CN110885675B - 纳米荧光探针及制备方法与其在检测高尔基体中hno的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及高尔基体靶向定位检测技术,具体涉及纳米荧光探针及制备方法与其在检测高尔基体中HNO的应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本公开的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
高尔基体是一种由诸多扁平的膜结构囊泡构成的以分泌为主要的亚细胞器。高尔基体广泛存在与真核细胞中,与许多生理病理过程息息相关。其主要功能包括协同内质网合成蛋白质,并进一步加工、分选以及转运。通过高尔基体进行加工修饰后的蛋白根据门类的不同将会被输送到细胞特定部位或分泌到细胞外而发挥作用。近年,高尔基体的作用的研究成为许多研究者的关注热点,而现有的技术还不足以满足高尔基体靶向成像的需求。
亚硝酰氢(HNO)作为一种NO的类似物,在某些情况下能够直接通过一氧化氮合成酶产生,并且HNO与NO能够在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)存在下相互转化。HNO在细胞内发挥着重要的作用,例如它能够与蛋白质巯基反应抑制醛脱氢酶的活性、激活哺乳动物血管系统中电压依赖性的K+通道以及在治疗心血管疾病中担任重要角色等等。但由于HNO是一种能够自发反应的物质,在生物体内存在时间短极难捕获,因此直接检测HNO的方法及手段仍需进一步发展,这也限制了活细胞及体内环境许多生理病理过程中HNO作用研究的进行。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足,本公开的目的是提供纳米荧光探针及制备方法与其在检测高尔基体中HNO的应用,该纳米荧光探针表现出优异的高尔基体靶向定位效果,且能对HNO进行成像,且具有灵敏度高、选择性高以及合成简便的优点。
为了实现上述目的,本公开的技术方案为:
一方面,一种纳米荧光探针,包括探针分子C-HNO和牛血清蛋白(BSA),牛血清蛋白包裹探针分子C-HNO,所述探针分子C-HNO的化学结构式为:
另一方面,一种纳米荧光探针的制备方法,包括以2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素作为原料按照如下反应路线获得探针分子C-HNO,采用牛血清蛋白对探针分子C-HNO进行物理包裹;
第三方面,一种上述纳米荧光探针在检测高尔基体中HNO的应用。
第四方面,一种高尔基体中HNO的检测方法,将细胞置于含有上述纳米荧光探针的溶液中进行孵育,将孵育后的细胞进行紫外吸收检测、荧光检测或共聚焦成像检测。
本公开的有益效果为:
1.本公开提供了一种高尔基体靶向检测HNO的纳米荧光探针,该纳米荧光探针具有高尔基体的靶向定位效果。
2.本公开提供的纳米荧光探针的发射光位于橙光区,对组织产生的光毒性小,适用于活体成像等诸多优势。
3.本公开提供的纳米荧光探针生物相容性好,对细胞和活体损伤小。
4.本公开提供的纳米荧光探针具有纳米材料特有的EPR效应,有望开发成肿瘤区域HNO成像的工具。
5.本公开提供的纳米荧光探针的合成路线简便,且原料均为廉价易得的,能够应用于市场化的生产。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开,并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1为本公开实施例1制备的纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO与HNO反应前后的吸收光谱图,其中,横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为紫外吸收强度;
图2是本公开实施例1制备的纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO与不同浓度HNO响应的曲线图,横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为荧光强度,随着浓度的增加,BSA-HNO荧光强度也逐渐增加;
图3是本公开实施例1制备的纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO随HNO浓度增加的线性关系图,横坐标是HNO浓度,纵坐标是纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO的荧光强度,随着HNO浓度增加,BSA-HNO的荧光强度成线性增加的趋势;
图4是本公开实施例1制备的纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO在人宫颈癌细胞(Hela细胞)中与四种市售的不同亚细胞器的商业化染料共染后的细胞荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
鉴于现有探针难以对细胞中的HNO进行定位检测的问题,本公开提出了纳米荧光探针及制备方法与其在检测高尔基体中HNO的应用。
本公开的一种典型实施方式,提供了一种纳米荧光探针,包括探针分子C-HNO和牛血清蛋白(BSA),牛血清蛋白包裹探针分子C-HNO,所述探针分子C-HNO的化学结构式为:
本公开的另一种实施方式,提供了一种纳米荧光探针的制备方法,包括以2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素作为原料按照如下反应路线获得探针分子C-HNO,采用牛血清蛋白对探针分子C-HNO进行物理包裹;
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素通过脱水缩合反应获得探针分子C-HNO。
该系列实施例中,先采用脱水缩合剂对2-二苯基磷苯甲酸中的羧基进行活化,然后加入荧光素进行反应。
该系列实施例中,所述活化的反应温度为-5~25℃。当温度为-0.5~0.5℃时,效果更好。
该系列实施例中,所述活化的时间为10~14h。
该系列实施例中,脱水缩合反应的脱水缩合剂为二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)。
该系列实施例中,2-二苯基磷苯甲酸与二环己基碳二亚胺的摩尔比为1:0.9~1.1。
该系列实施例中,脱水缩合反应的溶剂为二氯甲烷。为了降低二氯甲烷中的水份影响反应效率,所述二氯甲烷进行除水处理。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,所述2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素的摩尔比为1~6:1。一般的合成工艺中多为1:1进行投料,但实验中发现,当2-二苯基磷苯甲酸的增加到5倍(即2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素的摩尔比为5:1)时,产率明显提高。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,所述物理包裹过程为:将探针分子C-HNO溶液加入至牛血清蛋白溶液中,采用进行透析获得纳米荧光探针。
本公开的第三种实施方式,提供了一种上述纳米荧光探针在检测高尔基体中HNO的应用。
本公开的第四种实施方式,提供了一种高尔基体中HNO的检测方法,将细胞置于含有上述纳米荧光探针的溶液中进行孵育,将孵育后的细胞进行紫外吸收检测、荧光检测或共聚焦成像检测。
纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO,遇到HNO时,小分子探针C-HNO结构中的酯基会通过亲核进攻并水解成为羟基。羟基对于荧光团荧光素具有ICT效应,使得给电子能力增强,荧光旨在520nm处发射增加,BSA包裹该探针能够特异性的将探针输送到高尔基体区域,即可对高尔基体中的HNO进行检测。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本公开的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本公开的技术方案。
实施例1
荧光探针的合成
取原料2-二苯基磷苯甲酸(5mmol)及二环己基碳二亚胺(5mmol)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.25mmol)溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,0℃下活化羧基30min,然后加入荧光素(1mmol),室温下搅拌12h。反应完毕后,旋转蒸发除去溶剂。随后用二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1作为洗脱剂,在柱层析法提纯得到黄色固体C-HNO(57%)。
取2mg C-HNO溶于300μL二甲亚砜中,溶解完毕后用移液器快速加入到事先用10mL去离子水溶解的100mg的BSA当中,室温下搅拌1小时。反应停止后,用分子量3000的透析袋透析过夜,即得纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO水溶液,浓度为100μg/mL。
效果实验:
通常,可以将染料分子溶解在生理盐水、缓冲液或由乙腈、二甲亚砜等水溶性有机溶剂,然后加入适当缓冲液及其他有机试剂进行测试。分别研究了探针BSA-HNO在2.5X且pH=7.4的磷酸缓冲水溶液及各种常见的有机试剂中的光物理性质并将其用于活细胞成像实验。活细胞的染色方法是将培养好的细胞放于含有探针分子的缓冲溶液中孵育,孵育一定的时间后除去孵育液,进行共聚焦成像实验。
探针BSA-HNO与HNO反应的紫外吸收、荧光发射及选择性实验:
对照组:BSA-HNO(10μM)、PBS缓冲溶液(25mM)、pH=7.4;实验组:BSA-HNO(10μM)、PBS缓冲溶液(25mM)、pH=7.4、HNO(50μM)。将对照组和实验组都在37℃下孵育20min,测量其紫外吸收光谱图,其光谱图显示于图1。横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为紫外吸收强度。图2为BSA-HNO对0~70μMHNO的响应情况,如图2所示,当HNO浓度逐渐升高,BSA-HNO的荧光强度也逐渐增高,这说明探针能够很好的响应HNO。BSA-HNO的高尔基体靶向性实验:
人宫颈癌细胞(Hela细胞)是由高糖的DMEM培养液培养的,分别加入2μM的探针以及0.5μM不同亚细胞器的商业化染料(包括高尔基体、线粒体、溶酶体、内质网四种)共孵育细胞30min后,使用激光共聚焦显微镜进行共定位成像实验。共定位细胞成像实验如图3所示,探针展现了优异的高尔基体定位效果。
探针对活细胞共聚焦荧光成像实验:
人宫颈癌细胞(Hela细胞)是由高糖的DMEM培养液培养的,提前用各种条件处理(包括外加100μMHNO组以及外加500μMNaHS组),然后分别加入2μM的探针在37℃中孵育30分钟,然后将细胞带有探针孵育液洗掉,进行激光共聚焦荧光成像,如图4所示。外加HNO组,细胞中的HNO浓度上升,荧光强度更亮。外加NaHS组,由于NaHS是细胞内合成HNO的重要原料,与对照组相比HNO浓度明显上升,荧光强度更亮。图4中单光子激发光为488nm,荧光通道收集500-580nm。
实施例2
荧光探针的合成
取原料2-二苯基磷苯甲酸(1mmol)及二环己基碳二亚胺(1mmol)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.05mmol)溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,0℃下活化羧基30min,然后加入荧光素(1mmol),室温下搅拌12h。反应完毕后,旋转蒸发除去溶剂。随后用二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1作为洗脱剂,在柱层析法提纯得到黄色固体C-HNO(15%)。
取2mg C-HNO溶于300μL二甲亚砜中,溶解完毕后用移液器快速加入到事先用10mL去离子水溶解的100mg的BSA当中,室温下搅拌1小时。反应停止后,用分子量3000的透析袋透析过夜,即得纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO水溶液,浓度为100μg/mL。
实施例3
荧光探针的合成
取原料2-二苯基磷苯甲酸(3mmol)及二环己基碳二亚胺(3mmol)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.15mmol)溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,0℃下活化羧基30min,然后加入荧光素(1mmol),室温下搅拌12h。反应完毕后,旋转蒸发除去溶剂。随后用二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1作为洗脱剂,在柱层析法提纯得到黄色固体C-HNO(24%)。
取2mg C-HNO溶于300μL二甲亚砜中,溶解完毕后用移液器快速加入到事先用10mL去离子水溶解的100mg的BSA当中,室温下搅拌1小时。反应停止后,用分子量3000的透析袋透析过夜,即得纳米荧光探针BSA-HNO水溶液,浓度为100μg/mL。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (14)
3.如权利要求2所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素通过脱水缩合反应获得探针分子C-HNO。
4.如权利要求3所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,先采用脱水缩合剂对2-二苯基磷苯甲酸中的羧基进行活化,然后加入荧光素进行反应。
5.如权利要求4所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述活化的反应温度为-5~25℃。
6.如权利要求5所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述活化的反应温度为-0.5~0.5℃。
7.如权利要求5所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述活化的反应时间为10~14h。
8.如权利要求3所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述脱水缩合反应的脱水缩合剂为二环己基碳二亚胺和4-二甲氨基吡啶。
9.如权利要求8所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,2-二苯基磷苯甲酸与二环己基碳二亚胺的摩尔比为1:0.9~1.1。
10.如权利要求8所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述脱水缩合反应的溶剂为二氯甲烷。
11.如权利要求2所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素的摩尔比为1~6:1。
12.如权利要求9所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述2-二苯基磷苯甲酸和荧光素的摩尔比为5:1。
13.如权利要求2所述的纳米荧光探针的制备方法,其特征是,所述物理包裹过程为:将探针分子C-HNO溶液加入至牛血清蛋白溶液中,采用进行透析获得纳米荧光探针。
14.一种权利要求1所述的纳米荧光探针在制备检测高尔基体中HNO的药物中的应用。
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