CN110883496B - Device and method for densification of high volume fraction SiC nanowires reinforced aluminum matrix composites based on three-dimensional constrained deformation - Google Patents

Device and method for densification of high volume fraction SiC nanowires reinforced aluminum matrix composites based on three-dimensional constrained deformation Download PDF

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CN110883496B
CN110883496B CN201911183020.6A CN201911183020A CN110883496B CN 110883496 B CN110883496 B CN 110883496B CN 201911183020 A CN201911183020 A CN 201911183020A CN 110883496 B CN110883496 B CN 110883496B
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aluminum
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indenter
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CN110883496A (en
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周畅
武高辉
肖云臻
杨文澍
周勇孝
吴翌铭
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Harbin Xiangrui New Material Technology Co ltd
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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Abstract

基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置及方法，涉及一种SiC纳米线/Al复合材料致密化装置及方法。目的是解决高SiCnw含量的SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料热挤压后易开裂和高温挤压后存在不良反应的问题。装置由模具、模具底板、上压头、下压头和约束体构成。约束体具有圆柱形空腔。方法：组装装置并将铝基复合材料置于圆柱形空腔内，预热后施加压力。本发明方法及模具进行致密化处理时复合材料处于三向压应力下，致密化的同时避免铝基复合材料的开裂。铝基复合材料强度、致密度和延伸率提高。本发明适用于铝基复合材料的致密化。

Figure 201911183020

A high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device and method based on three-direction constrained deformation relates to a SiC nanowire/Al composite material densification device and method. The purpose is to solve the problems of easy cracking after hot extrusion of SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composites with high SiC nw content and adverse reactions after high temperature extrusion. The device consists of a mold, a mold base plate, an upper indenter, a lower indenter and a restraining body. The constraining body has a cylindrical cavity. Method: Assemble the device and place the aluminum matrix composite in a cylindrical cavity, apply pressure after preheating. During the densification treatment of the method and the mold of the present invention, the composite material is under three-dimensional compressive stress, and the cracking of the aluminum-based composite material is avoided while being densified. The strength, density and elongation of aluminum matrix composites are improved. The present invention is suitable for the densification of aluminum-based composite materials.

Figure 201911183020

Description

High-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device and method based on three-dimensional constrained deformation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a SiC nanowire/Al composite material densification device and method.
Background
In recent years, metal matrix composites with nanoreinforcements as the reinforcing phase exhibit very excellent properties, and have become the focus of research. Generally, when one of the three dimensions of the reinforcement is smaller than 100nm, the reinforcement can be called a nano reinforcement, and can be divided into a zero-dimensional (nanoparticle), a one-dimensional (nanowire) and a two-dimensional (nanosheet) reinforcement according to the size characteristics. Aluminum matrix composites have been an important research direction in the research of metal matrix composites,among them, the aluminum matrix composite material using SiC particles as reinforcement is the most studied because SiC has excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature and has a good interface bonding state with an aluminum matrix. SiCnwThe (silicon carbide nano-wire) as a one-dimensional nano reinforcement shows more outstanding strengthening efficiency in the aluminum matrix composite material than the traditional SiC particle, along with the SiCnwThe preparation process is mature day by day, the preparation cost is reduced gradually, and people begin to use SiC more and morenwPreparation of SiC instead of conventional SiC particlesnwa/Al composite material. Jindakosol et al prepared SiC by hot pressing sinteringnwSiC in an amount of 5-15 vol%nwThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is researched, and SiC is foundnwThe addition of (A) significantly reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite material. Wenshu Yang and Ronghua Dong et al prepared SiC with a volume fraction of 10-30% by pressure infiltrationnwAl composite material, the obtained composite material has no bad interface reaction, SiCnwThe composite material is directionally arranged and shows excellent mechanical properties.
Currently, SiCnwThe preparation method of the/Al composite material is limited, the preparation method is mainly divided into a solid method and a liquid method, but the preparation method has the problem of low density, and micro cavities in the composite material with low density can often become the source of crack initiation, so that the composite material is broken in advance, and the plasticity of the composite material is greatly reduced.
By hot extrusion of SiCnwThe density of the composite material can be improved by treating the/Al composite material. But because of SiCnwLimitation of the deformability of the Al composite, the hot-extrusion method being suitable only for SiCnwThe composite material with the volume fraction below 40 percent cannot be applied to high SiC with the volume fraction of 40 to 60 percentnwAluminum matrix composite material. High SiC with a volume fraction of 40-60%nwThe aluminum matrix composite material with the content is particularly easy to crack during extrusion, and even if the temperature is increased to cause the aluminum matrix to approach the liquidus line, the cracking cannot be avoided. And the coarse grains and interfaces exist at higher extrusion temperatureAdverse reaction and the like, and the extrusion has inherent defect of uneven deformation. Therefore, how to achieve high volume fraction (40-60 vol.%) SiCnwDensification of the/Al composite to fully develop SiCnwThe difficulty of strengthening the effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of high SiCnwThe problem that the SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high content is easy to crack after being hot extruded is solved, and a device and a method for densifying the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on three-dimensional constrained deformation are provided.
The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is composed of a mold, a mold bottom plate, an upper pressure head, a lower pressure head and a constraint body;
the die is a cylinder, the die is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate, and the upper pressing head, the lower pressing head and the restraint body are stacked inside the die from top to bottom; the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head, and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head;
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die, the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies, a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body, and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
The method for performing composite material densification by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation comprises the following steps of:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material with the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die, the die bottom plate, the upper pressure head, the lower pressure head and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
the material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material;
secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to be 30-50 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h;
thirdly, densification treatment
And applying pressure to the upper pressure head to perform densification treatment, thus completing the densification treatment.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. by adopting the method and the die of the invention to treat high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the/Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum-based composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, and the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by an upper pressure head and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the die. The softness coefficient alpha of the aluminum matrix composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, is higher than that of other deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capacity, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum matrix composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum matrix composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the method and the die, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 100-200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved to 97-99% from lower than 90%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from less than 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the reinforcing effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method provided by the invention has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum-based composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. The device and the restraint body are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty is almost avoided, and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the densification apparatus of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a densification apparatus according to example 1, prior to densification after assembly, in which a is an aluminum matrix composite material prior to densification;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the densification apparatus of example 1 after densification, wherein a is an aluminum-based composite material after densification;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material before densification in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material after the densification treatment in example 1.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation comprises a mold 1, a mold bottom plate 2, an upper pressure head 3, a lower pressure head 4 and a constraint body;
the die 1 is a cylinder, the die 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate 2, and the upper pressing head 3, the lower pressing head 4 and the restraint body are stacked inside the die 1 from top to bottom; the upper pressure head 3 and the lower pressure head 4 are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head 3, and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head 4;
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies 5, a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body 5, and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies 5 are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
The embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. using the method and mold of the present embodiment to treat high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the/Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum-based composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, and the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by the upper pressure head 3 and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the die. The soft coefficient alpha of the aluminum matrix composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4 and is more than the soft coefficient alphaThe aluminum matrix composite material has a plurality of deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capability, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum matrix composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum matrix composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the device of the embodiment, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 100-200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved to 97-99% from lower than 90%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from less than 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressing head 3 and the lower pressing head 4, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the strengthening effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method of the device of the embodiment has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum matrix composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. The device and the restraint body are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty is almost avoided, and the cost is low.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the distance between the bottom of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraint body 5 and the end face of the semi-restraint body 5 is 2-5 mm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment. The restraining body is made into two semi-restraining bodies 5 which are symmetrical up and down, when the aluminum-based composite material is filled into the cavity of the restraining body, the semi-restraining body can be tightly attached to the restraining body, the distance between the bottom of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraining body 5 and the end face of the adjacent restraining body is 2-5 mm, therefore, the distance between the end face of the aluminum-based composite material and the upper pressing head or the lower pressing head is 2-5 mm, the aluminum-based composite material can be ensured to be located in an area with uniform deformation, and different parts of the aluminum-based composite material are enabled to deform uniformly.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the die 1 is connected with the die base plate 2 through bolts, the die base plate 2 is provided with through holes, threaded holes are formed in the inner lower end face of the side wall of the die 1, and the bolts penetrate through the through holes of the die base plate 2 and are screwed into the threaded holes in the side wall of the die 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the outer circumferential surface of the upper pressure head 3 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, and the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure head 4 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the length-diameter ratio of a cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is (0.5-0.1): 1. the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 is (1.5-1.1): 1, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the die 1 to the diameter of the first boss is (1.6-1.2): 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
In the embodiment, the length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is defined as (0.5-0.1): 1. and the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 is defined to be (1.5-1.1): 1, so that the stress and deformation uniformity of the aluminum matrix composite material is ensured. The ratio of the inner diameter of the die 1 to the diameter of the first boss is limited to (1.6-1.2): 1, so that the aluminum matrix composite material can obtain enough three-dimensional compressive stress on the premise of ensuring that the aluminum matrix composite material undergoes certain deformation in the extrusion process.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the die is made of stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy steel, high-temperature alloy or graphite. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the method for performing composite material densification by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is performed according to the following steps:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material which has the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die 1, the die bottom plate 2, the upper pressure head 3, the lower pressure head 4 and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
the material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material; the selection of the restraint body has very important influence on the magnitude of the compressive stress generated by three-dimensional restraint, and the high SiC with the volume fraction of about 40-60 percentnwThe aluminum matrix composite material of content, the material of the constraining body that this embodiment chose for use is unanimous with the base member material among the aluminum matrix composite material, therefore the intensity of constraining body matches with aluminum matrix composite material base member intensity, and when taking place to warp, the deformation of aluminum matrix composite material base member is unanimous with the constraining body.
Secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to be 30-50 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h; the aluminum matrix composite material is easier to deform under the preheating condition; if the preheating temperature is too high, the aluminum matrix composite material can generate poor interface reaction or generate brittle compounds, thereby reducing the mechanical property.
Thirdly, densification treatment
The densification process is performed by applying pressure to the upper press head 3, and the process is completed.
1. Using the method and mold of the present embodiment to treat high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the/Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum-based composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, and the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by the upper pressure head 3 and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the die. The softness coefficient alpha of the aluminum matrix composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, is higher than that of other deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capacity, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum matrix composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum matrix composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the method of the embodiment, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 100-200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved to 97-99% from lower than 90%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from less than 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressing head 3 and the lower pressing head 4, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the strengthening effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method provided by the invention has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum-based composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. The device and the restraint body adopted by the embodiment are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty is almost avoided, and the cost is low.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the seventh embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in that: step one, the base material in the aluminum-based composite material is aluminum or aluminum alloy; the aluminum alloy is aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper alloy, aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium, aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy or aluminum-beryllium alloy. The other steps and parameters are the same as in the seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: seventh or eighth differences from the embodiments are: SiC in the aluminum matrix composite material in the step onenw40-60% by volume of SiCnwThe average diameter is 50-500 nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 100-300. The other steps and parameters are the same as those of the seventh or eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the seventh to ninth embodiments in that: in the third step, when the upper pressing head 3 applies pressure to perform densification treatment, the moving speed of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 5-50 mm/min, and the displacement of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 20-50% of the height of the restraint body. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the seventh to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of this example:
example 1:
the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is composed of a mold 1, a mold bottom plate 2, an upper pressure head 3, a lower pressure head 4 and a constraint body;
the die 1 is a cylinder, the die 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate 2, and the upper pressing head 3, the lower pressing head 4 and the restraint body are stacked inside the die 1 from top to bottom; the upper pressure head 3 and the lower pressure head 4 are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head 3, and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head 4;
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies 5, a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body 5, and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies 5 are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
The distance from the bottom of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraint body 5 to the end face of the semi-restraint body 5 is 3 mm.
The die 1 is connected with the die base plate 2 through bolts, the die base plate 2 is provided with through holes, threaded holes are formed in the inner lower end face of the side wall of the die 1, and the bolts penetrate through the through holes of the die base plate 2 and are screwed into the threaded holes in the side wall of the die 1.
The outer circumferential surface of the upper pressure head 3 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, and the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure head 4 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1.
The length-diameter ratio of a cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is 0.5: 1. and the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 is 1.2:1, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the die 1 to the diameter of the first boss is 1.4: 1.
The die is made of stainless steel.
The sheathing treatment is generally used in an extrusion process, and the sheathing treatment cannot provide three-dimensional compressive stress, only can improve the surface quality of a treated material, and cannot ensure the deformation uniformity of the treated material. The device and the method enable the aluminum matrix composite to obtain enough three-dimensional compressive stress, and the aluminum matrix composite with poor plasticity and weak deformability is more likely to deform uniformly under the three-dimensional compressive stress.
The method for performing composite material densification by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation comprises the following steps of:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material which has the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die 1, the die bottom plate 2, the upper pressure head 3, the lower pressure head 4 and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
before the aluminum matrix composite material is placed in the cylindrical cavity, a mold release agent is coated on the inner wall of the mold 1, the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity at the center of the restraint body, the end face and the circumferential face of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 and the end face and the circumferential face of the second boss in the lower pressure head 4.
The material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material;
the matrix material in the aluminum-based composite material is an aluminum-copper alloy, and the mass fraction of Cu in the aluminum-copper alloy is 4%;
SiC in the aluminum matrix composite materialnwIs 50% by volume, SiCnwThe average diameter is 400nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 200;
secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to 40 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h;
thirdly, densification treatment
Applying pressure to the upper pressing head 3 to perform densification treatment, thus completing the densification treatment;
and in the third step, when the upper pressing head 3 applies pressure to carry out densification treatment, the moving speed of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 20mm/min, and the displacement of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 30% of the height of the restraint body.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the densification apparatus of example 1; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a densification apparatus according to example 1, prior to densification after assembly, in which a is an aluminum matrix composite material prior to densification; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the densification apparatus in example 1 after densification, in whicha is the aluminum matrix composite material after densification treatment; FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material before densification in example 1; FIG. 5 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material after the densification treatment in example 1. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the voids existing in the aluminum matrix composite material after the deformation treatment disappear, the density is significantly improved, and the SiC is present in the plane where the aluminum matrix composite material contacts the pressure head after the deformation treatmentnwAre distributed in two dimensions.
1. Using the method and mold of this embodiment for high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the/Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum-based composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, and the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by the upper pressure head 3 and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the die. The softness coefficient alpha of the aluminum matrix composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, is higher than that of other deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capacity, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum matrix composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum matrix composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the embodiment, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from 90% to 99%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressing head 3 and the lower pressing head 4, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the strengthening effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method provided by the embodiment has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum-based composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. And the device and the restraint body of the embodiment are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty hardly exists, and the cost is low.

Claims (7)

1.一种基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：该装置由模具（1）、模具底板（2）、上压头（3）、下压头（4）和约束体构成；1. A high-volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum-based composite material densification device based on three-way restraint deformation, characterized in that: the device is composed of a mold (1), a mold base plate (2), an upper indenter (3), The lower pressure head (4) and the restraining body are composed; 所述模具（1）为圆筒体，模具（1）设置在模具底板（2）上表面，上压头（3）、约束体和下压头（4）由上至下叠放在模具（1）内部；上压头（3）和下压头（4）为圆柱体，上压头（3）下端面设置有第一圆柱形凸台，下压头（4）上端面设置有与第一凸台的形状和尺寸相同的第二凸台；The mold (1) is a cylindrical body, the mold (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the mold base plate (2), and the upper indenter (3), the restraining body and the lower indenter (4) are stacked on the mold (3) from top to bottom. 1) Inside; the upper indenter (3) and the lower indenter (4) are cylinders, the lower end of the upper indenter (3) is provided with a first cylindrical boss, and the upper end of the lower indenter (4) is provided with a first cylindrical boss. A second boss with the same shape and size as the boss; 所述约束体为圆柱体，约束体的外圆周面与模具（1）的内圆周面间隙配合，约束体由两个相同的半约束体（5）构成，半约束体（5）中心设置有圆形盲孔，两个半约束体（5）的圆形盲孔开口相对设置构成圆柱形空腔；The restraint body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraint body and the inner circumference surface of the mold (1) are gap-fitted, the restraint body is composed of two identical semi-restraint bodies (5), and the center of the half-restraint body (5) is provided with a A circular blind hole, the circular blind hole openings of the two semi-restraining bodies (5) are arranged opposite to each other to form a cylindrical cavity; 所述约束体中心设置的圆柱形空腔的长径比为（0.5~0.1）：1、且约束体中心设置的圆柱形空腔的直径与上压头（3）中第一凸台的直径的比为（1.5~1.1）:1、且模具（1）的内径与第一凸台的直径的比为（1.6~1.2）:1；The length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical cavity provided in the center of the restraining body is (0.5~0.1): 1, and the diameter of the cylindrical cavity provided in the center of the restraining body and the diameter of the first boss in the upper indenter (3) The ratio of the mold (1.5~1.1):1, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the mold (1) to the diameter of the first boss is (1.6~1.2):1; 利用基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置进行复合材料致密化的方法按照以下步骤进行：The method for composite densification using a high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is carried out according to the following steps: 一、组装1. Assembly 取与约束体中心的圆柱形空腔的形状和尺寸相同的铝基复合材料，铝基复合材料置于圆柱形空腔内，然后将模具（1）、模具底板（2）、上压头（3）、下压头（4）和约束体组装形成预制件；Take the aluminum matrix composite material with the same shape and size as the cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraining body, place the aluminum matrix composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then place the mold (1), the mold base plate (2), the upper indenter ( 3) The lower pressure head (4) and the restraining body are assembled to form a prefabricated part; 所述的铝基复合材料由基体和SiC纳米线制备而成；The aluminum-based composite material is prepared from a matrix and SiC nanowires; 所述约束体的材质与铝基复合材料中基体材质相同；The material of the restraining body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material; 所述的铝基复合材料中SiC纳米线的体积含量为40~60%，SiC纳米线平均直径为50~500nm，长径比100~300；The volume content of the SiC nanowires in the aluminum-based composite material is 40-60%, the average diameter of the SiC nanowires is 50-500 nm, and the aspect ratio is 100-300; 二、预热2. Preheating 将预制件加热至铝基复合材料中基体熔点以下30~50℃并保温0.5~3h；The preform is heated to 30~50℃ below the melting point of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material and kept for 0.5~3h; 三、致密化处理3. Densification treatment 向上压头（3）施加压力进行致密化处理，铝基复合材料在上压头和下压头的挤压下向四周延展并铺平，导致纳米线随之延展并铺平，在平面内呈平面二维分布，即完成。The densification treatment is carried out by applying pressure to the upper indenter (3), and the aluminum-based composite material is extended and flattened around under the extrusion of the upper indenter and the lower indenter, resulting in the extension and flattening of the nanowires in the plane. Plane two-dimensional distribution, that is, complete. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：所述半约束体（5）中圆形盲孔的底部厚度为2~5mm。2 . The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-direction constrained deformation according to claim 1 , wherein: the bottom thickness of the circular blind hole in the semi-constrained body ( 5 ) 2~5mm. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：所述模具（1）与模具底板（2）通过螺栓连接，模具底板（2）设置有通孔，模具（1）的侧壁内下端面设置有螺纹孔，螺栓穿过模具底板（2）的通孔并旋入模具（1）的侧壁的螺纹孔内。3. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-way constrained deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mold (1) and the mold bottom plate (2) are connected by bolts, The die bottom plate (2) is provided with through holes, the inner and lower end surfaces of the side walls of the die (1) are provided with threaded holes, and the bolts pass through the through holes of the die bottom plate (2) and are screwed into the threaded holes of the side wall of the die (1). . 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：所述上压头（3）的外圆周面与模具（1）的内圆周面间隙配合，下压头（4）的外圆周面与模具（1）的内圆周面间隙配合。4. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-direction constrained deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer circumferential surface of the upper indenter (3) and the mold (1) ) with clearance fit on the inner circumferential surface of the lower indenter (4) and clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die (1). 5.根据权利要求1所述的基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：所述模具材质为不锈钢、耐热合金钢、高温合金或石墨。5. The high-volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum-based composite material densification device based on three-way constrained deformation according to claim 1, wherein the mold material is stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy steel, high-temperature alloy or graphite . 6.根据权利要求1所述的基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：步骤一所述铝基复合材料中基体材质为铝或铝合金；所述铝合金为铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝硅铜合金、铝铜镁合金、铝锌镁合金、铝锌镁铜合金、铝硅铜镁、铝硅镁合金、铝锂合金或铝铍合金。6 . The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-way constrained deformation according to claim 1 , wherein: the matrix material in the aluminum matrix composite material in step 1 is aluminum or aluminum alloy The aluminum alloy is aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper alloy, aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium, aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, aluminum Lithium alloy or aluminum beryllium alloy. 7.根据权利要求1所述的基于三向约束变形的高体积分数SiC纳米线增强铝基复合材料致密化装置，其特征在于：步骤三中向上压头（3）施加压力进行致密化处理时，上压头（3）相对下压头（4）的移动速度为5~50mm/min，上压头（3）相对下压头（4）的位移量为约束体高度的20~50%。7 . The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-direction constrained deformation according to claim 1 , wherein: in step 3, when pressure is applied to the upper indenter (3) for densification treatment , the moving speed of the upper indenter (3) relative to the lower indenter (4) is 5~50mm/min, and the displacement of the upper indenter (3) relative to the lower indenter (4) is 20~50% of the height of the restraining body.
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