EA005300B1 - Solar station of hot water supply and solar heat collector therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A solar station for hot water supply, comprising a solar battery, which includes at least two solar collectors connected therebetween by a flange pipe, a storage tank, a water supply piping from the storage tank to the solar battery, a water discharge piping from the storage tank to the solar battery, a cold water supply piping to the storage tank, a hot water discharge piping to a user, wherein the cold water supply piping to the storage tank and the water supply piping from the storage tank to the solar battery are connected to the bottom section of the storage battery and the hot water discharge piping from the solar battery to the storage tank and the hot water discharge piping to the user are connected to the upper section of the storage tank, characterized in that each collector of the storage battery is provided with an individual heat sensor and an individual hot water discharge piping via the flange pipe, wherein locking devices are provided in places of crossing the flange pipes with the pipings, the water supply piping from the storage tank to the solar battery is provided with a water pump, and the storage tank comprises heat exchangers of different capacity: bigger - for heating of water, smaller - for domestic needs. 2. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that provided with a program electronic device for controlling the heat sensors, the water pump electrical motor and the locking devices. 3. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors are fixed at an operation premises being adapted to rotate relative to the axis and to the horizon. 4. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors are fixed at an operation premises at an angle to the horizon, which meets the angle of the sun descent to the horizon at the given time. 5. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the solar collectors are fixed at an operation premises to a building wall oriented East-West, the rest - on the building roof. 6. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors can have any geometry. 7. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors the capacities of heat exchangers for heating and for domestic needs are rated as 1:4. 8. The solar station for hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage tank and the hot water discharge piping from the solar collectors to the storage tank are heat-insulated. 9. A solar heat collector, comprising a transparent upper panel, a heat-insulating layer, a heat absorbing panel designed as a set of parallel metal pipes for liquid carrier connected to the bottom surface of the heat absorbing panel, characterized in that further comprises a support heat-insulating panel arranged beneath the heat-insulating panel, and the metal parallel pipes of the heat-insulating panel are embedded in the metal energy absorbing sheet, wherein the support heat-insulating panel, the heat-insulating layer, heat-absorbing and the transparent upper panel are tightly connected into a rigid structure and metal or plastic profiles are arranged atop or bottom of the structure along its perimeter. 10. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that parallel metal pipes embedded in the metal energy absorbing sheet are arranged along the short panel sides and connected therebetween by pipes arranged along the long panel sides. 11. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the energy absorbing sheet of the heat-absorbing panel is made of aluminum having black or selective coating on the outer surface and embedded metal pipes are made of copper. 12. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that has two openings on its outer end sides for fluid feeding and discharging. 13. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that a mixture of water and antifreeze or a similar product is used in winter as liquid heat carrier in a 1:1 ratio. 14. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that rubber packing is provided between panels and the heat-insulating layer along the collector perimeter. 15. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the support heat-insulating panel, the heat-insulating layer, heat-absorbing and the transparent upper panel are tightly connected into a rigid structure mechanically, by bolts, for example. 16. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the support heat-insulating panel is made of wood, veneer, woodchip board or of plastic and the like materials. 17. The solar heat collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is made of foam plastic, glass wool, mineral wool or basalt fiber or articles thereof.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of solar technology, in particular to solar thermal collectors, and can be applied in hot water supply systems for residential buildings, administrative, industrial, and agricultural facilities.

State of the art

A known solar installation containing a back-up battery, made in one piece with the solar collector, and the wall of the storage tank facing the solar collector is made as reflecting solar radiation to the collector. In addition, this solar installation contains a direct pipeline for supplying water from the storage tank to the solar collector, a return pipe for draining water from the solar collector to the storage tank, a cold water supply pipe to the storage tank, and a pipe for draining hot water from the storage tank to the consumer ( USSR author's certificate No. 1816937, class P24 1 2/42, 1993).

The disadvantage of this solar installation is the complexity of its design, low productivity, significant heat loss to the atmosphere through the walls of the pipelines and the storage tank, as well as the limited possibilities of its use in the national economy due to design features.

Known solar thermal collector, which is part of a solar installation, which contains a transparent upper thermal insulation panel and two plates of sheet material, bonded together around the perimeter with the formation of a cavity for the coolant connected to the inlet and outlet pipes. In the cavity between the plates along their long sides are flowing pipelines attached to the plates at their contact points by soldering, welding or adhesive bonding. Moreover, the upper plate on the outside is covered with a light-absorbing material (Russian patent No. 2042088, CL P24 1 2/20, 1995).

The disadvantage of this solar collector is the low heat transfer coefficient from the plates to the liquid located in the pipelines and the cavity between the plates. This is explained by the fact that, firstly, pipelines and plates have a relatively small contact surface, since they are interconnected only along the generatrix of the cylindrical surface of the pipelines, and secondly, due to the fact that the lower plate is ineffective as an element of water heating. Therefore, uniform heating of the coolant in the cavity between the plates will not be provided.

The closest to the claimed solar installation by the totality of features is a solar hot water supply system, which contains a solar collector, a storage tank, a pipeline for supplying water from a storage tank to a solar collector, a pipeline for draining water from a collector to a storage tank, a cold water supply pipe for a storage tank and a pipeline for discharging hot water from the storage tank to the consumer, the pipe for supplying cold water to the storage tank and a pipe for supplying water from the storage tank to the solar the collector is connected to the bottom of the storage tank, and the drainage pipe from the solar collector to the storage tank and the hot water drainage pipe from the storage tank to the consumer are connected to the upper part of the storage tank so that they enter the storage tank through the bottom and rise inside the tank vertically along its long sides to the upper part, where they end with the drain and selective ends (see Ukrainian patent No. 23837, class P24 1 2/00, 1998).

The disadvantage of this solar installation is its low efficiency due to the small heat removal per unit time and significant heat loss to the environment during transportation and storage of hot water due to the lack of thermal insulation coating on pipelines and the storage tank. In addition, the low efficiency of the installation is explained by the low speed of water circulation in it, since the movement of water in the system occurs due to the difference in the densities of heated water in the collector and cold water in the storage tank. The design of this solar installation does not allow it to accumulate in large quantities and save a long time in the absence of solar radiation. Thus, this solar installation is characterized by low power, heats water to only 60 ° C and is very dependent on the time of day and weather conditions.

Closest to the claimed solar collector is a solar thermal collector described in the patent of Ukraine No. 20662, cl. ⁶ P 241 2/24, 1998, which contains a transparent upper panel, a heat-insulating layer, a heat-absorbing panel made in the form of a set of parallel metal pipes for a heat-transfer fluid connected to the lower surface of a metal beam-absorbing sheet through the ribs by welding, and the beam-absorbing sheet consists of individual metal elements with a cylindrical surface - segments that have a selective coating on top.

This collector, in general, is equipped with nozzles for connection with other collectors and pipelines of the hot water supply system.

The disadvantage of this solar collector is the complexity of the design of the heat-absorbing panel, for which it is necessary to manufacture separate metal segments, connect them together and attach the pipe system to their lower surface by welding through the ribs. Due to the increased metal and laboriousness of the manufacturing process of this profiled panel, the cost of the solar thermal collector increases. And the connection of the pipe system with the sheet absorbing the sun's rays by welding through the ribs does not increase the degree of heat transfer from the metal sheet to the water in the pipes, since there is no direct contact between the pipes and the radiation-absorbing sheet.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The basis of the invention is the task of creating such a design of solar hot water supply system that would improve the efficiency of using solar radiation to turn it into heat energy of water by increasing the completeness of the collection of radiant energy of the sun by the heated surface of the installation and the completeness of heat removal from this surface, as well as creating conditions selective selection of water with a maximum heating temperature and improved degree of preservation of hot water for a long time for uninterrupted operation bzheniya consumer hot water. In addition, the objective of the invention is to create a solar installation of such a design that could be used in any operating conditions, i.e., at any latitude of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth, at any time of the year and with its installation on surfaces of any geometric shape.

Typically, solar power is characterized by the temperature of heating the water supplied to the consumer, and the performance of hot water supply, i.e., the need not only to heat the water to a predetermined temperature, to ensure that this temperature is maintained throughout the entire period of its consumption, but also to ensure uninterrupted hot water supply. To do this, it is not enough to combine several solar thermal collectors into a solar battery and accumulate the hot water selected from them in a large tank. The temperature of the water taken from the collectors of varying degrees of heating will be averaged, and if the hot water is stored for a long time in the storage tank during the absence of solar radiation, the water will gradually cool, transferring its heat to the environment.

The technical result of the claimed solar installation is to increase efficiency by increasing the completeness and speed of heat removal of solar radiation from the heated surface by applying a selective system for selecting hot water from the collector of the solar battery in which the water temperature has reached the highest value, and using forced movement of water in the system, As a result, heat transfer between the heated surface and the heat carrier is accelerated. Improving the efficiency of solar installation is also achieved by improving the conditions of heat conservation of water due to the design features of the storage tank, reducing heat loss during transportation of hot water and storing it for a long time by using thermal insulation on the means of transportation and storage of water. To this can be added an increase in the completeness of the collection of radiant energy from the solar stream due to the multivariance of the design of the components and elements of the solar installation and the conditions for installing it at the place of operation. In addition to the above, it should be noted that the increase in the completeness and speed of conversion of the radiant energy of the sun into thermal energy of the water and the uninterrupted operation of the installation as a whole are ensured by electronic programmed control of all nodes and elements of the solar installation.

Another objective of the invention is the creation of such a design of the solar thermal collector, which would improve its heat-absorbing ability by improving its thermal characteristics.

The technical result of the claimed solar collector is to improve its heat engineering characteristics by increasing the heat transfer coefficient of its heat-absorbing panel by increasing the contact surface of the pipe system with the heat carrier and the radiation-absorbing sheet by connecting them by hot pressing, i.e. under the influence of temperature and pressure, reducing the heat loss coefficient by additionally insulating the collector body and sealing the inner space of the solar collector, as well as increasing its mechanical strength by creating a rigid structure design.

The first technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a solar water heating plant, which includes a solar battery, comprising at least two solar thermal collectors interconnected by a pipe, a storage tank, a water supply pipe from the storage tank to a solar battery, a pipeline for draining water from the solar battery to the storage tank, a pipeline for supplying cold water to the storage tank, a pipe for draining hot water from the storage tank to the consumer, the cold water supply line to the storage tank and the water supply pipe to the solar battery from the storage tank are connected to the bottom of the storage tank, and the water drain pipe from the solar battery to the storage tank and the hot water discharge pipe to the consumer are connected with the upper part of the storage tank, in accordance with the invention, each of the collectors of the solar battery is equipped with an individual heat sensor and an individual pipeline for the selection of hot water from it through a connecting pat ubock, and at the points of intersection of the pipes and piping, shut-off devices are installed, the pipeline for supplying water from the storage tank to the solar battery is equipped with a water pump, and the storage tank contains two heat exchangers of different volumes: the larger for water intended for heating, the smaller for water suitable for domestic purposes, with a ratio of their volumes of 4: 1. The storage tank and pipelines are covered with a layer of thermal insulation. In addition, solar collectors can be located on the site of operation in such a way that some of them are installed on the vertical walls of the building with orientations from east to west, and the rest on the roof of the building and are fixed with the possibility of rotation relative to the axis and horizon. Moreover, solar collectors can be made of any geometric shape and must be installed at the site of operation at an angle of inclination to the horizon, which corresponds to the angle of inclination of the sun to the horizon in a given period of time. In addition, this solar hot water plant is equipped with a software electronic device that controls the thermal sensors, the water pump motor and shut-off devices.

The second technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the solar thermal collector included in the solar battery of the solar installation, which includes a transparent upper panel, a heat-insulating layer, a heat-absorbing panel made in the form of a set of parallel metal pipes for a liquid heat carrier connected to the lower surface of a metal beam-absorbing sheet, in accordance with the invention further comprises a supporting heat-insulating panel located under the thermal insulation the ionic layer, and the metal parallel pipes of the heat-absorbing panel are pressed into the metal sheet, and these pipes are located along the short sides of the sheet and are interconnected by pipes located along its long sides. The supporting heat-insulating panel, the heat-insulating layer, the heat-absorbing and transparent panels are hermetically connected to each other in a rigid structure, and metal or plastic profiles are installed along the perimeter of the bottom and top of this structure, and these panels are connected mechanically, for example using bolts. Between the panels of the solar collector, rubber gaskets are placed around the perimeter. The beam-absorbing sheet of the heat-absorbing panel is made of aluminum with a black or selective coating on the outer surface, and metal pipes with a heat-transfer fluid pressed into it are made of copper. On the outer ends of the solar thermal collector there are two openings for supplying and discharging liquid. The supporting heat-insulating panel can be made of wood, plywood, particle board, plastic or other similar materials, and the heat-insulating layer can be made of foam, glass, mineral or basalt wool or products made of it. In winter, a mixture of water and antifreeze or other similar products in a ratio of 1: 1 is used as a heat carrier located in the pipes of the heat-absorbing panel.

Description of drawings

The invention is illustrated by the drawings, in which are shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solar hot water plant;

in FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a solar collector, side view, conventionally;

in FIG. 3 - general view of the solar collector.

In accordance with FIG. 1 solar installation contains a solar battery 1, which consists of several solar thermal collectors 2, a storage tank 3, a cold water supply pipe 4 to a storage tank 3, a water supply pipe 5 from a storage tank 3 to a solar battery 1, a water discharge pipe 6 from the solar battery 1 to the storage tank 3, pipelines for discharging hot water 7 and 8 from the storage tank 3 to the consumer. Solar collectors are interconnected by nozzles 9, each of which is connected to the corresponding pipeline for the removal of hot water 10 from the collector. At the intersection of the pipes 9 and pipelines 10, shut-off devices 11 are placed. The water supply pipe 5 from the storage tank 3 to the solar battery 1 is equipped with a water pump 12. The storage tank 3 contains two heat exchangers 13 and 14 of different volumes. A larger heat exchanger 13 is designed to store hot water suitable for heating, and a smaller heat exchanger 14 to store hot water suitable for domestic use. The pipelines 7 and 8 are provided with valves 15. Each solar collector 2 of the battery 1 has an individual thermal sensor 16. In addition, the solar installation has a software electronic device 17 that controls the thermal sensors 16, the water pump motor 12 and the shut-off devices 11.

In accordance with FIG. 2 and 3, the solar thermal collector 2 contains a transparent upper panel 18, a heat-absorbing panel 19 located below it, which includes a set of parallel metal transverse pipes 20 pressed into the metal sheet 21 along its lower surface, a heat-insulating layer 22 and a supporting heat-insulating panel 23. For better the heat transfer sheet 21 is made of aluminum, and the pipe 20 for the liquid coolant is made of copper. Moreover, the parallel copper pipes 20 are interconnected by longitudinal pipes 24 and are located along the short sides of the sheet 21, and the pipes 24 are located along its long sides. One of the longitudinal pipes 24 is distribution, and the second is collector, and they are made in the same way as pipes 20 from copper. Between the panels around the perimeter there are rubber gaskets or seals 25. The solar collector 2 is made in the form of a rigid structure 27, the bottom and top of which are metal or plastic profiles 26.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The operation of a solar hot water plant is described below. Through the pipeline 4, cold water is supplied to the storage tank 3 and filled, and then using the water pump 12 through the pipeline 5 and through the nozzles 9, water is supplied from the storage tank 3 to the solar heat collectors 2 of the solar battery

1. After that, the water pump 12 is turned off. The sun's rays, which fall perpendicular to the plane of the collectors 2, heat the water located in them, and when the water in one of the collectors reaches a predetermined value, which is detected by the heat sensor 16, a software electronic device 17 is activated. This device includes a water pump 12 and installs the corresponding locking device 11 in such a way that the water heated in the collector is discharged through the pipeline 10 through the general pipeline 6 to the accumulator 3. At the same time, the water from the accumulator 3 fills into Doy that collector from all collectors 2 of a solar battery 1 from which the hottest water was taken away. Then the pump 12 is turned off again, and the locking device 11 returns to its original position, that is, the pipe 9 becomes operational again, and the pipe 10 is blocked by the locking device. Thus, the storage tank 3 is gradually filled with hot water. First, the heat exchanger 13 is filled with hot water, which accumulates water for space heating, and then the heat exchanger 14, which accumulates water for domestic use. To provide consumers with hot water for heating or for domestic use, valves 15 are located on pipelines 7 and 8. In this mode, the system operates continuously. Moreover, the ratio of the volumes of heat exchangers 13 and 14 depends on the volumes of consumption of hot water for various purposes and is mainly 4: 1. The presence of heat exchangers 13 and 14 with target water in the storage tank 3, which is also filled with water, instead of only directly filling this tank with water for hot water supply, not only contributes to better preservation of the heated target water for a long time, but also ensures the heating of that water, which is located directly in the tank and enters from it into the solar thermal collectors 2. The above-mentioned problem is also facilitated by the fact that the storage tank 3 and pipelines 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 are covered with a layer of thermal insulation, For example a foam, glass, mineral or basalt wool or products made from it. Basalt wool or products from it have an advantage, since it is an inexpensive and very effective thermal insulation, as it is made from cheap raw materials - basalt stone - and has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

The water circulation in the solar hot water supply circuit is provided, as already indicated, by the water pump 12, which turns on automatically when a certain level of solar radiation is reached and, accordingly, the given heating of the water in the collector to the corresponding temperature. In the absence of sunshine, the pump does not work.

For the best use of solar energy, collectors should be installed with their plane perpendicular to the rays of solar radiation. To this end, they are provided with a mechanism to rotate them about the axis and horizon. In summer, the optimal angle of inclination of the collectors to the horizon is 30–40 ° С, and in winter - 60–70 ° С for mid latitudes of the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere.

The greatest economic effect is achieved by placing part of the solar thermal collectors on the vertical wall of the building with their orientation from east to west, and the remaining collectors on the roof of the house at an angle to the horizon, which corresponds to the angle of inclination of the sun to the horizon in a given period.

Since the surface of buildings can be very diverse, the solar collectors of the solar battery can be made of any geometric shape, which will facilitate their installation on site.

The proposed solar hot water supply system in comparison with the prototype allows the efficient use of solar radiation to turn it into thermal energy of water through the implementation of a selective system for removing hot water from collectors using individual heat sensors and individual pipelines for removing hot water, forced water movement through pipelines, and the availability of software electronic device, the effective conservation of heat of hot water in the storage tank, ensuring and changes in the spatial configuration of the solar collectors, depending on the shape of the object to which the collectors are attached, and the targeted location of the solar collectors at the place of their operation with respect to the sun's beam.

The operation of the solar thermal collector is described below.

At sunrise, the sun's rays penetrate through the transparent panel 18 and fall on the beam-absorbing aluminum sheet 21, painted with a matte black paint or having a selective coating. The sheet 21 of the heat-absorbing panel 19 is heated and transfers heat to the copper pipes 20 pressed into it. Due to the method of their connection by hot pressing, the contact surface of the pipes 20 with the sheet 21 increases in comparison with the method of welding, soldering or gluing, since in the inventive object, their connection occurs not only under the influence of temperature, but also under the influence of pressure. The high coefficient of thermal conductivity of aluminum and copper and the large contact surface of the pipes 20 and 24 with the sheet 21 provide efficient heat transfer from the radiation-absorbing sheet 21 to the heat transfer fluid, that is, the water in the pipes 20 and 24. The sheet 21 during its connection with the pipes 20 and 24 by hot pressing them becomes profiled, which contributes to the implementation of additional heat transfer between them in the long wavelength range. Under the heat-absorbing panel 19, there is a layer of thermal insulation 22, and below the last is a supporting heat-insulating panel 23, which additionally protects the pipes with a heat-transfer fluid from heat loss and at the same time increases the mechanical strength of the solar collector. The supporting heat-insulating panel 23 can be made of wood, plywood, particle board or plastic materials, and any heat-saving material that has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity can be used as thermal insulation. Between the panels 18, 19 and between the insulating layer 22 and the panel 23 are located around the perimeter rubber gaskets or seal 25. All panels and the insulation layer are mechanically sealed to each other in a rigid structure 27, for example, using bolts. To increase the rigidity of the structure and the heat-insulating effect, metal or plastic profiles 26 are installed at the top and bottom of the solar collector around the perimeter. In winter, a 1: 1 mixture of water and antifreeze or other similar products can be used as a liquid coolant in the collectors, since such a mixture does not will freeze.

The proposed design of the solar collector in comparison with the prototype allows to increase the efficiency of heat transfer from the heat-absorbing panel of the sheet-tube structure to the heat transfer fluid located in the tubes due to the use of a new method of connecting the beam-absorbing sheet and tubes, and also allows to reduce its metal and labor intensity due to simplification of its technology manufacturing, to increase the mechanical strength and rigidity of the collector by performing it in the form of a structure of a rigid structure, hardened from above and the bottom of the perimeter profiles.

The proposed design of a solar battery, including several solar collectors, interconnected by pipes and installed with the possibility of selective selection of hot water of a given temperature from them, reduces the inertia of the solar installation and increases its operational power.

Thus, the use of a solar installation of the proposed design and its solar thermal collector makes it possible to increase the efficiency of using solar energy to turn it into thermal energy of water, not only by improving the heat engineering characteristics, but also by improving the economic indicators of hot water supply to consumers, as well as expanding the technical capabilities of its application by terrain. So, given the fact that the temperature of the water in the collector can reach 180 ° C, one sunny day can provide the need for hot water for a week or more if there are sufficient volumes of hot water storage.

This solar installation can be used both independently and in combination with other well-known hot water systems.

At present, a prototype solar installation has been made and its tests are being carried out in Crimea.

Claims (17)

CLAIM 1. A solar hot water system containing a solar battery which includes at least two solar thermal collectors interconnected by a branch pipe, a storage tank, a pipeline for supplying water from the storage tank to a solar battery, a pipeline for discharging hot water from a solar battery to a tank. accumulator, cold water supply pipeline to the storage tank, hot water discharge pipeline from the storage tank to the consumer, and the cold water supply pipeline to the storage tank and water supply pipeline from the storage tank The battery in the solar battery is attached to the bottom of the battery tank, and the hot water pipe from the solar battery to the battery tank and the hot water pipe from the battery tank to the consumer are connected to the top of the battery tank, wherein each of the solar collectors it is equipped with an individual heat sensor and an individual pipeline for discharging hot water from it through the connecting pipe, with shut-off devices located at the intersections of the pipes and pipelines roystva, the water supply conduit of the storage tank in a solar cell provided with a water pump, and bakakkumulyator comprises two heat exchangers of different sizes: large - for water for heating, less - for water suitable for household use. 2. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a software electronic device that provides control of heat sensors, water pump motor and shut-off devices. 3. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors are fixed at the place of operation with the possibility of their rotation about the axis and horizon line. 4. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors are installed at the place of operation at an angle of inclination to the horizon, which corresponds to the angle of inclination of the sun to the horizon in a given period of time. 5. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that at the place of operation of the solar collectors installed on the wall of a building with orientation from east to west, and the rest of them - on the roof of the building. 6. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors can be made of any geometric shape. 7. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the volume of heat exchanger with hot water for heating and heat exchanger with hot water for domestic purposes is 4: 1. 8. Solar power hot water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage tank and pipelines for discharging hot water from solar collectors to it are covered with a layer of thermal insulation. 9. A solar thermal collector containing a transparent top panel, a heat-insulating layer, a heat-absorbing panel made in the form of a set of parallel metal pipes for a heat-transfer fluid connected to the bottom surface of a metal beam-absorbing sheet, characterized in that it additionally contains a support heat-insulating panel located under thermal insulation layer, and metal parallel pipes of the heat-absorbing panel are pressed into the metal radial-absorbing sheet, and the supporting heat the insulating panel, the heat-insulating layer, the heat-absorbing and transparent upper panels are hermetically interconnected in the structure of a rigid structure, and metal or plastic profiles are installed at the bottom and top of this structure around the perimeter. 10. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the metal parallel pipes, pressed into the metal beam absorbing sheet, are located along the short sides of the sheet and are interconnected by pipes located along its long sides. 11. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the radiation absorbing sheet of the heat-absorbing panel is made of aluminum with a black or selective coating on the outer surface, and the metal pipes pressed into it with a liquid heat carrier are made of copper. 12. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that it is made with two holes on its outer end sides for the supply and removal of fluid. 13. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that in the winter time a mixture of water and antifreeze or a similar product in the ratio of 1: 1 is used as the heat transfer fluid. 14. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that rubber gaskets are placed between the panels and the insulating layer around the perimeter of the solar collector. 15. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the supporting heat insulating panel, the heat-insulating layer, the heat-absorbing and transparent panels are interconnected into a rigid structure by mechanical means, for example, using bolts. 16. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the supporting heat insulating panel is made of wood, plywood, chipboard or plastic and other similar materials. 17. Solar thermal collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat insulation layer is made of foam, glass, mineral or basalt wool or products from it.