CN110883496A - High-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device and method based on three-dimensional constrained deformation - Google Patents
High-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device and method based on three-dimensional constrained deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A device and a method for densifying a high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on three-dimensional constrained deformation relate to a device and a method for densifying a SiC nanowire/Al composite. Aims to solve the problem of high SiCnwThe SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the content is easy to crack after hot extrusion and has adverse reaction after high-temperature extrusion. The device consists of a die, a die bottom plate, an upper pressure head, a lower pressure head and a restraint body. The constraining body has a cylindrical cavity. The method comprises the following steps: assembling the device, placing the aluminum matrix composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and applying pressure after preheating. The method and the die of the invention are used for densification treatment of the composite material in three directionsUnder the action of force, densification is carried out while cracking of the aluminum matrix composite material is avoided. The aluminum matrix composite material has high strength, compactness and elongation. The invention is suitable for densification of the aluminum matrix composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a SiC nanowire/Al composite material densification device and method.
Background
In recent years, metal matrix composites with nanoreinforcements as the reinforcing phase exhibit very excellent properties, and have become the focus of research. Generally, when one of the three dimensions of the reinforcement is smaller than 100nm, the reinforcement can be called a nano reinforcement, and can be divided into a zero-dimensional (nanoparticle), a one-dimensional (nanowire) and a two-dimensional (nanosheet) reinforcement according to the size characteristics. Aluminum matrix composites have been an important research direction in the research of metal matrix composites, and among them, the research of aluminum matrix composites using SiC particles as reinforcement is the most intensive, because SiC has excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature and has a good interface bonding state with aluminum matrix. SiCnwThe (silicon carbide nano-wire) as a one-dimensional nano reinforcement shows more outstanding strengthening efficiency in the aluminum matrix composite material than the traditional SiC particle, along with the SiCnwThe preparation process is mature day by day, the preparation cost is reduced gradually, and people begin to use SiC more and morenwPreparation of SiC instead of conventional SiC particlesnwa/Al composite material. Jindakosol et al prepared SiC by hot pressing sinteringnwSiC in an amount of 5-15 vol%nwThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is researched, and SiC is foundnwThe addition of (A) significantly reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite material. Wenshu Yang and Ronghua Dong et al prepared SiC with a volume fraction of 10-30% by pressure infiltrationnwAl composite material, the obtained composite material has no bad interface reaction, SiCnwThe composite material is directionally arranged and shows excellent mechanical properties.
Currently, SiCnwThe preparation method of the/Al composite material is comparedThe method mainly comprises a solid method and a liquid method, but the method has the problem of low density, and micro cavities in the composite material with low density can often become the source of crack initiation, so that the composite material is broken in advance, and the plasticity of the composite material is greatly reduced.
By hot extrusion of SiCnwThe density of the composite material can be improved by treating the/Al composite material. But because of SiCnwLimitation of the deformability of the Al composite, the hot-extrusion method being suitable only for SiCnwThe composite material with the volume fraction below 40 percent cannot be applied to high SiC with the volume fraction of 40 to 60 percentnwAluminum matrix composite material. High SiC with a volume fraction of 40-60%nwThe aluminum matrix composite material with the content is particularly easy to crack during extrusion, and even if the temperature is increased to cause the aluminum matrix to approach the liquidus line, the cracking cannot be avoided. And the problems of coarse crystal grains, adverse reaction at an interface and the like exist at a higher extrusion temperature, and the inherent defect of uneven deformation also exists in extrusion. Therefore, how to achieve high volume fraction (40-60 vol.%) SiCnwDensification of the/Al composite to fully develop SiCnwThe difficulty of strengthening the effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of high SiCnwThe problem that the SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high content is easy to crack after being hot extruded is solved, and a device and a method for densifying the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on three-dimensional constrained deformation are provided.
The high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is composed of a mold, a mold bottom plate, an upper pressure head, a lower pressure head and a constraint body;
the die is a cylinder, the die is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate, and the upper pressing head, the lower pressing head and the restraint body are stacked inside the die from top to bottom; the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head, and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head;
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die, the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies, a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body, and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
The method for performing composite material densification by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation comprises the following steps of:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material with the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die, the die bottom plate, the upper pressure head, the lower pressure head and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
the material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material;
secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to be 30-50 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h;
thirdly, densification treatment
And applying pressure to the upper pressure head to perform densification treatment, thus completing the densification treatment.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. by adopting the method and the die of the invention to treat high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, and the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by an upper pressure head and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the mold, the softness coefficient α of the aluminum composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, which is greater than that of other deformation treatment modes, the deformation capability is extremely high, and the aluminum composite material can be prevented from cracking while the aluminum composite material is densified.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the method and the die, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 100-200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved to 97-99% from lower than 90%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from less than 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the reinforcing effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method provided by the invention has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum-based composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. The device and the restraint body are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty is almost avoided, and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the densification apparatus of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a densification apparatus according to example 1, prior to densification after assembly, in which a is an aluminum matrix composite material prior to densification;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the densification apparatus of example 1 after densification, wherein a is an aluminum-based composite material after densification;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material before densification in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material after the densification treatment in example 1.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation comprises a mold 1, a mold bottom plate 2, an upper pressure head 3, a lower pressure head 4 and a constraint body;
the die 1 is a cylinder, the die 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate 2, and the upper pressing head 3, the lower pressing head 4 and the restraint body are stacked inside the die 1 from top to bottom; the upper pressure head 3 and the lower pressure head 4 are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head 3, and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head 4;
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies 5, a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body 5, and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies 5 are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
The embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. using the method and mold of the present embodiment to treat high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by the upper pressure head 3 and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the mold, the softness coefficient α of the aluminum composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, is larger than that of other deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capacity, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the device of the embodiment, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 100-200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved to 97-99% from lower than 90%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from less than 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressing head 3 and the lower pressing head 4, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the strengthening effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method of the device of the embodiment has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum matrix composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. The device and the restraint body are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty is almost avoided, and the cost is low.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the distance between the bottom of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraint body 5 and the end face of the semi-restraint body 5 is 2-5 mm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment. The restraining body is made into two semi-restraining bodies 5 which are symmetrical up and down, when the aluminum-based composite material is filled into the cavity of the restraining body, the semi-restraining body can be tightly attached to the restraining body, the distance between the bottom of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraining body 5 and the end face of the adjacent restraining body is 2-5 mm, therefore, the distance between the end face of the aluminum-based composite material and the upper pressing head or the lower pressing head is 2-5 mm, the aluminum-based composite material can be ensured to be located in an area with uniform deformation, and different parts of the aluminum-based composite material are enabled to deform uniformly.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the die 1 is connected with the die base plate 2 through bolts, the die base plate 2 is provided with through holes, threaded holes are formed in the inner lower end face of the side wall of the die 1, and the bolts penetrate through the through holes of the die base plate 2 and are screwed into the threaded holes in the side wall of the die 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the outer circumferential surface of the upper pressure head 3 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, and the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure head 4 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the length-diameter ratio of a cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is (0.5-0.1): 1. the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 is (1.5-1.1): 1, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the die 1 to the diameter of the first boss is (1.6-1.2): 1. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
In the embodiment, the length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is defined as (0.5-0.1): 1. and the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 is defined to be (1.5-1.1): 1, so that the stress and deformation uniformity of the aluminum matrix composite material is ensured. The ratio of the inner diameter of the die 1 to the diameter of the first boss is limited to (1.6-1.2): 1, so that the aluminum matrix composite material can obtain enough three-dimensional compressive stress on the premise of ensuring that the aluminum matrix composite material undergoes certain deformation in the extrusion process.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the die is made of stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy steel, high-temperature alloy or graphite. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the method for performing composite material densification by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is performed according to the following steps:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material which has the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die 1, the die bottom plate 2, the upper pressure head 3, the lower pressure head 4 and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
the material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material; the selection of the restraint body has very important influence on the magnitude of the compressive stress generated by three-dimensional restraint, and the high SiC with the volume fraction of about 40-60 percentnwThe aluminum matrix composite material of content, the material of the constraining body that this embodiment chose for use is unanimous with the base member material among the aluminum matrix composite material, therefore the intensity of constraining body matches with aluminum matrix composite material base member intensity, and when taking place to warp, the deformation of aluminum matrix composite material base member is unanimous with the constraining body.
Secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to be 30-50 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h; the aluminum matrix composite material is easier to deform under the preheating condition; if the preheating temperature is too high, the aluminum matrix composite material can generate poor interface reaction or generate brittle compounds, thereby reducing the mechanical property.
Thirdly, densification treatment
The densification process is performed by applying pressure to the upper press head 3, and the process is completed.
1. Using the method and mold of the present embodiment to treat high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by the upper pressure head 3 and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the mold, the softness coefficient α of the aluminum composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, is larger than that of other deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capacity, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the method of the embodiment, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 100-200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved to 97-99% from lower than 90%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from less than 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressing head 3 and the lower pressing head 4, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the strengthening effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method provided by the invention has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum-based composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. The device and the restraint body adopted by the embodiment are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty is almost avoided, and the cost is low.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the seventh embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in that: step one, the base material in the aluminum-based composite material is aluminum or aluminum alloy; the aluminum alloy is aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper alloy, aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium, aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy or aluminum-beryllium alloy. The other steps and parameters are the same as in the seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: seventh or eighth differences from the embodiments are: SiC in the aluminum matrix composite material in the step onenw40-60% by volume of SiCnwThe average diameter is 50-500 nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 100-300. The other steps and parameters are the same as those of the seventh or eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the seventh to ninth embodiments in that: in the third step, when the upper pressing head 3 applies pressure to perform densification treatment, the moving speed of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 5-50 mm/min, and the displacement of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 20-50% of the height of the restraint body. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the seventh to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of this example:
example 1:
the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation is composed of a mold 1, a mold bottom plate 2, an upper pressure head 3, a lower pressure head 4 and a constraint body;
the die 1 is a cylinder, the die 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate 2, and the upper pressing head 3, the lower pressing head 4 and the restraint body are stacked inside the die 1 from top to bottom; the upper pressure head 3 and the lower pressure head 4 are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head 3, and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head 4;
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies 5, a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body 5, and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies 5 are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
The distance from the bottom of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraint body 5 to the end face of the semi-restraint body 5 is 3 mm.
The die 1 is connected with the die base plate 2 through bolts, the die base plate 2 is provided with through holes, threaded holes are formed in the inner lower end face of the side wall of the die 1, and the bolts penetrate through the through holes of the die base plate 2 and are screwed into the threaded holes in the side wall of the die 1.
The outer circumferential surface of the upper pressure head 3 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1, and the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure head 4 is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die 1.
The length-diameter ratio of a cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is 0.5: 1. and the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 is 1.2:1, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the die 1 to the diameter of the first boss is 1.4: 1.
The die is made of stainless steel.
The sheathing treatment is generally used in an extrusion process, and the sheathing treatment cannot provide three-dimensional compressive stress, only can improve the surface quality of a treated material, and cannot ensure the deformation uniformity of the treated material. The device and the method enable the aluminum matrix composite to obtain enough three-dimensional compressive stress, and the aluminum matrix composite with poor plasticity and weak deformability is more likely to deform uniformly under the three-dimensional compressive stress.
The method for performing composite material densification by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material densification device based on three-dimensional constrained deformation comprises the following steps of:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material which has the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die 1, the die bottom plate 2, the upper pressure head 3, the lower pressure head 4 and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
before the aluminum matrix composite material is placed in the cylindrical cavity, a mold release agent is coated on the inner wall of the mold 1, the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity at the center of the restraint body, the end face and the circumferential face of the first boss in the upper pressure head 3 and the end face and the circumferential face of the second boss in the lower pressure head 4.
The material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material;
the matrix material in the aluminum-based composite material is an aluminum-copper alloy, and the mass fraction of Cu in the aluminum-copper alloy is 4%;
SiC in the aluminum matrix composite materialnwIn a volume content of50％，SiCnwThe average diameter is 400nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 200;
secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to 40 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h;
thirdly, densification treatment
Applying pressure to the upper pressing head 3 to perform densification treatment, thus completing the densification treatment;
and in the third step, when the upper pressing head 3 applies pressure to carry out densification treatment, the moving speed of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 20mm/min, and the displacement of the upper pressing head 3 relative to the lower pressing head 4 is 30% of the height of the restraint body.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the densification apparatus of example 1; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a densification apparatus according to example 1, prior to densification after assembly, in which a is an aluminum matrix composite material prior to densification; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the densification apparatus of example 1 after densification, wherein a is an aluminum-based composite material after densification; FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material before densification in example 1; FIG. 5 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material after the densification treatment in example 1. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the voids existing in the aluminum matrix composite material after the deformation treatment disappear, the density is significantly improved, and the SiC is present in the plane where the aluminum matrix composite material contacts the pressure head after the deformation treatmentnwAre distributed in two dimensions.
1. Using the method and mold of this embodiment for high volume fraction SiCnwWhen the Al composite material is subjected to densification treatment, the aluminum composite material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, the three-dimensional compressive stress refers to the axial downward compressive stress applied by the upper pressure head 3 and the circumferential compressive stress applied by the side wall of the mold, the softness coefficient α of the aluminum composite material under the three-dimensional compressive stress can reach about 4, is larger than that of other deformation treatment modes, has extremely high deformation capacity, and can avoid cracking of the aluminum composite material while realizing densification of the aluminum composite material.
2. After the densification treatment is carried out on the aluminum-based composite material by adopting the embodiment, the elongation of the aluminum-based composite material is improved by 200%; the compactness of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from 90% to 99%; the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material is improved from 300MPa to 450MPa, and the improvement is nearly 50%. Meanwhile, the aluminum matrix composite extends and paves around under the extrusion of the upper pressing head 3 and the lower pressing head 4, so that the nanowires extend and pave along with the extrusion, and are distributed in a plane in two dimensions, thereby better playing the strengthening effect of the nanowires and improving the strength of the aluminum matrix composite.
3. The densification method provided by the embodiment has simple principle, easy operation and certain universality, and can also be used for other reinforcements and matrixes or aluminum-based composite materials with low and medium volume fractions. And the device and the restraint body of the embodiment are simple, the materials are conventional, the processing difficulty hardly exists, and the cost is low.
Claims (10)
1. A high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforcing aluminum matrix composite densification device based on three-dimensional restraint deformation, its characterized in that: the device consists of a die (1), a die bottom plate (2), an upper pressure head (3), a lower pressure head (4) and a restraint body;
the die (1) is a cylinder, the die (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the die bottom plate (2), and the upper pressing head (3), the restraint body and the lower pressing head (4) are stacked inside the die (1) from top to bottom; the upper pressure head (3) and the lower pressure head (4) are cylinders, a first cylindrical boss is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressure head (3), and a second boss which is the same as the first boss in shape and size is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressure head (4);
the restraining body is a cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the restraining body is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die (1), the restraining body is composed of two identical semi-restraining bodies (5), a circular blind hole is formed in the center of each semi-restraining body (5), and openings of the circular blind holes of the two semi-restraining bodies (5) are oppositely arranged to form a cylindrical cavity.
2. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire-reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation of claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom thickness of the circular blind hole in the semi-restraint body (5) is 2-5 mm.
3. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire-reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation of claim 1, characterized in that: the die (1) is connected with the die base plate (2) through a bolt, the die base plate (2) is provided with a through hole, a threaded hole is formed in the inner lower end face of the side wall of the die (1), and the bolt penetrates through the through hole of the die base plate (2) and is screwed into the threaded hole in the side wall of the die (1).
4. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire-reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation of claim 1, characterized in that: the outer circumferential surface of the upper pressure head (3) is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die (1), and the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure head (4) is in clearance fit with the inner circumferential surface of the die (1).
5. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire-reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation of claim 1, characterized in that: the length-diameter ratio of a cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body is (0.5-0.1): 1. the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical cavity arranged in the center of the restraint body to the diameter of the first boss in the upper pressure head (3) is (1.5-1.1): 1, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the die (1) to the diameter of the first boss is (1.6-1.2): 1.
6. The high volume fraction SiC nanowire-reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation of claim 1, characterized in that: the die is made of stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy steel, high-temperature alloy or graphite.
7. The method for densifying the composite material by using the high-volume-fraction SiC nanowire-reinforced aluminum-based composite material densification device based on three-way constrained deformation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
one, assembly
Taking an aluminum-based composite material which has the same shape and size as a cylindrical cavity in the center of the restraint body, placing the aluminum-based composite material in the cylindrical cavity, and then assembling the die (1), the die bottom plate (2), the upper pressure head (3), the lower pressure head (4) and the restraint body to form a prefabricated member;
the aluminum matrix composite material is prepared from a matrix and SiC nanowires;
the material of the restraint body is the same as that of the matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material;
secondly, preheating
Heating the prefabricated member to be 30-50 ℃ below the melting point of a matrix in the aluminum matrix composite material, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h;
thirdly, densification treatment
And applying pressure to the upper pressure head (3) to perform densification treatment, thus completing the densification treatment.
8. The method of claim 7 for composite densification using a high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation, wherein: step one, the base material in the aluminum-based composite material is aluminum or aluminum alloy; the aluminum alloy is aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper alloy, aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium, aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy or aluminum-beryllium alloy.
9. The method of claim 7 for composite densification using a high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation, wherein: in the aluminum matrix composite material in the first step, the volume content of the SiC nanowires is 40-60%, the average diameter of the SiC nanowires is 50-500 nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 100-300.
10. The method of claim 7 for composite densification using a high volume fraction SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite densification apparatus based on three-way constrained deformation, wherein: in the third step, when the upper pressing head (3) applies pressure to carry out densification treatment, the moving speed of the upper pressing head (3) relative to the lower pressing head (4) is 5-50 mm/min, and the displacement of the upper pressing head (3) relative to the lower pressing head (4) is 20-50% of the height of the restraint body.
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