CN110883122A - Short-process large-deformation blank making method for large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod - Google Patents
Short-process large-deformation blank making method for large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN110883122A CN110883122A CN201911187252.9A CN201911187252A CN110883122A CN 110883122 A CN110883122 A CN 110883122A CN 201911187252 A CN201911187252 A CN 201911187252A CN 110883122 A CN110883122 A CN 110883122A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short-process large-deformation blank making method for a large-size large-height-diameter ratio magnesium alloy cast rod, which relates to a short-process large-deformation blank making die for upsetting and extruding the magnesium alloy cast rod, and the method comprises the steps that firstly, an ejecting cylinder ascends, a force is applied to a back pressure plate through an ejecting rod, a first male die descends, and the lower section of a blank gradually enters the lower part of an upper cavity and is deformed by upsetting and extruding; then the lower section of the blank gradually enters the upper part of the lower cavity and further contacts the cambered surface structure, the first male die is continuously pressed downwards, and when the lower section of the blank is completely filled with the upper part of the lower cavity, the back pressure plate descends; and when the first male die touches the bottom in the upper cavity, replacing the first male die with a second male die, downwards extruding the blank at the lower part of the upper cavity by the second male die to enable all the blanks to completely enter the lower female die, and finally reforming the cylindrical blank with the same original size, thereby completing upsetting deformation. The scheme has the advantages of no need of multi-pass upsetting and extruding, short flow, convenience in use, capability of effectively overcoming instability defects and capability of upsetting and extruding large-size blanks with large height-diameter ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a metal extrusion forming technology, and is suitable for one-step large-deformation blank making of a large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod with a height-diameter ratio far greater than 3.
Background
The reciprocating upsetting-extruding process is a large plastic deformation method combining two kinds of deformation of multi-pass upsetting and extruding, and the schematic diagram of the process is shown in fig. 1. The first step is as follows: placing the Dxh blank in a first group of dies for upsetting and forming; the second step is that: and placing the blank after upsetting in a second group of dies for extrusion forming, wherein the size of an extruded piece is Dxh. At this point, upsetting-extrusion forming in one pass is completed, and the deformation process is repeated until the required pass is reached, so that large accumulated deformation is generated. Although the process has simple structure and convenient operation. The following disadvantages still remain:
due to different sizes of blanks in the upsetting deformation and the extrusion deformation processes, different dies need to be replaced, large accumulated strain is obtained through multi-pass reciprocating deformation, the production cost is high, and the flow is long.
Upset deformation is a non-uniform deformation process. The height/diameter ratio (h/D) of the cylindrical blank is generally limited to 2.5 during upsetting. In particular, when the height-diameter ratio is greater than 3, the cylindrical blank may be unstable, and "double drum" and folding defects may occur, so that subsequent deformation may not be performed.
In view of this, the prior art is in need of improvement. The scheme is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a short-flow large-deformation blank making method for a large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod, which can effectively avoid the defects of double drum shape and folding caused by instability, realize short-flow large-plastic deformation of the large-size large-height-diameter-ratio cast rod, and has the advantages of simple steps and convenient use.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
the method relates to a magnesium alloy cast rod upsetting-extruding composite short-flow large-deformation blank making die, which comprises a male die arranged on an upper workbench of a press, a female die arranged on a lower workbench of the press, a back pressing plate and a mandril connected with an ejection cylinder of the press, wherein the male die comprises a first male die and a second male die which can be arranged in a replaceable manner; the female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die fixed below the upper female die, an upper cavity with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is arranged in the upper female die and used for placing a blank, a lower cavity with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part is arranged in the lower female die, and the lower part of the upper cavity is communicated with the upper part of the lower cavity by a same central shaft; the diameter of the lower part of the upper cavity, the diameter of the upper part of the lower cavity and the diameter of the second male die are the same, and the axial length of the second male die at least can reach the inside of the female die; the diameter of the upper part of the upper cavity and the diameter of the lower part of the lower cavity are the same as the diameter of the first male die; the method comprises the following steps of:
s1: blanking a cylindrical magnesium alloy bar;
s2: homogenizing the cylindrical magnesium alloy bar to obtain a cylindrical blank;
s3: heating the cylindrical blank to a forming temperature and preserving heat, and heating the die to a temperature higher than the temperature of the cylindrical blank and preserving heat;
s4: mounting the preheated and heat-insulated die on a press machine, and uniformly spraying an organic graphite lubricant on the first male die, the second male die, the upper female die and the lower female die; placing the cylinder blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment into the upper part of the upper cavity;
s5: in the initial stage of upsetting-extruding forming, the ejecting cylinder moves upwards, acting force is applied to the back pressure plate through the ejecting rod, the press machine drives the first male die to move downwards, the lower section of the cylindrical blank gradually enters the lower part of the upper cavity and is gradually deformed due to upsetting-extruding; then the lower section of the blank gradually enters the upper part of the lower cavity and further contacts the cambered surface structure, the first male die is continuously pressed downwards, and when the lower section of the blank is completely filled with the upper part of the lower cavity, the back pressure plate moves downwards along with the gradual return stroke of the ejector rod; and in the later stage of upsetting-extruding forming, when the first male die touches the bottom in the upper die cavity, most of blanks enter the lower part of the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity, the first male die is replaced by the second male die, the second male die downward extrudes the blanks at the lower part of the upper die cavity to enable all the blanks to completely enter the lower female die, the back pressure plate is positioned at the position where all the blanks can completely enter the lower female die, finally, the cylindrical blank with the same size as the original size is formed again, and upsetting deformation is completed.
Preferably, the mold further comprises a knockout plate, and the method further comprises step S6: after the upper female die is provided with the knockout plate, the press machine drives the second male die to move upwards, and the tiny part of the blank left in the upper female die before adhesion is knocked down by the knockout plate.
Preferably, the method further includes step S7: the ejection cylinder drives the ejector rod and the back pressure plate to downwards exit from the lower part of the lower cavity, and then the upset cylindrical blank can be taken out from the lower part of the lower cavity.
Preferably, the male mold and the female mold are each fixedly connected to the upper working table and the lower working table by a fastener, and the method further includes step S8: after the cylindrical blank is taken out, the second male die moves downwards to be matched with the upper female die and the lower female die, fastening bolts connected with the upper workbench and the lower workbench are unscrewed, and the die is unloaded.
After the scheme is adopted, the gain effect of the invention is as follows: in addition, the invention has simple steps, does not need multi-pass upsetting and extruding, has short flow and convenient use, thereby being capable of quickly upsetting and extruding the blank with large specification and the height-diameter ratio being far more than 3 and laying a certain foundation for the subsequent deformation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional upsetting and press-deforming process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the operation of a cylindrical blank in a mold before upsetting-extruding deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a working state of a die during deformation of a lower section of a cylindrical blank entering an upper section of a lower cavity during upsetting-extrusion deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the working state of the die during the deformation stage when the lower section of the cylindrical blank is gradually filled into the upper section of the lower cavity during the upsetting-extruding deformation process in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the working state of the die during the deformation stage when the lower section of the cylindrical blank enters the lower cavity during the upsetting-extruding deformation process in one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the die in the final upsetting-extruding forming stage of the cylindrical blank after the first punch is replaced by the second punch according to the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
the stamping die comprises a first male die 1, an upper female die 2, an upper cavity 21, an upper part 211 of the upper cavity, a lower part 212 of the upper cavity, a first corner joint 22, a second corner joint 23, a lower female die 3, a lower cavity 31, an upper part 311 of the lower cavity, a lower part 312 of the lower cavity, a third corner joint 32, a fourth corner joint 33, a back pressure plate 4, a cambered surface structure 41, a mandril 5, a second male die 6, a blank 7 and a knockout plate 8.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2-7, the magnesium alloy cast rod upsetting-extruding composite short-flow large-deformation blank-making die comprises a male die arranged on an upper working table (not shown in the figure) of a press, a female die arranged on a lower working table (not shown in the figure) of the press, a back pressure plate 4, a mandril 5 connected with an ejection cylinder (not shown in the figure) of the press and a knockout plate 8, wherein the male dies comprise a first male die 1 and a second male die 6 which can be installed in a replaceable manner, namely, the first male die 1 and the second male die 6 are installed on the upper working table of the press in a replaceable manner, and the installation manner and the installation positions of the first male die 1 and the second male die 6 are. The male die and the female die are respectively fixedly connected with the upper working table and the lower working table through fasteners (not shown in the figure), and the fasteners can adopt fastening bolts.
The female die comprises an upper female die 2 and a lower female die 3 fixed below the upper female die 2, the lower female die 3 is arranged on a lower workbench of a press, an upper cavity 21 with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is arranged in the upper female die 2, namely the diameter of the upper part 211 is larger than that of the lower part 212, a lower cavity 31 with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part is arranged in the lower female die 3, namely the diameter of the upper part 311 is smaller than that of the lower part 312, and the lower part 212 of the upper cavity is communicated with the upper part 311 of the lower cavity by the same central;
the diameter of the lower part 212 of the upper cavity, the diameter of the upper part 311 of the lower cavity and the diameter d of the second male die 6 are the same, and the axial length of the second male die 6 at least can reach the inside of the female die;
the diameter of the upper part 211 of the upper cavity and the diameter of the lower part 312 of the lower cavity are the same as the diameter D of the first male die 1;
and the back pressure plate 4 is lifted above the ejector rod 5, so that the ejector rod 5 and the back pressure plate 4 can be sealed in the lower part 312 of the lower cavity in a vertically movable manner, and the upper surface of the back pressure plate 4 is of an arc structure with the middle part concave inwards.
The upper cavity 21 is used for placing the cylindrical blank 7, and the axial length of the second male die 6 is designed to be longer than that of the first male die 1, so that the second male die 6 has enough axial length to extend into the lower female die 3.
The ramming plate 8 is cylindrical, a through hole with the same diameter as the second male die 6 is formed in the middle of the ramming plate 8 and used for the second male die 6 to shuttle, and the ramming plate 8 is detachably mounted on the upper female die 2.
The method for producing the large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod into the blank in a short process and large deformation mode comprises the following steps of:
s1: d multiplied by h blanking of a cylindrical magnesium alloy bar;
s2: homogenizing the cylindrical magnesium alloy bar to obtain a cylindrical blank 7;
s3: heating the cylindrical blank 7 to a forming temperature and preserving heat, and heating the die to a temperature higher than the temperature of the cylindrical blank 7 and preserving heat;
s4: installing the preheated and heat-insulated die on a press machine, and uniformly spraying an organic graphite lubricant on the first male die 1, the second male die 6, the upper female die 2 and the lower female die 3; the cylinder blank 7 subjected to the homogenization heat treatment is placed in the upper part 211 of the upper cavity, as shown in fig. 3;
s5: as shown in fig. 4, in the initial stage of upsetting-extruding formation, the knockout cylinder moves upward, a force (referred to as back pressure) is applied to the back pressure plate 4 through the cylindrical knockout pin 5, the press drives the first punch 1 to move downward, the lower section of the cylindrical blank 7 with the size of D × H gradually enters the lower part 212 of the upper cavity, and the cylindrical blank 7 is gradually deformed due to upsetting-extruding, so that a blank 7 with the size of D × H (H ═ D × H/D, not shown in the figure) is obtained; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the lower section of the dxh blank 7 gradually enters the upper part 311 of the lower cavity and further contacts the arc-shaped structure 41, the first male die 1 is continuously pressed downwards, when the lower section of the blank 7 completely fills the upper part 311 of the lower cavity, the back pressure plate 4 moves downwards along with the gradual return stroke of the ejector rod 5, as shown in fig. 6, at this time, the back pressure plate 4 enables the blank 7 to be corrected in the upsetting-extrusion forming stage, the blank 7 is prevented from being unstable in the forming stage, and extrusion deformation is realized; at the later stage of upsetting-extruding forming, when the first male die 1 bottoms in the upper die cavity 21, most of the blanks 7 enter the lower part 212 of the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity 31, the first male die 1 is replaced by the second male die 6, and the second male die 6 downwardly extrudes the blanks at the lower part 212 of the upper die cavity to enable all the blanks 7 to completely enter the lower female die 3, which is also a design reason that the axial length of the second male die 6 at least can reach the inside of the female die; the back pressure plate 4 is positioned at a position where all the blanks 7 can completely enter the lower female die 3, and finally, the cylindrical blanks 7 with the size of Dxh are formed again, as shown in FIG. 7, upsetting deformation is finished;
s6: after the upper female die 2 is provided with the knockout plate 8, the press machine drives the second male die 6 to move upwards, and the adhered extremely small part of the blank left in the upper female die 2 is knocked down by the knockout plate 8;
s7: after the knockout is finished, the knockout cylinder drives the knockout pin 5 and the back pressure plate 4 to withdraw from the lower part 312 of the lower cavity downwards, and then the upset cylindrical blank can be taken out from the lower part 312 of the lower cavity;
s8: and finally, the second male die 6 moves downwards to be matched with the upper female die 2 and the lower female die 3, fastening bolts connected with the upper workbench and the lower workbench are unscrewed, the die is unloaded, and the part is taken out.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the blank 7 is placed in the upper part 211 (diameter D) of the upper cavity, the press applies a downward force F to the blank 7 through the male die, as shown in fig. 5, the ejector cylinder applies an upward back pressure F0 to the back press plate 4 through the ejector rod 5; due to the action of the lower pressure F, the blank 7 flows to the lower part 212 (diameter D) of the upper cavity and gradually flows to the upper part 311 (diameter D) of the lower cavity, when the lower section of the blank 7 completely fills the upper part 311 of the lower cavity, the back pressure plate 4 moves downwards, the back pressure plate 4 bears a larger back pressure F0 at the moment, and the blank 7 continues to flow to the lower part 312 (diameter D) of the lower cavity until the deformation is completed. In the deformation process, upsetting deformation, extrusion deformation and upsetting deformation are finished, and large-size large-height-diameter ratio magnesium alloy cast rod short-flow large deformation is finished. The invention effectively overcomes the defects of long flow and instability in upsetting deformation of the existing upsetting-extruding process, thereby particularly being capable of upsetting and extruding the blank with the height-diameter ratio being far more than 3 and laying a certain foundation for the subsequent deformation process. And moreover, multi-pass upsetting and extruding are not needed, the method has the characteristic of short flow and is convenient to use.
Because the right-angled portions tend to result in under-filling of the billet, transition fillets are designed at locations where the billet metal flows slower, particularly at the corners, to make the billet metal flow smoother and fill more complete. In an embodiment, two corner joints, namely a first corner joint 22 and a second corner joint 23, are provided between the upper part 211 of the upper cavity and the lower part 212 of the upper cavity, the first corner joint 22 is close to the upper part 211 of the upper cavity and is provided with a first transition fillet, and the second corner joint 23 is close to the lower part 212 of the upper cavity and is provided with a second transition fillet. Two corner joints, namely a third corner joint 32 and a fourth corner joint 33, are arranged between the upper part 311 of the lower cavity and the lower part 312 of the lower cavity, the third corner joint 32 is close to the upper part 311 of the lower cavity and is provided with a third transition fillet, and the fourth corner joint 33 is close to the lower part 312 of the lower cavity, so that the metal flow of the fourth corner joint 33 has little influence on the forming, and the transition fillet is not required to be designed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the design of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made in the design key point of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method relates to a magnesium alloy cast rod upsetting-extruding composite short-flow large-deformation blank making die, which comprises a male die arranged on an upper workbench of a press, a female die arranged on a lower workbench of the press, a back pressing plate and a mandril connected with an ejection cylinder of the press, wherein the male die comprises a first male die and a second male die which can be arranged in a replaceable manner; the female die comprises an upper female die and a lower female die fixed below the upper female die, an upper cavity with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is arranged in the upper female die and used for placing a blank, a lower cavity with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part is arranged in the lower female die, and the lower part of the upper cavity is communicated with the upper part of the lower cavity by a same central shaft; the diameter of the lower part of the upper cavity, the diameter of the upper part of the lower cavity and the diameter of the second male die are the same, and the axial length of the second male die at least can reach the inside of the female die; the diameter of the upper part of the upper cavity and the diameter of the lower part of the lower cavity are the same as the diameter of the first male die; the method comprises the following steps of:
s1: blanking a cylindrical magnesium alloy bar;
s2: homogenizing the cylindrical magnesium alloy bar to obtain a cylindrical blank;
s3: heating the cylindrical blank to a forming temperature and preserving heat, and heating the die to a temperature higher than the temperature of the cylindrical blank and preserving heat;
s4: mounting the preheated and heat-insulated die on a press machine, and uniformly spraying an organic graphite lubricant on the first male die, the second male die, the upper female die and the lower female die; placing the cylinder blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment into the upper part of the upper cavity;
s5: in the initial stage of upsetting-extruding forming, the ejecting cylinder moves upwards, acting force is applied to the back pressure plate through the ejecting rod, the press machine drives the first male die to move downwards, the lower section of the cylindrical blank gradually enters the lower part of the upper cavity and is gradually deformed due to upsetting-extruding; then the lower section of the blank gradually enters the upper part of the lower cavity and further contacts the cambered surface structure, the first male die is continuously pressed downwards, and when the lower section of the blank is completely filled with the upper part of the lower cavity, the back pressure plate moves downwards along with the gradual return stroke of the ejector rod; and in the later stage of upsetting-extruding forming, when the first male die touches the bottom in the upper die cavity, most of blanks enter the lower part of the upper die cavity and the lower die cavity, the first male die is replaced by the second male die, the second male die downward extrudes the blanks at the lower part of the upper die cavity to enable all the blanks to completely enter the lower female die, the back pressure plate is positioned at the position where all the blanks can completely enter the lower female die, finally, the cylindrical blank with the same size as the original size is formed again, and upsetting deformation is completed.
2. The method for producing a large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod with short process and large deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the mold further comprises a knockout plate, and the method further comprises the step S6: after the upper female die is provided with the knockout plate, the press machine drives the second male die to move upwards, and the tiny part of the blank left in the upper female die before adhesion is knocked down by the knockout plate.
3. The method for producing a large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod with short process and large deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method further includes step S7: the ejection cylinder drives the ejector rod and the back pressure plate to downwards exit from the lower part of the lower cavity, and then the upset cylindrical blank can be taken out from the lower part of the lower cavity.
4. The method for producing a large-size large-height-diameter-ratio magnesium alloy cast rod with short process and large deformation according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the male mold and the female mold are fixedly connected to the upper working table and the lower working table by fasteners, and the method further comprises the step S8: after the cylindrical blank is taken out, the second male die moves downwards to be matched with the upper female die and the lower female die, fastening bolts connected with the upper workbench and the lower workbench are unscrewed, and the die is unloaded.
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| CN113059012A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-02 | 中北大学 | Extrusion-stretching composite forming method for large-height-diameter-ratio conical cylinder |
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| CN114713654A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-08 | 中北大学 | Short-process severe plastic deformation preparation method of large-size rare earth magnesium alloy high-performance ingot blank |
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