CN110895057A - Method for mounting ceramic solar collector plate - Google Patents
Method for mounting ceramic solar collector plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110895057A CN110895057A CN201911004782.5A CN201911004782A CN110895057A CN 110895057 A CN110895057 A CN 110895057A CN 201911004782 A CN201911004782 A CN 201911004782A CN 110895057 A CN110895057 A CN 110895057A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/40—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using plate-like mounting elements, e.g. profiled or corrugated plates; Plate-like module frames
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
- F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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Abstract
A method for mounting a ceramic solar collector plate relates to a ceramic solar plate and a ceramic solar collector plate, wherein the traditional ceramic solar plate and a pipeline collector plate are mounted on an inclined plane to form a ceramic solar collector or a system which has the disadvantages of complex structure, high cost, unreliable use effect and easy generation of air resistance and frost cracking; the upper and lower collecting pipes formed by connecting the ceramic solar collecting plate collecting ports have good straightness, the structure is simple and low in cost, no air or water is stored in the collecting pipes, and the phenomena of air resistance and frost crack are avoided.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a method for mounting a ceramic solar collector plate, in particular to a method for mounting an upper collector pipe and a lower collector pipe formed by the ceramic solar collector plate.
(II) background of the invention
The solar heat collector of the solar heat collector or system comprises a glass vacuum tube, a metal flat plate, a ceramic solar plate heat collector and the like. The hollow solar heat collecting plate is a ceramic solar heat collecting body, common ceramic is used as a hollow substrate, porous black ceramic is used as a sunlight absorbing surface layer, and the black ceramic is mainly manufactured by industrial waste-vanadium extraction tailings; the common ceramic without whiteness requirement is one of the known engineering materials with lowest cost, longest service life and most stable performance, and the vanadium-titanium black ceramic manufactured by taking the vanadium extraction tailings as the main raw material is the solar energy absorbing material with lowest cost, longest service life and most stable performance.
The ceramic solar panel is a solar heat collector and is divided into a common ceramic solar panel and a ceramic solar collecting panel, wherein the ceramic solar collecting panel has the function of absorbing solar energy of the common ceramic solar panel, and collecting ports on the same central axis line can be mutually connected to form an upper collecting pipe and a lower collecting pipe.
The ceramic solar heat collector or the system mainly comprises an inclined roof or a structural inclined plane, a frame, a waterproof layer on the inclined plane, a heat insulation layer, a rigid base plate, an anchor pile part, a ceramic solar panel, a collecting pipe, a toughened glass plate and a pipeline, a water tank below the inclined plane, a water pump, a controller for controlling the water pump to start and stop to enable water to rise or return to the water tank and the like. When the sunlight is irradiated, when the temperature of the sunlight absorption surface is higher than the water temperature of the water tank by a certain value, for example, the temperature of the sunlight absorption surface is higher than the water temperature of the water tank by 8 ℃, the controller instructs the water pump to be automatically started, water is heated by the ceramic solar panel and then returns to the water tank below for circulation, the temperature of the water in the water tank is gradually increased, the highest point of a pipeline of the circulation system is communicated with the atmosphere, when the sunlight is inclined and the temperature of the water cannot be continuously increased, the controller instructs the water pump to be automatically closed, the driving force of the water pump is avoided, and all the water automatically falls into the water tank.
In the past, a square ceramic solar panel with diagonal water inlets and outlets is connected into an upper collecting pipe and a lower collecting pipe through a segmented pipeline, a tee joint and an elbow to form a ceramic solar collector or system, as shown in fig. 1 to 13, fig. 1 to 8 are photos, and fig. 9 to 13 are schematic diagrams; fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inclined roof on which an insulation board and a rigid backing plate with an anchor pile are installed, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a square ceramic solar panel installed, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper pipe header installed, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lower pipe header installed, fig. 5 is a close view of a ceramic solar roof covered with a toughened glass panel, fig. 6 is a full view of a ceramic solar roof covered with a toughened glass panel, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a greenhouse transformed into a ceramic solar heat collection system to supply heat to 6 greenhouses in winter, fig. 8 is an inner view of a greenhouse transformed into a ceramic solar heat collection system, fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11 are schematic diagrams of the structure and operation of the pipe header and the square ceramic solar heat collection device or system, fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tee in the pipe header, and fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of.
The solar collector or system described above presents 3 problems:
problem 1, the required flatness of the inclined roof or the inclined plane of the structure is difficult to achieve in actual construction, when the sun is inclined and sunlight cannot enable water to continue to increase the temperature, the controller instructs the water pump to be automatically closed, the driving force of the water pump is avoided, and in the process that all water automatically falls back into the water tank, water is stored in the lower corner part without a water inlet below the square ceramic solar panel with the diagonal water inlet and outlet, and the ceramic solar panel is frozen and cracked due to freezing expansion in winter. Therefore, the ceramic solar panel 9 with the middle pipe orifice and the four-port seamless ceramic solar panel 40 are manufactured, an upper fluid inlet pipe orifice and a lower fluid outlet pipe orifice are arranged on a longitudinal central axis of the ceramic solar panel 9 with the middle pipe orifice and the four-port seamless ceramic solar panel, the root part of each pipe orifice is provided with an inclined edge with two inclined sides, an included angle formed by the inclined edge and a horizontal line is 2-10 degrees, water gaps are formed in two lower sides of the four-port seamless ceramic solar panel 40, water cannot be stored in the water gaps, fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the ceramic solar panel with the middle pipe orifice and the four inclined angles, fig. 15 is a schematic diagram 16 of the structure and the operation of a pipeline collecting pipe and the ceramic solar panel 9 or a system with the middle pipe orifice and the four inclined angles, and fig. 17 is a.
The problem 2 is that the upper and lower collecting pipes are formed by connecting segmented pipelines, tee joints and elbows, the materials, the structure and the installation are complex and the installation efficiency is low in the actual operation, therefore, a ceramic solar collecting plate is developed, water inlets and water outlets are arranged on two sides of the ceramic solar collecting plate, the solar collecting plate can be a solar collecting plate and can also be simultaneously connected to form the upper and lower collecting pipes, fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a three-port ceramic solar collecting plate, fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a four-port ceramic solar collecting plate, and fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a large collecting pipe orifice four-port ceramic solar collecting plate.
Problem 3, the ceramic solar thermal collector or the system is installed on an inclined roof or a structural inclined plane, and a waterproof layer, a thermal insulation layer, a rigid backing plate, an anchor pile part, a ceramic solar panel and a collecting pipe are installed on the inclined plane. The ceramic solar collector plate is a solar collector plate and is also a component for forming a collector pipe, a connecting piece for connecting collector pipe orifices of the ceramic solar collector plate is a non-rigid silicon rubber pipe, the collector pipe orifices of the ceramic solar collector plate are connected in a three-dimensional space to form an upper collector pipe and a lower collector pipe with reliable inclination, if the upper collector pipe with reliable inclination cannot be formed, the problem shown in figure 21 can be caused, namely if the collector pipe orifices of the ceramic solar collector plate for forming the upper collector pipe are not on the same central axis, the upper collector pipe is bent, air can be stored in an upward bent part, namely a local convex part shown in 101 in figure 21 to form air resistance to block water from flowing upwards, so that the part shown in 102 cannot pass through the water upwards, and the water can only upwards run in the direction of an arrow shown in 103 in figure 21 to circulate; if the collecting pipe openings of the ceramic solar collecting plates forming the lower collecting pipes are not on the same central axis, the lower collecting pipes are bent, the downward bent parts, namely the local concave parts shown as 104 in fig. 21, can store water, ice columns are formed in the ice columns in winter and ice columns are formed in the ice columns at night, the ceramic solar collecting plates are damaged by the expansion of the ice columns, meanwhile, the lower collecting pipes are partially blocked by the ice columns, the water pump is started in the second day, water cannot pass through the ice column blocking parts and can go upwards to circulate through the ceramic solar plates shown by arrows in 103, but when the sun goes downhill, the water pump is stopped, water in the ceramic solar plates in 105 in fig. 21 is blocked by the ice columns in the lower collecting pipes and cannot go downwards to the water tank, and the ceramic solar plates and the ceramic collecting solar plates in 105 are frozen and split. FIG. 21 is a schematic view showing the occurrence of air lock, water trap, icicle blockage when the upper and lower collecting pipes are bent, which is a problem to be solved by the present application.
Disclosure of the invention
The object of the invention;
the upper collecting pipe and the lower collecting pipe are formed by the ceramic solar collecting plate which is simple in structure and low in cost, so that air and water are not stored in the collecting pipes in the running process of the ceramic solar collector or the system, the phenomena of air resistance and icicle blockage in the collecting pipes are avoided, and the collecting pipes occupy the area in the solar collector or the system as small as possible.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the ceramic solar panel is a solar heat collector and is divided into a common ceramic solar panel and a ceramic solar collecting panel, wherein the ceramic solar collecting panel has the function of absorbing solar energy of the common ceramic solar panel, and collecting ports on the same central axis line can be mutually connected to form an upper collecting pipe and a lower collecting pipe.
The ceramic solar collector or system comprising the ceramic solar collector plate mainly comprises an inclined roof or a structural inclined plane, a frame, a waterproof layer on the inclined plane, a heat insulation layer, a rigid base plate, an anchor pile part, a metal angle code, a base plate, a common ceramic solar panel, a toughened glass plate and a pipeline, a water tank below the inclined plane, a water pump, a controller for controlling the water pump to start and stop so that water rises above the ceramic solar collector to be heated and circulates between the ceramic solar collector and the water tank or returns to the water tank, and the like. When the sunlight is irradiated, when the temperature of the sunlight absorption surface is higher than the water temperature of the water tank by a certain value, for example, the temperature of the sunlight absorption surface is higher than the water temperature of the water tank by 8 ℃, the controller instructs the water pump to be automatically started, water is heated by the ceramic solar panel and then returns to the water tank below for circulation, the temperature of the water in the water tank is gradually increased, the highest point of a pipeline of the circulation system is communicated with the atmosphere, when the sunlight is inclined and the temperature of the water cannot be continuously increased, the controller instructs the water pump to be automatically closed, the driving force of the water pump is avoided, and all the water automatically falls into the water tank.
The problem is that the installation base surface as sunlight absorbing surface, such as concrete inclined roof board and structural metal inclined board of solar inclined roof or solar system, is often uneven, the height error can reach several centimeters, the installation surface after laying heat preservation layer and rigid backing board is also uneven, the total thickness of common ceramic solar panel and ceramic solar collecting panel is 25-40 mm, the inner diameter of the collecting pipe mouth of the ceramic solar collecting panel is 18-34 mm, the silicon rubber pipe connecting the collecting pipe mouth of the ceramic solar collecting panel into the collecting pipe is not rigid, the ceramic solar collecting panel is different from the common ceramic solar panel, the common ceramic solar panel only needs to make the lower pipe mouth be at the lowest point of the whole panel, so that no water is stored in the panel, only needs to measure the lower edge of the common ceramic solar panel by a horizontal ruler, if the angle without pipe mouth is lower than the angle with pipe, the ceramic board or the ceramic board is used for heightening the angle, the ceramic solar collector plate needs to connect the collector pipe orifices to form a collector pipe with certain straightness and inclination, and each ceramic solar collector plate on the rigid backing plate needs to rotate by a certain angle by taking the center as an original point, each collector pipe orifice of each ceramic solar collector plate is adjusted in height on the base plane of the rigid backing plate and is positioned three-dimensionally more accurately, and each collector pipe orifice of each ceramic solar collector plate is connected by a silicon rubber connecting pipe to form the collector pipe with certain integral inclination and smaller straightness error.
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the position and state of metal corner codes 81, 82, 83 on rigid pads, and FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the position and state of pads on metal corner codes.
FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the projections of an upper ceramic solar collector board and a metal angle code 81, a metal angle code 82 on an inclined roof or a structural slope, and FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the projections of a lower ceramic solar collector board and a metal angle code 83 on an inclined roof or a structural slope.
FIGS. 26 and 27 are schematic views of a method of mounting a ceramic solar collector panel,
as shown in fig. 26, the respective ceramic solar collector plates are made to have different heights on the inclined plane and are rotated by the rotation angle with the center of the ceramic solar collector plate as the origin, the height of the respective collector pipe openings of the respective ceramic solar collector plates is adjusted and positioned in the vertical direction of the inclined plane of the rigid backing plate, and the collector pipe openings of the respective ceramic solar collector plates are connected by a silicone rubber connecting pipe to form an integrally inclined collector pipe.
The ceramic solar collector with upper and lower collecting pipes formed by ceramic solar collecting plates and common ceramic solar plates is installed from top to bottom, the upper horizontal row is the upper ceramic solar collecting plate, the collecting port is above, the lower horizontal row is also the ceramic solar collecting plate, the collecting port is below, the collecting port is connected by a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form the lower collecting pipe, the common ceramic solar plate is arranged between the upper ceramic solar collecting plate on the upper horizontal row and the lower ceramic solar collecting plate on the lower horizontal row, the installation method is that firstly, a horizontal line JK is drawn above the rigid backing plate 2 by a horizontal measuring tool, a downward oblique line KR is drawn by taking the end point K of the horizontal line as the starting point, the included angle between the horizontal line JK and the oblique line KR is 1.15-2.3 degrees, or the oblique line KR has a downward slope of 2-4 percent, an oblique line which is parallel to the oblique line KR is drawn on the rigid backing plate 2 below the oblique line and is called B1, the distance between the oblique line KR and the oblique line B1 is equal to the distance between the central connecting line of the two inlets of the upper solar collector plate and the lower end edge of the upper solar collector plate, the oblique line B1 is a base line for fixing the metal corner code 82 and is a base line for installing the ceramic solar collector plate, the metal corner code is a right-angle folded plate of the metal plate, the right-angle folded plate has two mutually perpendicular outer planes and an intersection line thereof, two mutually perpendicular inner planes and an intersection line thereof, the intersection line of the outer planes of the metal corner code 82 is coincident with the oblique line B1, two pieces of the metal corner code 82 are arranged under the ceramic solar collector plate on each piece, the metal corner code 82 is fixed on the rigid backing plate by screws 84, the lower end edge of the upper solar collector plate is supported, the upper solar collector plate is positioned on the rigid backing plate 2, and the two inlets of the upper solar collector plate are positioned in the direction E → F shown in fig. 27; welding metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses on a plurality of upper metal angle code 81, inserting the upper metal angle code 81 welded with the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses into the lower surfaces of two gathering ports of the solar gathering plates on each piece from the upper part, adopting the upper metal angle code 81 of the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses under the different gathering ports, adjusting the height of the gathering ports of the solar gathering plates on each piece in the direction M ← → N shown in figure 27, enabling the central points of the gathering ports of the solar gathering plates on each piece to be on the same inclined line, connecting the gathering ports with a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form an upper gathering pipe, connecting the upper gathering ports of the upper ceramic solar gathering plates to form an upper gathering pipe with a straight line error of 0-10 millimeters/10 meters, wherein the central axis of the upper gathering pipe forms an included angle of 1.15-2.3 degrees with the JK, or the gradient of 2-4 percent; the height of the vertical face of the upper metal angle code 81 which is welded with the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses and is installed is higher than the height of the upper end face of the upper ceramic solar collector plate, so that the straightness and the angle of the upper collector plate are prevented from being changed due to the fact that the sliding force on the inclined face slides into the lower face of the upper ceramic solar collector plate in the processes of long-term use and thermal expansion and cold contraction; the lower ceramic solar collector plate in the lowest horizontal row is the same as the upper ceramic solar collector plate except that the collecting port is arranged below, the installation method is that firstly a horizontal line WT is drawn below the rigid backing plate 2 by a horizontal measuring tool, drawing a slant line TU towards water with the end point T of the horizontal line as the starting point, wherein the included angle between the horizontal line WT and the slant line TU is 1.15-2.3 degrees, or the oblique line TU has an upward slope of 2% to 4%, the oblique line TU is a base line for fixing the lower metal angle code 83 and is also a base line for mounting the lower ceramic solar collector plate, the intersecting line of the outer planes of the lower metal angle code 83 is superposed with the oblique line TU, two lower metal angle codes 83 are arranged below each lower ceramic solar collector plate, the lower metal angle codes 83 are fixed on the rigid backing plate by screws 84 and support the lower end edge of the lower solar collector plate, the lower solar collector plate is positioned on the rigid backing plate 2, and two collecting ports of the lower solar collector plate are positioned in the direction of E ← → F shown in fig. 27; placing a backing plate 85 with different thicknesses between the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate and the metal angle code 83, wherein the backing plate is a metal plate, a ceramic plate or a non-metal plate, adjusting the height of the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate in the direction M ← → N shown in figure 27, enabling the central point of the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate to be on the same inclined line, connecting the collecting ports by using a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form a lower collecting pipe, connecting the collecting ports of the lower ceramic solar collecting plates to form the lower collecting pipe with the straightness error of 0-10 mm/10M, and enabling the central axis of the lower collecting pipe to form an included angle of 1.15-2.3 degrees or the gradient of 2-4 percent with the horizontal line WT; the height of the vertical surface of the lower metal angle code 83 which is installed and is provided with the backing plates 85 with different thicknesses is higher than the height of the lower end surface of the lower ceramic solar collector plate, so that the phenomenon that the straightness and the angle of the lower collector plate change as the lower ceramic solar collector plate slides up and down on an inclined surface in the processes of long-term use and expansion with heat and contraction with cold is avoided.
Fig. 28 is a schematic view of a subsystem method of a solar heat collecting system in which the length in the east-west direction is more than 2 times the length in the north-south direction, when the length in the east-west direction of the solar heat collecting system on an inclined roof or a structural inclined plane is more than 2 times the length in the north-south direction, the solar heat collecting system is divided into more than 2 ceramic solar heat collecting systems in the east-west direction, so that excessive straightness errors caused by overlong upper and lower collectors are avoided, water and gas storage phenomena are avoided, the collectors occupy the smallest possible area proportion in the solar heat collecting system, and the effective area of sunlight absorption in the solar heat collecting system is increased; the ceramic solar heat collection systems adopt a common main upper circulation pipe 111, the main upper circulation pipe 111 is communicated with the ceramic solar heat collection systems through an upper circulation pipe 113, the ceramic solar heat collection systems adopt common main lower circulation pipes 112, the main lower circulation pipes 112 are communicated with the ceramic solar heat collection systems through lower circulation pipes 114, and the central axes of the main upper circulation pipe 111 and the main lower circulation pipes 112 form an included angle of 3-5 degrees with the horizontal line or the gradient of 5.2-8.7 percent.
The ceramic solar collector with the upper collecting pipe and the lower collecting pipe formed by the ceramic solar collecting plates does not store air or water in the collecting pipes in the operation process, and does not have the phenomena of air resistance and frost cracking.
The width of the metal angle code is 20-50 mm, the height of the vertical face is 30-80 mm, the thickness of the plate is 1-3 mm, and the material for metal angle code is steel or stainless steel or aluminum alloy. The thickness of the cushion plate for heightening the collecting pipe orifice is 0-40 mm, and the cushion plate is made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic or nonmetal.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an inclined roof with a heat-insulating plate and a rigid tie plate with anchor pile members
FIG. 2 is a square ceramic solar panel
FIG. 3 shows the header installed on the pipe
FIG. 4 shows the installation of a tube lower header
FIG. 5 is a close up view of a ceramic solar roof covered with a tempered glass plate
FIG. 6 is a panoramic view of a ceramic solar roof covered with a tempered glass plate
FIG. 7 shows that a greenhouse is transformed into a ceramic solar heat collecting system to supply heat to 6 greenhouses in winter
FIG. 8 is an internal view of a green house modified to a ceramic solar energy collection system
FIG. 9 FIG. 10 FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure and operation of a tube header and a square ceramic solar panel solar collector or system
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the tee in the manifold
Figure 13 is a schematic view of the configuration of the elbow in the tube header.
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a ceramic solar panel with a middle pipe orifice and four inclined angles
FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are schematic diagrams of the structure and operation of a pipe header and middle pipe orifice four-dip angle ceramic solar panel ceramic solar collector or system
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a four-port seamless ceramic solar panel
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a three port ceramic solar collector plate
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a four port ceramic solar collector plate
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a large collector nozzle four port ceramic solar collector plate
FIG. 21 is a schematic view showing the occurrence of air lock, water accumulation, icicle blockage at the time of bending of the upper and lower collecting pipes
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the positions and states of the metal angular codes 81, 82 and 83 on the rigid substrate
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the position and state of a shim plate on a metal corner code.
FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the position of the ceramic solar collector board projected onto an inclined roof or a structural inclined plane, and a metal angle code 81 and 82 mounted on the ceramic solar collector board
FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the position of the projection of the lower ceramic solar collector plate and a metal corner code 83 on the sloping roof or structural slope.
FIGS. 26 and 27 are schematic views of a method of mounting a ceramic solar collector panel,
fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of a method of a subsystem of a solar energy collection system having an east-west length 2 times or more a north-south length:
1. the solar heat collector comprises a heat insulation plate 2, a rigid backing plate 4, a ceramic solar heat collection plate 5, a collecting pipe 6, a ceramic solar heat collector 7 for transforming a greenhouse into heat supply, an underground heat insulation water tank cover 9 in the ceramic solar heat collector for transforming the greenhouse into heat supply, a middle pipe opening four-inclination ceramic solar plate 11, a fluid upper collecting channel 12 in the ceramic solar plate, a fluid longitudinal channel 13 in the ceramic solar plate, ceramic solar plate longitudinal support ribs 14, a ceramic solar plate pipe opening 15, a fluid lower collecting channel 16 in the ceramic solar plate, a three-dimensional net-shaped porous structure black ceramic solar light absorption layer 17, a ceramic solar plate ceramic body 18, a concave angle pipe opening 19 of a four-opening seamless ceramic solar plate, 4 inclination angles D21 of the ceramic solar plate with the middle pipe opening four inclination angles, a fluid upper collecting pipe 22 in the ceramic solar heat collector and a temperature transmission pipe 22 The sensor 23, an air inlet and outlet pipe 24 communicated with the atmosphere at the highest point of an upper collecting pipe, a frame 25 connected with a base flat plate, an anchor pile member used for supporting and positioning a ceramic solar panel and a transparent cover plate 26, a heat insulation material layer 28, a fluid lower collecting pipe 29 in the ceramic solar collector, a water pump 30, the base flat plate of the ceramic solar collector, and comprises a concrete flat plate, a metal flat plate and the like 31, the transparent cover plate comprises a toughened glass plate, an ultra-transparent toughened glass plate, a common glass plate, an organic material light-transmitting plate 32, a lower circulating pipe 33, a controller 34, a water tank water temperature sensor 35, a water tank 36, an upper circulating pipe 38, a three-port ceramic solar collecting plate 40, four-port seamless ceramic solar panel 41, a pipe nut 42, a pipeline three-way base body 43 Three-way 46-pipe elbow base 47-metal round pad 48-pipe elbow 49-pipe straight joint 50-four ceramic solar collector plate 52-ceramic solar collector plate collector nozzle 60-large collector nozzle four-port ceramic solar collector plate 62-four ceramic solar collector plate large collector nozzle 71-silicon rubber connecting pipe 72-pipe hoop 73-ceramic solar collector plate collector nozzle plug 81-upper metal angle code 82 for adjusting upper and lower positions of upper ceramic solar collector plate collector nozzle on rigid backing plate-metal angle code 83 for adjusting upper ceramic solar collector plate collector nozzle up and down position of rigid backing plate-lower metal angle code 84 for adjusting upper and lower positions of ceramic solar collector nozzle on rigid backing plate-screw 85 for fixing metal angle code on rigid backing plate The backing plates with different thicknesses, of which the collecting pipe orifice is arranged at the high position and the low position on the rigid backing plate, of which the collecting pipe orifice is arranged on the rigid backing plate, comprise metal plates, non-metal plates and ceramic plates 86, metal backing plates 87 which are used for adjusting the position of the collecting pipe orifice of the upper ceramic solar collecting plate at the high position and the low position on the rigid backing plate and are subjected to angle decoding welding to form a body, welding points or welding seams 93 welded among metals, a waterproof layer 101, a part 102 where air can be stored at a part of a convex part in a fluid upper collecting pipe 21 in the ceramic solar collector to form an air resistance to block the upward flow, a part 103 of a ceramic solar plate which is subjected to the air resistance to block the upward flow, a ceramic solar plate area 104 where the fluid can be subjected to the upward flow, a part 105 where the ice resistance to block the downward flow is formed by locally concave water, in winter, water stored in the ceramic solar panel is frozen and cracked in the area, the ceramic solar panel 111-the ceramic solar heat collection system comprises a total upper circulating pipe 112 of a plurality of ceramic solar heat collectors, the ceramic solar heat collection system comprises a total lower circulating pipe 113 of a plurality of ceramic solar heat collectors, the ceramic solar heat collection system comprises an upper circulating pipe 114 of a plurality of ceramic solar heat collectors, and the ceramic solar heat collection system comprises a lower circulating pipe of a plurality of ceramic solar heat collectors
FIG. 14 is a view showing the angle between the inclined side and the horizontal line of the three-port ceramic solar collector plate at D-in FIG. 18
In FIG. 26, a-shows the angle between the central axis of the collector tube and the horizontal line, which is formed by the collector orifices of the ceramic solar collector plate
In fig. 27, E ← → F denotes the vertical position of the ceramic solar collector nozzle on the inclined plane of the rigid backing plate, and M ← → N denotes the vertical position of the ceramic solar collector nozzle on the inclined plane of the rigid backing plate
(V) specific embodiments
1. A ceramic solar collector with upper and lower collecting pipes formed by ceramic solar collecting plates and common ceramic solar plates is arranged from top to bottom, the uppermost horizontal row is an upper ceramic solar collecting plate, the collecting port is arranged above, the lowermost horizontal row is also a ceramic solar collecting plate, the collecting port is arranged below, the common ceramic solar plate is arranged between the upper ceramic solar collecting plate on the uppermost horizontal row and the lower ceramic solar collecting plate on the lowermost horizontal row, firstly, a horizontal line JK is drawn above a rigid backing plate 2 by a horizontal measuring tool, a downward oblique line KR is drawn by taking the end point K of the horizontal line as the starting point, the included angle between the horizontal line JK and the oblique line KR is 1.15 degrees, an oblique line parallel to the oblique line KR is drawn on the rigid backing plate 2 below the oblique line KR and called B1 oblique line, and the distance between the oblique line KR and the B1 oblique line is equal to the distance from the central connecting line of the two collecting ports of the upper solar collecting plate to the, the B1 oblique line is the base line for fixing the metal code 82, also the base line for mounting the ceramic solar concentrator plate, the metal code 82 is a bar code fixed to a rigid backing plate by screws 84, supporting the lower end edge of the upper solar concentrator plate, positioning the upper solar concentrator plate on the rigid backing plate 2 and positioning the two collectors of the upper solar concentrator plate in the direction E ← → F shown in fig. 27; the upper metal corner code 81 welded with the iron base plates 86 with different thicknesses is inserted into the lower surfaces of two gathering ports of the upper solar gathering plates of each piece from the upper side, the heights of the gathering ports of the upper solar gathering plates of each piece in the direction M ← → N shown in FIG. 27 are adjusted, the center points of the gathering ports of the upper solar gathering plates of each piece are positioned on the same inclined line, the gathering ports are connected by a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form an upper gathering pipe, the straightness error of the upper gathering pipe formed by connecting the gathering ports of the upper ceramic solar gathering plates is less than 3 mm/10M, the included angle formed by the central axis of the upper gathering pipe and the horizontal line JK is 1.2 degrees, and the height of the vertical surface of the upper iron corner code 81 welded with the iron base plates 86 with different thicknesses, which is installed, is 2 mm higher than the upper end surface of the upper ceramic solar. The lower ceramic solar collector plate is the same as the upper ceramic solar collector plate except that the collection port is arranged below, a horizontal line WT is drawn below the rigid backing plate 2 by using a horizontal measuring tool, a slope TU towards the water is drawn by taking the end point T of the horizontal line as a starting point, the included angle between the horizontal line WT and the slope TU is 2.3 degrees, the slope TU is a base line for fixing a lower metal angle code decoder 83 and is also a base line for mounting the lower ceramic solar collector plate, the intersecting line of the outer planes of the lower metal angle code decoder 83 is superposed with the slope TU, two lower metal angle code decoders 83 are arranged below each lower ceramic solar collector plate, the lower metal angle code decoders 83 are fixed on the rigid backing plate by screws 84, the lower end edges of the lower ceramic solar collector plates are supported, the lower solar collector plates are positioned on the rigid backing plate 2, and the two collection ports of the lower solar collector plates are positioned in the direction E ← → F shown in figure 27; placing a backing plate 85 with different thicknesses between the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate and the metal angle code 83, wherein the backing plate is a ceramic plate, adjusting the height of the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate in the direction M ← → N shown in FIG. 27, enabling the central point of the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate to be on the same inclined line, connecting the collecting ports by using a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form a lower collecting pipe, connecting the collecting ports of the lower ceramic solar collecting plates to form the lower collecting pipe, wherein the straightness error of the lower collecting pipe is less than 8 millimeters/10 meters, and the included angle formed by the central axis of the lower collecting pipe and the horizontal line WT is 2.0 degrees; the height of the vertical face of the mounted lower metal angle code 83 padded with the backing plates 85 of different thicknesses is millimeter higher than the lower end face of the lower ceramic solar collector plate.
2. Drawing a horizontal line JK above the rigid mat 2 by using a horizontal measuring tool, drawing a downward oblique line KR by taking the end point K of the horizontal line as a starting point, wherein the oblique line KR has a downward slope of 3 percent, drawing an oblique line parallel to the oblique line KR on the rigid mat 2 below the oblique line KR and is called a B1 oblique line, the distance between the oblique line KR and the B1 oblique line is equal to the distance between the central connecting line of the two collecting ports of the upper solar collecting panel and the lower end edge of the upper solar collecting panel, the B1 oblique line is a base line for fixing a metal corner code 82 and is a base line for mounting the ceramic solar collecting panel, the metal corner code 82 is fixed on the rigid mat by using screws 84, and the lower end edge of the upper solar collecting panel is supported, so that the upper solar collecting panel is positioned on the rigid mat 2, and the two collecting ports of the upper solar collecting panel are positioned in the direction E ← → F shown in; the upper metal angle code 81 welded with metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses is inserted into the lower surfaces of two gathering ports of the upper solar gathering plates of each piece from the upper part, the heights of the gathering ports of the upper solar gathering plates of each piece in the direction M ← → N shown in FIG. 27 are adjusted, the central points of the gathering ports of the upper solar gathering plates of each piece are positioned on the same inclined line, the gathering ports are connected by silicon rubber connecting pipes 71 to form an upper gathering pipe, the straightness error of the upper gathering pipe formed by connecting the actually formed upper ceramic solar gathering plate gathering ports is less than 7 mm/10M, and the gradient of the central axis of the upper gathering pipe is 2.7%; the height of the vertical face of the upper metal angle code 81 which is welded with the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses and is completely installed is 3 mm higher than the upper end face of the upper ceramic solar collector plate; the straightness error of a lower collecting pipe formed by connecting collecting ports of the lower ceramic solar collecting plate is less than 5 mm/10 m, and the gradient of a central axis of the lower collecting pipe is 2.5%; the height of the vertical face of the mounted lower metal angle code 83 padded with the shim plates 85 of different thicknesses was 1.5 mm higher than the lower end face of the lower ceramic solar collector plate.
3. The solar heat collecting system with the east-west length 4 times of the north-south length is divided into 4 systems, so that overlarge straightness errors caused by overlong upper and lower collecting pipes are avoided, water storage and air storage phenomena are avoided, and the area proportion of the collecting pipes in the solar heat collecting system is smaller than 5%; the 4 ceramic solar heat collection systems adopt a common upper circulation pipe 111, the upper circulation pipe 111 is communicated with the 4 ceramic solar heat collection systems through an upper circulation pipe 113, each ceramic solar heat collection system adopts a common lower circulation pipe 112, the lower circulation pipe 112 is communicated with the 4 ceramic solar heat collection systems through a lower circulation pipe 114, and the central axes of the upper circulation pipe 111 and the lower circulation pipe 112 form an included angle of 4 degrees with the horizontal line.
Claims (3)
1. The method for mounting the ceramic solar collector plate is characterized in that each ceramic solar collector plate has different heights on an inclined plane and rotates by taking the center of the ceramic solar collector plate as an origin, each collector pipe opening of each ceramic solar collector plate is subjected to height adjustment and positioning in the vertical direction of the inclined plane of the rigid backing plate, and the collector pipe openings of each ceramic solar collector plate are connected by a silicon rubber connecting pipe to form an integrally inclined collector pipe; a ceramic solar collector with upper and lower collecting pipes formed by ceramic solar collecting plates and common ceramic solar plates is installed from top to bottom, the uppermost horizontal row is the upper ceramic solar collecting plate, the collecting port is arranged above, the lowermost horizontal row is also the ceramic solar collecting plate, the collecting port is arranged below, the common ceramic solar plate is arranged between the upper ceramic solar collecting plate on the uppermost horizontal row and the lower ceramic solar collecting plate on the lowermost horizontal row, firstly, a horizontal line JK is drawn above a rigid backing plate 2 by a horizontal measuring tool, a downward oblique line KR is drawn by taking the end point K of the horizontal line as the starting point, the included angle between the horizontal line JK and the oblique line KR is 1.15-2.3 degrees, or the oblique line KR has 2-4% downward gradient, an oblique line which is parallel to the oblique line KR is drawn on the rigid backing plate 2 below the oblique line KR and is called B1, and the distance between the oblique line KR and B1 is equal to the distance from the central connecting line of the two collecting ports of the upper solar collecting plate to the lower end edge of the, the B1 oblique line is the base line for fixing the metal code 82 and also the base line for mounting the ceramic solar concentrator, the metal code is a right-angle folding plate of the metal plate, the right-angle folding plate has two mutually perpendicular outer planes and their intersecting lines and two mutually perpendicular inner planes and their intersecting lines, the intersecting line of the outer planes of the metal code 82 is coincident with the B1 oblique line, two pieces of the metal code 82 are arranged under each piece of the ceramic solar concentrator, the metal code 82 is fixed on the rigid backing plate by screws 84, the lower end edge of the upper solar concentrator is supported, the upper solar concentrator is positioned on the rigid backing plate 2, and the two collecting ports of the upper solar concentrator are positioned in the direction of E ← → F; welding metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses on a plurality of upper metal angle decoders 81, inserting the upper metal angle decoders 81 welded with the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses into the lower parts of two gathering ports of the solar gathering plates on each piece from the upper part, adopting the upper metal angle decoders 81 of the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses under the different gathering ports, adjusting the heights of the gathering ports of the solar gathering plates on each piece in the direction of M ← → N, enabling the central points of the gathering ports of the solar gathering plates on each piece to be on the same inclined line, connecting the gathering ports by using a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form an upper gathering pipe, connecting the upper ceramic solar gathering plates by using the upper gathering pipe to form an upper gathering pipe with the straightness error of 0-10 millimeters/10 meters, and forming an included angle of 1.15-2.3 degrees or a gradient of 2-4 degrees with the horizontal line JK; the height of the vertical face of the upper metal angle code 81 which is welded with the metal backing plates 86 with different thicknesses and is installed is higher than the height of the upper end face of the upper ceramic solar collector plate; the lower ceramic solar collector plate of the lowest horizontal row is the same as the upper ceramic solar collector plate, except that the collecting port is arranged below, firstly, a horizontal line WT is drawn below the rigid backing plate 2 by a horizontal measuring tool, drawing a slant line TU towards water with the end point T of the horizontal line as the starting point, wherein the included angle between the horizontal line WT and the slant line TU is 1.15-2.3 degrees, or the oblique line TU has an upward slope of 2% -4%, the oblique line TU is a base line for fixing the lower metal angle code 83 and is also a base line for installing the lower ceramic solar collector plate, the intersecting line of the outer planes of the lower metal angle code 83 is superposed with the oblique line TU, two lower metal angle codes 83 are arranged below each lower ceramic solar collector plate, the lower metal angle codes 83 are fixed on the rigid backing plate by screws 84 and support the lower end edge of the lower solar collector plate, so that the lower solar collector plate is positioned on the rigid backing plate 2, and two collecting ports of the lower solar collector plate are positioned in the direction of E ← → F; placing a backing plate 85 with different thicknesses between the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate and the metal angle code 83, wherein the backing plate is a metal plate, a ceramic plate or a non-metal plate, adjusting the height of the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate in the direction of M ← → N, enabling the central point of the collecting port of each lower solar collecting plate to be on the same inclined line, connecting the collecting ports with a silicon rubber connecting pipe 71 to form a lower collecting pipe, connecting the collecting ports of the lower ceramic solar collecting plates to form the lower collecting pipe with the straightness error of 0-10 mm/10M, and enabling the central axis of the lower collecting pipe to form an included angle of 1.15-2.3 degrees or the gradient of 2-4 percent with the horizontal line WT; the height of the vertical face of the lower metal angle code 83 which is installed and is padded with the backing plates 85 with different thicknesses is higher than the height of the lower end face of the lower ceramic solar collector plate; the ceramic solar collector with the upper collecting pipe and the lower collecting pipe formed by the ceramic solar collecting plates does not store air or water in the collecting pipes in the operation process, and does not have the phenomena of air resistance and frost cracking.
2. The method for mounting a ceramic solar collector panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal angle code has a width of 20-50 mm, a vertical face height of 30-80 mm, a panel thickness of 1-3 mm, the metal angle code is made of steel or stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the gasket used for elevating the collector nozzle is 0-40 mm, and the gasket is made of steel or stainless steel or aluminum alloy or ceramic or non-metal.
3. The method for installing a ceramic solar collector panel according to claim 1, wherein when the length of the solar collector system on the inclined roof or the inclined surface of the structure in the east-west direction is more than 2 times the length of the solar collector system in the north-south direction, the solar collector system is divided into more than 2 ceramic solar collector systems in the east-west direction, each ceramic solar collector system uses a common upper circulation pipe 111, the upper circulation pipe 111 is communicated with each ceramic solar collector system through an upper circulation pipe 113, each ceramic solar collector system uses a common lower circulation pipe 112, the lower circulation pipe 112 is communicated with each ceramic solar collector system through a lower circulation pipe 114, and the central axes of the upper circulation pipe 111 and the lower circulation pipe 112 form an included angle of 3 to 5 degrees with the horizontal line or the gradient is 5.2 to 8.7 percent.
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| CN110895057B (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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