CN110887766B - Compact gas-seal-layer mining fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method - Google Patents
Compact gas-seal-layer mining fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a flow-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method for dense gas-bearing layer exploitation, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir development. The device comprises an injection pump, a first intermediate container, a second intermediate container, a medium circulating pump, a collecting device, a post-processing device, a rock core holder, a scanning system, a rubber sleeve, a strain gauge, a current-pressure converter and a parallel rock core, wherein when the device is applied, the geological structure of a tight gas reservoir is identified, and a representative reservoir is selected; zooming a rock core and determining the arrangement sequence of the research horizon; preparing parallel cores; assembling a rock core and experimental equipment; parallel experiments and results analysis were performed. The method can effectively measure the pressure of each layer of the core in the parallel core through the strain gauge, reflects the gas-water two-phase flow rule of each layer of the compact gas reservoir in the parallel state, and has very important guiding function for knowing the gas-water flow rule and guiding the development of the compact gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir development, in particular to a flow-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method for mining a dense gas-liquid layer.
Background
The tight sandstone gas is one of unconventional natural gas, has wide distribution area and large reserve scale, is an important supplement of the current conventional oil gas resources, and is widely valued by researchers and various oil gas enterprises in the world. During the development of dense gas, a layer of mining is often required, and in addition, due to the influence of plane heterogeneity, the geological change between wells is severe. The development of the dense gas is greatly influenced by the pressure of a reservoir, so that a laboratory can effectively know the flow rule of the gas and the water by considering the series-parallel connection experiment under the condition of core stress sensitivity and provide technical support for field construction.
The existing series-parallel connection experiment is mainly carried out in a rock core holder, and the mode has the defects that original reservoirs are cut off together, and the material exchange process between the middle layers and the middle layers of the compact gas reservoir is neglected; in addition, gas flow in tight gas reservoirs is sensitive to pressure, and the conventional parallel experimental technology cannot obtain the pressure change rule of each layer in an actual parallel core because the parallel experimental technology is carried out in a plurality of separated clamps. So that the knowledge of the flow law is not deep enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a flow-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method for mining a dense gas-bearing layer, which can realize parallel experiments under the condition of considering the exchange of substances of each layer. In addition, by placing strain gauges in each layer of cores of the parallel cores, the pressure change law of each layer in the real parallel reservoirs can be measured. Finally, the content of fluid in the compact reservoir is low, the fluid flow is slow, so that a large experimental error is easily caused by a conventional fluid flow metering mode, and the flow rule in each layer of rock core is reflected by combining a rock core scanning technology through an image processing technology, so that the flow of gas water in the compact gas reservoir and the water production rule are known more accurately.
The device comprises an injection pump, a first intermediate container, a second intermediate container, a medium circulating pump, a collecting device, a post-processing device, a rock core holder, a scanning system, a rubber sleeve, a strain gauge, a current-pressure converter and a parallel rock core; the first intermediate container is filled with experimental gas, the second intermediate container is filled with formation water, the outlet end of the injection pump is respectively connected with the inlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container, the outlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container are both connected with the first inlet of the core holder and are used for injecting the experimental gas and the formation water into parallel cores in the core holder, the rubber sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve body and an inner core placing chamber, the outer sleeve body is of a double-layer hollow structure, the double-layer hollow structure is provided with a double-layer wall and an inner hollow chamber sealed by the double-layer wall, the rubber sleeve is arranged in the core holder, the parallel cores are arranged in the inner core placing chamber of the rubber sleeve, the upper part of the rubber sleeve is respectively connected with one end of a medium inflow pipeline and one end of a medium outflow pipeline, and the other end of the medium inflow pipeline is connected with the injection end of a medium circulating pump, the other end of the medium outflow pipeline is connected with the return end of the medium circulating pump, and a pressurizing medium in the medium circulating pump is injected into the hollow cavity inside the rubber sleeve through the medium inflow pipeline and returns to the medium circulating pump from the medium outflow pipeline after circulating in the rubber sleeve; the strain gauge is arranged on the rock cores connected in parallel, one end of the strain data transmission line is connected with the strain gauge, the rubber sleeve is provided with an opening, the strain data transmission line is led out through the opening, and the other end of the strain data transmission line is connected with the current-pressure converter and used for transmitting the strain data of the rock cores measured by the strain gauge to the current-pressure converter for displaying; the core holder is arranged in a scanning system, and the scanning system is connected with a post-processing device and is used for transmitting image data generated by the scanning system to the post-processing device for displaying and processing; the first outlet of the core holder is connected with a collecting device and is used for collecting the fluid flowing out of the first outlet through the collecting device.
Wherein a first valve is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet end of the injection pump and the inlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container.
The outlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container are respectively connected with a first intermediate container outlet pipeline and a second intermediate container outlet pipeline, a second valve is arranged on the first intermediate container outlet pipeline, a third valve is arranged on the second intermediate container outlet pipeline, the first intermediate container outlet pipeline and the second intermediate container outlet pipeline are connected in parallel and then are connected in series with a first inlet pipeline of the core holder, and a fourth valve is arranged on the first inlet pipeline of the core holder.
The core holder also comprises a second inlet and a second outlet, and the second inlet is connected with a second inlet pressure gauge through a fifth valve and is used for measuring the pressure of the second inlet; the second outlet is connected with a second outlet pressure gauge through a sixth valve and is used for measuring the pressure of the second outlet.
The experimental device further comprises a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected to a first inlet pipeline of the core holder through a seventh valve, the connection point is located at the front part of the fourth valve, and the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the parallel cores.
The experimental device further comprises a back pressure pump, a back pressure valve and an eighth valve; the back-pressure valve, the eighth valve set up on the pipeline that is used for connecting the first export of rock core holder and collection device, and the eighth valve setting is in the front portion of back-pressure valve, and the back-pressure valve is used for controlling the velocity of flow of the first export of rock core holder, and the back-pressure pump is connected to the back-pressure valve for control back-pressure size, be provided with the back-pressure valve manometer at the rear portion of back-pressure valve, be used for measuring the pressure size of back-pressure valve.
The medium inflow pipeline is connected with a medium inflow pipeline pressure gauge through a ninth valve and used for measuring the pressure of the medium flowing into the rubber sleeve.
Wherein, in order to prevent the medium from causing the influence to the experimental apparatus, the medium in the cavity chamber in the inside closed by the double-walled is nitrogen.
The parallel rock cores are sequentially spliced from top to bottom by adopting multiple layers of rock cores, a groove with the same size as the strain gauge is formed in the upper surface of each layer of rock core and used for placing the strain gauge and measuring and simulating pressure change of each layer in a real compact gas reservoir, and the rubber sleeve is preferably in a cubic shape.
The method for carrying out the experiment by using the device comprises the following steps:
s1: identifying the geological structure of the compact gas reservoir to obtain the geological structure of the researched area;
s2: selecting a target reservoir combination;
s3: scaling the size of the target reservoir combination, scaling the reservoir thickness according to the size requirement of the experimental device by combining the number of reservoir layers to be tested and the thickness of each layer, and recording the scaled size;
s4: preparing a core: firstly, crushing rock samples of all selected reservoirs to decompose the rock samples into single sand grains, and preferably performing particle size analysis on the crushed sand grains of each layer in the crushing process to ensure that the particle size distribution meets the normal distribution;
s5: preparing parallel cores and assembling strain gauges: after the crushing is finished, uniformly stirring, putting the mixture into a die, bonding the mixture, and pressurizing, preferably in a three-shaft pressurizing device, so as to bond the mixture; then, polishing the steel plate to enable the thickness of the steel plate to be consistent with the thickness calculated in the step S3; then, a groove with the same size as the strain gauge is cut on the upper surface of the manufactured first layer of core to place the strain gauge, and the first layer of core with the strain gauge is manufactured; finally, performing the same operation as the first layer of rock core on the crushed sand grains of other layers to form a plurality of layers of parallel rock cores after the operation is completed;
s6: and (5) cutting the rock core, namely cutting and polishing the multilayer parallel rock core formed in the step (5) according to the size of the rock core holder.
S7: filling a rock core: the parallel cores with strain gages after S6 cutting and grinding were loaded into rubber sleeves.
S8: the rubber sleeve with the parallel cores is arranged in a core holder, and the core holder is arranged in a scanning system;
s9: preparation of the experiment: vacuumizing the parallel rock cores, opening a vacuum pump, closing all valves except a fourth valve and a seventh valve, namely opening the fourth valve and the seventh valve, closing the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the eighth valve, the back pressure valve and the ninth valve, preferably vacuumizing until the pressure is-0.1 MPa, preferably closing the vacuum pump after the completion, standing for a period of time, observing whether the pressure is stable, and ensuring that no air is retained in pores of the rock cores;
s10: after the vacuumizing is finished, removing the vacuum pump and the seventh valve, opening a medium circulating pump to convey a pressurizing medium into the inner hollow cavity of the rubber sleeve, which is closed by the double-layer wall, for applying confining pressure on the parallel cores in the inner core placing chamber, simultaneously closing the second valve to open all the other valves, namely closing the second valve, opening the first valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the eighth valve, the back pressure valve and the ninth valve, and injecting formation water in the second intermediate container into a first inlet of the core holder through an injection pump; preferably, when the water is saturated, the pressure is increased to the experimental pressure step by step for multiple times according to the method that the confining pressure is increased firstly and then the first inlet pressure is increased, and the confining pressure is 3-5MPa higher than the first inlet pressure all the time in the saturation process; preferably, after the outlet pressure reaches the experimental pressure, the first outlet is closed through an eighth valve, pressurization and standing are carried out for one day, and all parallel rock core layers are completely saturated;
s11: in the displacement experiment, the third valve is closed, all the other valves are opened, namely the third valve is closed, the first valve, the second valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the eighth valve, the back pressure valve and the ninth valve are opened, the experiment gas in the first intermediate container is injected into the first inlet of the core holder through the injection pump to carry out a gas-drive water experiment, and the gas-flow and water-flow processes in the core are observed through the scanning system; during the displacement process, recording the pressure change condition measured by the strain gauge through a current-pressure converter;
s12: and displaying and processing the image data generated by the scanning system through a post-processing device to obtain an experimental result.
Preferably, the invention relates to an experimental method for simulating the gas flow law in the process of exploiting a tight gas reservoir combined layer, which comprises the following steps:
identifying the geological structure of the tight gas reservoir, and interpreting the obtained representative reservoir through well logging;
scaling the rock core according to a proportion, and determining the arrangement sequence of the research horizon;
crushing reservoir rock cores and preparing the rock cores according to a formula;
cutting a rock core and loading the rock core into a rock core holder;
connecting each experimental device according to the experimental flow chart;
carrying out a parallel experiment;
and (4) image processing and experimental result analysis.
Wherein, preferably, the tight gas reservoir has a low porosity (<10%), low permeability (<0.1×10-3μm2) Low saturation of gas (<60 percent) and high water saturation (>40%) of a sandstone formation in which natural gas flows at a relatively slow rate.
Preferably, the method for preparing the core and assembling the strain gauge comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing the rock sample of each selected reservoir to decompose the rock sample into single sand grains, and performing particle size analysis on the crushed sand grains of each layer in the crushing process to ensure that the particle size distribution meets the normal distribution. After the first layer of sand grains are crushed, the mixture is stirred evenly and put into a mould, formation water, calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide chemical agents are added according to a certain proportion (the formation water is 1200mg, the calcium chloride is 0.25g, and the calcium hydroxide is 40 g) to be bonded, and then the mixture is pressurized in a three-shaft pressurizing device to be cemented. And then, a groove with the same size as the strain gauge is drilled on the upper surface of the manufactured first layer of the core to place the strain gauge, so that the first layer of the core with the strain gauge is manufactured. And then crushing the rock sample of the second layer, cementing on the basis of the first layer according to the same method, completing the preparation of a two-layer compact reservoir after the process is completed, and repeating the steps until the completion if the two layers exist.
The strain gauges are attached to different parts of the surfaces of the parallel cores and are used for monitoring the stress applied to the surface of each layer of core of the parallel cores. After the pressurizing medium is injected into the rubber sleeve, the rubber sleeve expands to apply pressure to the parallel cores. But the pressure of the pressurizing medium in the rubber sleeve is not equal to the pressure really applied to each layer of rock core, so that the pressure monitoring by adopting the strain gauge is more accurate.
The rubber sleeve can withstand voltage, is responsible for to the rock core pressurization, and it has an opening to open on the rubber sleeve simultaneously, and this opening and rubber sleeve integrated into one piece do not communicate with external fluid, are responsible for transmitting out the deformation characteristic of foil gage through the data line. In order to prevent the fluid from influencing the measuring system, the pressurizing medium is nitrogen and is filled in the inner cavity of the rubber sleeve. The data is measured as pressure current data, measured by a current-to-pressure transducer. The existence significance of the strain gauge is mainly to reflect the flow characteristics of the dense gas under different stress sensitive conditions. The rubber sleeve is integrally formed, and the sleeve is expanded by injecting a pressurizing medium into the sleeve to generate pressure. In the process of applying pressure, if the rubber sleeve is not adopted, a data transmission line for collecting stress is difficult to connect. The strain gauge is deformed after being pressed, and deformation data is transmitted to the current-stress converter through current and converted into pressure data.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the method can effectively measure the pressure of each layer of the core in the parallel-connection core through the strain gauge, reflects the gas-water two-phase flow rule of each layer of the compact gas reservoir in the parallel-connection state, and has very important guiding function for knowing the gas-water flow rule and guiding the development of the compact gas reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the experimental method for the dense gas-seal bed mining fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a compact gas-liquid layer mining fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rubber sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows experimental results of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a parallel core according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layer parallel core and rubber sleeve with strain gages in accordance with the present invention.
Wherein: 1-an injection pump; 2-a first intermediate container; 3-a second intermediate container; 4-a third valve; 5-a second valve; 6-a fourth valve; 7-medium circulation pump; 8-a second inlet pressure gauge; 9-medium inflow line pressure gauge; 10-a second outlet pressure gauge; 11-back pressure valve pressure gauge; 12-an eighth valve; 13-a collecting device; 14-a post-treatment device; 15-core holder; 16-a scanning system; 17-an outer sleeve body; 18-a rubber sleeve; 19-strain gage; 20-a vacuum pump; 21-a fifth valve; 22-a current-to-pressure converter; 23-a first valve; 24-a sixth valve; 25-a back pressure valve; 26-a back pressure pump; 27-a ninth valve; 28-medium inflow line; 29-medium outflow line; 30-a seventh valve; 31-a strain data transmission line; 32-opening; 33-parallel cores.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a flow-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method for dense gas-bearing layer mining.
As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes an injection pump 1, a first intermediate container 2, a second intermediate container 3, a medium circulation pump 7, a collecting device 13, a post-processing device 14, a core holder 15, a scanning system 16, a rubber sleeve 18, a strain gauge 19, a current-pressure converter 22, and a parallel core 33; the first intermediate container 2 is filled with experimental gas, preferably natural gas, the second intermediate container 3 is filled with formation water, the outlet ends of the injection pumps 1 are respectively connected with the inlet ends of the first intermediate container 2 and the second intermediate container 3, and the outlet ends of the first intermediate container 2 and the second intermediate container 3 are respectively connected with the first inlet of the core holder 15 and are used for injecting the experimental gas and the formation water into the parallel cores 33 in the core holder 15; as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the rubber sleeve 18 has an outer sleeve body and an inner core chamber, the outer sleeve body is configured as a double-layer hollow structure having a double-layer wall and an inner hollow chamber closed by the double-layer wall, the rubber sleeve 18 is disposed inside the core holder 15, the parallel core 33 is arranged in the inner core placing chamber of the rubber sleeve 18, the upper part of the rubber sleeve 18 is respectively connected with one end of the medium inflow pipeline 28 and one end of the medium outflow pipeline 29, the other end of the medium inflow pipeline 28 is connected with the injection end of the medium circulating pump 7, the other end of the medium outflow pipeline 29 is connected with the return end of the medium circulating pump 7, the pressurizing medium in the medium circulating pump 7 is injected into the inner hollow chamber of the rubber sleeve 18 through the medium inflow pipeline 28 and returns to the medium circulating pump 7 from the medium outflow pipeline 29 after circulating in the rubber sleeve; as shown in fig. 5, the strain gauge 19 is arranged on the parallel core 33, one end of the strain data transmission line 31 is connected with the strain gauge 19, the rubber sleeve 8 is provided with an opening 32, the strain data transmission line 31 is led out through the opening 32, and the other end of the strain data transmission line 31 is connected with the current-pressure converter 22 and is used for transmitting the strain data of the core measured by the strain gauge to the current-pressure converter 22 for displaying; the core holder 15 is arranged in a scanning system 16, the scanning system 16 is connected with a post-processing device 14, and the scanning system 16 is used for transmitting image data generated by the scanning system 16 to the post-processing device 14 for displaying and processing; the first outlet of the core holder 15 is connected to the collecting device 13, and is used for collecting the fluid flowing out of the first outlet through the collecting device 13.
A first valve 23 is provided in the line between the outlet end of the injection pump 1 and the inlet ends of the first intermediate container 2 and the second intermediate container 3. The outlet ends of the first intermediate container 2 and the second intermediate container 3 are respectively connected with a first intermediate container outlet pipeline and a second intermediate container outlet pipeline, a second valve 5 is arranged on the first intermediate container 2 outlet pipeline, a third valve 4 is arranged on the second intermediate container 3 outlet pipeline, the first intermediate container 2 outlet pipeline and the second intermediate container 3 outlet pipeline are connected in parallel and then are connected in series with a first inlet pipeline of the core holder 15, and a fourth valve 6 is arranged on the first inlet pipeline of the core holder 15.
The core holder 15 further comprises a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet is connected with a second inlet pressure gauge 8 through a fifth valve 21 and is used for measuring the pressure of the second inlet; the second outlet is connected to a second outlet pressure gauge 10 via a sixth valve 24 for measuring the pressure at the second outlet.
The experimental device further comprises a vacuum pump 20, the vacuum pump 20 is connected to a first inlet pipeline of the core holder 15 through a seventh valve 30, a connection point is located in front of the fourth valve 6, and the vacuum pump 20 is used for vacuumizing the parallel core 33.
The experimental device also comprises a back pressure pump 26, a back pressure valve 25 and an eighth valve 12; back-pressure valve 25, eighth valve 12 set up on the pipeline that is used for connecting the first export of rock core holder 15 and collection device 13, and eighth valve 12 sets up in the front portion of back-pressure valve 25, and back-pressure valve 25 is used for controlling the velocity of flow of the first export of rock core holder 15, and back-pressure pump 26 is connected to back-pressure valve 25 for control back-pressure size, be provided with back-pressure valve manometer 11 at back portion of back-pressure valve 25, be used for measuring the pressure size of back-pressure valve.
The medium inlet line 28 is connected via a ninth valve 27 to a medium inlet line pressure gauge 9 for measuring the pressure of the medium flowing into the rubber sleeve 18. In order to prevent the medium from affecting the experimental device, the medium in the hollow cavity enclosed by the double-layer wall is nitrogen, as shown in fig. 5, the parallel cores 33 are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom by adopting multiple layers of cores, a groove with the same size as the strain gauge 19 is cut on the upper surface of each layer of core, the groove is used for placing the strain gauge 19 and is used for measuring and simulating the pressure change of each layer in a real compact gas reservoir, and the rubber sleeve is preferably in a cubic shape.
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental method for simulating a gas-water flow law in a tight gas reservoir combined-layer exploitation process includes the following steps:
step 1: and identifying the geological structure of the shale reservoir, and combining methods such as well logging and the like to obtain the geological structure of the researched area. And identifying and recording according to the geological characteristics of the reservoir, and the main characteristics of the reservoir, such as a deposition mode, a deposition form, a geological cycle and the like.
Step 2: and selecting a target combined layer section, obtaining stratum distribution in the block through a logging technology, selecting a target reservoir through a logging interpretation curve, and recording basic physical property parameters, reservoir permeability, reservoir porosity, reservoir thickness and the like.
And step 3: and scaling the size of the target reservoir combination, according to the size requirement of experimental equipment, combining the number of reservoir layers to be tested and the thickness of each layer, scaling the thickness of the reservoir, and recording the scaled size.
And 4, step 4: the core preparation comprises the steps of firstly crushing rock samples of all selected reservoirs to enable the rock samples to be decomposed into single sand grains, and carrying out particle size analysis on the crushed sand grains of each layer in the crushing process to ensure that the particle size distribution meets the normal distribution.
And 5: preparing a parallel core and assembling a strain gauge, after crushing, uniformly stirring, putting into a mould, bonding, preferably uniformly stirring, putting into the mould, and adding formation water, calcium chloride and a calcium hydroxide chemical agent according to a certain ratio (the formation water is 1200mg, the calcium chloride is 0.25g and the calcium hydroxide is 40 g) to bond; then pressurizing, preferably in a three-axis pressurizing device, to make the glue; polishing the blank to enable the thickness of the blank to be consistent with the thickness calculated in the step 3; then, a groove with the same size as the strain gauge 19 is cut on the upper surface of the manufactured first layer of core to place the strain gauge 19, and the first layer of core with the strain gauge 19 is manufactured; finally, performing the same operation as the first layer of rock core on the crushed sand grains of other layers, and forming a plurality of layers of parallel rock cores after the step 5 is completed;
step 6: and (5) cutting the rock core, namely cutting and grinding the multilayer parallel rock core formed in the step (5) according to the size of the rock core holder (15). Preferably, polish four stupexes of cuboid, prevent that stress concentration from appearing broken, show to the rock core after the cutting is accomplished simultaneously and polish, guarantee the neat rule on rock core surface.
And 7: and (4) filling the core, namely filling the parallel core 33 with the strain gauge after cutting and grinding in the step 6 into the rubber sleeve 18.
And 8: connecting all parts according to the experimental device shown in FIG. 2, loading the rubber sleeve 18 with the parallel cores 33 into the core holder 15, and placing the core holder 15 into the scanning system 16;
and step 9: preparing an experiment, namely vacuumizing the parallel rock core 33, opening the vacuum pump 20, closing all valves except the fourth valve 6 and the seventh valve 30, namely opening the fourth valve 6 and the seventh valve 30, closing the first valve 23, the second valve 5, the third valve 4, the fifth valve 21, the sixth valve 24, the eighth valve 12, the back-pressure valve 25 and the ninth valve 27, preferably vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, preferably closing the vacuum pump 20 after completion, standing for a period of time, observing whether the pressure is stable, and ensuring that no air is retained in pores of the rock core;
step 10: after the vacuumizing is completed, the vacuum pump 20 and the seventh valve 30 are removed, the medium circulating pump 7 is opened to convey a pressurizing medium into the inner hollow cavity of the rubber sleeve 18, which is closed by double walls, so as to apply confining pressure on the parallel cores 33 in the inner core placing chamber, the second valve 5 is closed at the same time, all the other valves are opened, namely, the second valve 5 is closed, the first valve 23, the third valve 4, the fourth valve 6, the fifth valve 21, the sixth valve 24, the eighth valve 12, the back pressure valve 25 and the ninth valve 27 are opened, and the formation water in the second intermediate container 3 is injected into the first inlet of the core holder 15 through the injection pump 1; preferably, when the water is saturated, the pressure is increased to the experimental pressure step by step for multiple times according to the method that the confining pressure is increased firstly and then the first inlet pressure is increased, and the confining pressure is 3-5MPa higher than the first inlet pressure all the time in the saturation process; preferably, after the outlet pressure reaches the experimental pressure, the first outlet is closed through the eighth valve 12, pressurization and standing are carried out for one day, and all parallel rock core layers are completely saturated;
step 11: in the displacement experiment, the third valve 4 is closed, all the other valves are opened, namely the third valve 4 is closed, the first valve 23, the second valve 5, the fourth valve 6, the fifth valve 21, the sixth valve 24, the eighth valve 12, the back pressure valve 25 and the ninth valve 27 are opened, the experimental gas in the first intermediate container 2 is injected into the first inlet of the core holder 15 through the injection pump 1, the gas-water flooding experiment is carried out, and the gas-water flowing process in the core is observed through the scanning system 16; the displacement process is carried out simultaneously, the pressure change measured by the strain gauge 19 is recorded by the current-pressure transducer 22; since the development of dense gas is greatly affected by pressure, many experiments involve fluid flow characteristics under different pressure environments, and thus different stresses can be obtained by strain gauges. The strain gauge is deformed after being pressed, and deformation data is transmitted to the current-stress converter through current and converted into pressure data.
Step 12: the image data generated by the scanning system 16 is displayed and processed by the post-processing device 14 to obtain experimental results, as shown in fig. 4.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A compact gas-bearing layer mining fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method is characterized in that: the experiment is carried out by using a compact gas-liquid layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experiment device, and the experiment device comprises an injection pump (1), a first intermediate container (2), a second intermediate container (3), a medium circulating pump (7), a collecting device (13), a post-processing device (14), a rock core holder (15), a scanning system (16), a rubber sleeve (18), a strain gauge (19), a current-pressure converter (22) and a parallel rock core (33); the experimental gas is filled in the first middle container (2), the formation water is filled in the second middle container (3), the outlet end of the injection pump (1) is respectively connected with the inlet ends of the first middle container (2) and the second middle container (3), the outlet ends of the first middle container (2) and the second middle container (3) are respectively connected with the first inlet of the core holder (15) and are used for injecting the experimental gas and the formation water into parallel cores (33) in the core holder (15), the rubber sleeve (18) is provided with an outer sleeve body (17) and an inner core placing chamber, the outer sleeve body (17) is of a double-layer hollow structure, the double-layer hollow structure is provided with double-layer walls and an inner hollow chamber which is sealed by the double-layer walls, the rubber sleeve (18) is arranged inside the core holder (15), the parallel cores (33) are arranged in the inner core placing chamber of the rubber sleeve (18), the upper part of the rubber sleeve (18) is respectively connected with one end of a medium inflow pipeline (28) and one end of a medium outflow pipeline (29), the other end of the medium inflow pipeline (28) is connected with the injection end of the medium circulating pump (7), the other end of the medium outflow pipeline (29) is connected with the return end of the medium circulating pump (7), and a pressurizing medium in the medium circulating pump (7) is injected into the inner hollow cavity of the rubber sleeve (18) through the medium inflow pipeline (28) and returns to the medium circulating pump (7) from the medium outflow pipeline (29) after circulating in the rubber sleeve (18); the strain gauge (19) is arranged on the parallel core (33), one end of the strain data transmission line (31) is connected with the strain gauge (19), the rubber sleeve (18) is provided with an opening (32), the strain data transmission line (31) is led out through the opening (32), and the other end of the strain data transmission line (31) is connected with the current-pressure converter (22) and is used for transmitting the strain data of the core measured by the strain gauge to the current-pressure converter (22) for displaying; the core holder (15) is arranged in a scanning system (16), the scanning system (16) is connected with a post-processing device (14), and image data generated by the scanning system (16) is transmitted to the post-processing device (14) to be displayed and processed; a first outlet of the core holder (15) is connected with a collecting device (13);
a first valve (23) is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet end of the injection pump (1) and the inlet ends of the first intermediate container (2) and the second intermediate container (3);
a second valve (5) is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the first intermediate container (2), a third valve (4) is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the second intermediate container (3), and a fourth valve (6) is arranged on a first inlet pipeline of the core holder (15);
the core holder (15) is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet, and the second inlet is connected with a second inlet pressure gauge (8) through a fifth valve (21) and used for measuring the pressure of the second inlet; a second outlet of the core holder (15) is connected with a second outlet pressure gauge (10) through a sixth valve (24) and is used for measuring the pressure of the second outlet;
a first inlet pipeline of the core holder (15) is connected with a vacuum pump (20) through a seventh valve (30);
an eighth valve (12) is arranged on a first outlet pipeline of the core holder (15), and a back pressure valve (25) is arranged on a pipeline at the rear part of the eighth valve (12);
the medium inflow pipeline (28) is connected with a medium inflow pipeline pressure gauge (9) through a ninth valve (27);
the method for applying the experimental device comprises the following steps:
s1: identifying the geological structure of the compact gas reservoir to obtain the geological structure of the researched area;
s2: selecting a target reservoir combination;
s3: scaling the size of the target reservoir combination: scaling the thickness of the reservoir according to the size requirement of the experimental device by combining the number of the reservoir layers to be tested and the thickness of each layer, and recording the scaled size;
s4: preparing a core: firstly, crushing rock samples of all selected reservoirs to decompose the rock samples into single sand grains, and performing particle size analysis on the crushed sand grains of each layer in the crushing process to ensure that the particle size distribution meets the normal distribution;
s5: preparing parallel cores and assembling strain gauges: after the crushing is finished, uniformly stirring, putting into a die, bonding, and pressurizing to bond; then grinding is carried out, so that the thickness is consistent with the thickness obtained by scaling in S3; then, a groove with the same size as the strain gauge (19) is cut on the upper surface of the manufactured first layer of core to place the strain gauge (19), and the first layer of core with the strain gauge (19) is manufactured; finally, performing the same operation as the first layer of rock core on the crushed sand grains of other layers to finally form a plurality of layers of parallel rock cores;
s6: cutting a core: cutting and grinding the multi-layer parallel core formed in the S5 mode according to the size of the core holder (15);
s7: filling a rock core: filling the parallel core (33) with the strain gauge after being cut and polished by S6 into a rubber sleeve (18);
s8: the rubber sleeve (18) filled with the cores (33) connected in parallel is arranged in a core holder (15), and the core holder (15) is arranged in a scanning system (16);
s9: preparation of the experiment: vacuumizing the parallel rock core (33), opening a vacuum pump (20), closing all valves except the fourth valve (6) and the seventh valve (30), vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, and closing the vacuum pump (20) for standing after the vacuumizing is finished so as to ensure that no air is retained in the pores of the rock core;
s10: after the vacuumizing is finished, removing the vacuum pump (20) and the seventh valve (30), opening a medium circulating pump (7) to convey a pressurizing medium into an inner hollow cavity of the rubber sleeve (18) and closed by a double-layer wall, applying confining pressure to parallel cores (33) in the inner core placing chamber, closing the second valve (5) and opening all other valves, and injecting formation water in a second intermediate container (3) into a first inlet of the core holder (15) through an injection pump (1); when water is saturated, the pressure is increased to the experimental pressure step by step for multiple times according to the method that the confining pressure is increased firstly and then the first inlet pressure is increased, and the confining pressure is 3-5MPa higher than the first inlet pressure all the time in the saturation process; when the outlet pressure reaches the experimental pressure, the first outlet is closed through an eighth valve (12), and the pressure is applied and the pressure is kept still for one day, so that all the parallel rock core layers are completely saturated;
s11: displacement experiment: closing the third valve (4), opening all other valves, injecting the experimental gas in the first intermediate container (2) into a first inlet of the core holder (15) through the injection pump (1), performing a gas-water drive experiment, and observing the gas and water flowing process in the core through the scanning system (16); recording the pressure change measured by the strain gauge (19) by a current-pressure converter (22) while the displacement process is in progress;
s12: the image data generated by the scanning system (16) is displayed and processed by the post-processing device (14) to obtain experimental results.
2. The compact gas-bearing layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the outlet pipeline of the first intermediate container (2) and the outlet pipeline of the second intermediate container (3) are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the first inlet pipeline of the core holder (15).
3. The compact gas-bearing layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the connection point of a first inlet pipeline of the core holder (15) and a vacuum pump (20) is positioned at the front part of the fourth valve (6), and the vacuum pump (20) is used for vacuumizing the parallel cores (33).
4. The compact gas-bearing layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the back pressure valve (25) is connected with a back pressure pump (26), and a back pressure valve pressure gauge (11) is arranged on a pipeline at the rear part of the back pressure valve (25).
5. The compact gas-bearing layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the medium inflow line pressure gauge (9) is used for measuring the pressure of the medium flowing into the rubber sleeve (18).
6. The compact gas-bearing layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner hollow cavity of the outer sleeve body (17) is filled with nitrogen.
7. The compact gas-bearing layer exploitation fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parallel cores (33) are sequentially spliced from top to bottom by adopting a plurality of layers of cores, and a groove with the same size as the strain gauge (19) is formed in the upper surface of each layer of core and used for placing the strain gauge (19).
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