.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，所述双稳态调光器件包括至少一层配向层，所述配向层设置在所述第一柔性透明导电膜与所述液晶层之间和/或所述第二柔性透明导电膜与所述液晶层之间。
7.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，所述封框结构由封框胶聚合固化形成，所述封框胶包括热固化胶、光固化胶和/或UV加热混合型胶。
8.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述多个支撑结构的材料包括树脂、玻璃纤维和/或无机材料。
9.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述多个支撑结构的形状为球状、棒状或球状与棒状的组合。
10.如权利要求1所述的双稳态调光器件，其中所述多个支撑结构具有粘性。
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