CN110878295A - 一种粘红酵母去乙酰化酶2蛋白的制备及其应用 - Google Patents
一种粘红酵母去乙酰化酶2蛋白的制备及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粘红酵母去乙酰化酶2蛋白的制备及其应用,属于生物技术领域。本发明通过大肠杆菌重组表达制备粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的方法的步骤有:质粒的构建,大肠杆菌感受态细胞的制备,质粒转化,提取,鉴定,重组大肠杆菌蛋白表达验证,大肠杆菌发酵表达目的蛋白,提纯目的蛋白。本发明经实验发现,重组表达的粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白具有增强线粒体功能和重构线粒体网络的功能,可用于治疗和预防线粒体功能障碍和衰老的功能性食品和药品的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属益生菌Sir2蛋白的制备和治疗疾病的应用,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种具有重构线粒体网络和改善哺乳动物衰老细胞表型功能的粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的制备及其应用。
背景技术
低等真核生物Sirtuin基因与寿命有关的证据为哺乳动物Sirtuins基因影响哺乳动物寿命提供依据。多种实验已经证明SIRT1可以用来抗衰老。最近研究显示脑特异性SIRT1过表达能够延长老鼠的寿命和延缓衰老。缺失SIRT1的近交小鼠胚胎发育和产后生活受损严重。最近的一项研究证实,缺失SIRT1的远交小鼠并不能通过能量限制延长寿命。这表明内源性SIRT1是CR触发的寿命效应所必须的。SIRT2对寿命的影响尚未明确,但SIRT2可能可以预防某些与衰老相关的疾病。SIRT3是Sirtuin家族中第一个发现与哺乳动物衰老有联系的蛋白,一系列的研究报道了SIRT3作为线粒体重要的去乙酰化酶在维持线粒体功能中发挥重要作用。SIRT通过对对听力损伤的保护达到在CR下的抗衰老。此外,SIRT3能够调节ROS水平。迄今为止,还没有研究指出SIRT4或SIRT5基因与抗衰老之间的联系,但SIRT4和SIRT5调节线粒体代谢的潜在作用,不难联想到这些Sirtuins在衰老相关疾病中的潜在影响。
线粒体动力学失调和线粒体形态异常是衰老的标志,被认为是造成许多年龄相关病变的病理学原因。线粒体活力与线粒体质量控制有关,是非对称的裂变和融合的过程。重构线粒体网络促进线粒体和其他细胞器的相互作用,维持线粒体的代谢活性。Sirtuins可通过多条通路调控线粒体功能,Sirtuin2是否直接通过对线粒体功能的调控实现机体抗衰老还未知,以及如何控制线粒体网络以实现抗衰老是需要研究的。衰老与线粒体网络稳态的丧失有关,但是与这些变化相关的生物衰老的细胞过程仍不清楚。通过融合和裂变的线粒体网络的动态重构促进了细胞稳态的维持。线粒体动力学失调和线粒体形态异常是衰老的标志,被认为是造成许多年龄相关病变的病理学原因。
线粒体一直处于不断融合和分裂的循环中,这是两个完全相反的过程,对维持线粒体的数量和质量、以及线粒体之间物质交换至关重要,另外,正常的线粒体膜电位是融合和裂变所必须的。线粒体分裂增加线粒体数量,线粒体融合完成线粒体间蛋白质互补和信息传递。随着年龄增长,细胞内积累过多的线粒体碎片,诱导疾病的发生。线粒体融合和分裂需要相关蛋白质的参与和调控。功能正常的线粒体在与另一线粒体融合的过程需要定位在外膜的融合蛋白Mfnl、Mfn2和定位在内膜的视神经萎缩因子(OPA1) 的参与。特别的是,线粒体分裂是一个非选择性过程,需要动力相关蛋白1 ( Drpl) 、Fisl、MFF和MTP18的参与。
一组4698个可行的单基因缺失菌株进行了酵母RLS的系统分析,并鉴定了238个的单基因缺失延长寿命,提示单基因也能影响寿命。值得注意的是,敲除酿酒酵母的去乙酰化酶基因,包括SIR2, 3, 4,HDA1,2,3,HOS1,2,3,4,HST1,2,3,4,RPd3, SAP1,30,155, 185, 190,4,并不能延长寿命,说明这些基因是维持细胞活性所必需的,可能与细胞抗衰老有关。粘红酵母是已知的脂质生产者,细胞的形态变化伴随着增殖和分化,生长良好时形成大量的脂滴,细胞衰老时产油量减少,而且比酵母细胞生长期更容易被观察到,是一个很好的研究模型。经NCBI上检索发现,粘红酵母含有五个Sir2同源基因:hst3, hst4, sirtuin1, sirtuin2, sirtuin4。酵母Sir2家族与人的Sirtuins高度同源。
因此探讨酵母Sir2是否具有逆转细胞衰老表型的作用,并研究这一过程中线粒体分裂与融合、线粒体自噬以及线粒体动力学的改变对细胞活性和衰老的影响;进一步在在哺乳动物中验证。这项研究为用于预防和治疗抗衰老或代谢综合征等线粒体功能障碍的疾病提供新策略。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的制备方法和应用,为治疗线粒体功能障碍和衰老相关疾病的药品和功能性食品的制备提供新的思路。
本发明为解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:
本发明的一种粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.质粒的构建,质粒His-Strep pQE-TriSystem-Rt-sirtuin2由上海吉凯基因公司构建。
2.大肠杆菌感受态细胞的制备,质粒转化,提取,鉴定
(1)大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞制备
(3)重组质粒的转化
(4)重组质粒的提取
(5)重组质粒的鉴定——1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳。
3.重组大肠杆菌蛋白表达验证
(1)菌体培养
(2)收集与破碎培养的菌体
(3)目的蛋白的表达
4.大肠杆菌发酵表达目的蛋白
(1)菌体发酵
(2)蛋白的收集
5.提纯目的蛋白
(1)用1:10(m:V)的变性溶解缓冲液充分悬浮包涵体。超声助溶,冷冻离心机8500 rpm离心,收集上清。
(2)用不含有SDS的亲和层析柱基础缓冲液稀释收集到的上清液5倍,同时加入20%SDS,SDS的终含量为0.6%,混匀,0.22μm滤膜过滤后备用。
(3)用不少于3倍柱床的基础缓冲液平衡亲和柱,直到光吸收平稳,然后在亲和柱中上样刚处理好的蛋白样品。上样后,用基础缓冲液冲洗柱床,直到光吸收恢复。
(4)降低洗脱缓冲液流速为上样和平衡柱流速的一半,收集蛋白洗脱峰。
(5)高浓度的SDS处理收集的蛋白洗脱峰。
6. 蛋白纯度的计算
SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳法是将各洗脱液取样分别进行电泳,经考马斯亮蓝染色并脱色后,用计算机软件Gel-Pro analyzer分析扫描凝胶,得到目的蛋白的相对纯度。
相对于现有技术,本发明经实验发现,具有重构线粒体网络和改善哺乳动物衰老细胞表型功能的粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白可在大肠杆菌中重组表达制备,并具有改善线粒体功能,提高线粒体内关键酶活性,重构线粒体网络的功能。因此,粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白可为线粒体功能障碍和机体衰老的预防和治疗提供了一种新的可能性,以用于抗衰老的药物或食品中的制备。
附图说明
图1为实施例SDS-PAGE分析sirtuin2蛋白的表达,其中M:蛋白Marker;1:未转染的大肠杆菌菌株;2:表达Rt-sirtuin2质粒的大肠杆菌菌株;3:表达Rt-sirtuin4质粒的大肠杆菌菌株。
图2为实施例SDS-PAGE验证纯化的Rt-sirtuin2蛋白,其中M:蛋白Marker;1:提纯的蛋白条带;2-7:不同纯化过程时的蛋白条带。
图3为实施例预实验小鼠血清SOD水平,*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. D-gal group。
图4为实施例小鼠各脏器指数,*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. Normal group, # p<0.05, ## p<0.01 vs. D-gal group。
图5为实施例小鼠血清IgG,IgM和补体C3,C4水平,*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs.Normal group, # p<0.05, ## p<0.01 vs. D-gal group。
图6为实施例小鼠血清IL2水平,*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. Normal group, # p<0.05, ## p<0.01 vs. D-gal group。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例小鼠体内粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的重组表达与纯化制备
1.实验方法和材料
1.1实验小鼠
50只SPF级BALB/c小鼠,体重为18~20g/只,年龄在7-8周左右,购买于中山大学实验动物中心。在实验前,小鼠饲养在清洁级动物实验室,室温为20~25℃,湿度为60%,每天接受光照12h,每天更换新鲜食品和水一次。
质粒及菌株
大肠杆菌E.coliM15为实验室保藏;质粒His-Strep pQE-TriSystem由上海吉凯基因公司构建。
主要试剂
实验主要试剂如表1所示
表1 实验试剂
另外,IgG、IgM 和补体 C3、C4 ELISA 检测试剂盒,购自上海拜沃生物科技有限公司;总超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛试剂盒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶试剂盒,购自上海索莱宝生物科技有限公司;全蛋白提取试剂、BCA 蛋白定量试剂盒,购自南京凯基生物科技发展有限公司
1.4主要仪器
本实验中主实验仪器如表2所示:
表2 实验仪器
1.5主要溶液配制及培养基
(1)LB液体培养基:酵母提取物 0.5 g,胰蛋白胨 1.0 g,NaCl 1.0 g,溶于100 ml蒸馏水中,调至PH 7.2,121℃下高压蒸汽灭菌20 min,4℃保存备用。加10%-15%的琼脂在灭菌后,即为LB固体培养基。
(2)磷酸缓冲液:1.56 g/L磷酸氢二钠,0.2g/L磷酸二氢钠。
(3)TE破碎缓冲液:量取1mM EDTA溶液,20 mM Tris,混合后调节pH为 8.5。
(4)丙烯酰胺储存液 (A液):丙烯酰胺和双丙烯酰胺的比例分别为30%和0.8%;
4x分离胶缓冲液 (B液):pH 为8.8的Tris-HC1 1.5 M, SDS溶液0.4%;
4x浓缩胶缓冲液 (C液):pH为 6.8的Tris-HCl 0.5 M, SDS溶液0.4%。
(5)考马斯亮蓝染色液:配制1L染色液需要量取1.0g考马斯亮蓝 R250,溶于450mL甲醇溶液,再加入100mL冰醋酸,最后加入蒸馏水450 mL;考马斯亮蓝脱色液:配制1L脱色液按上述量取考马斯亮蓝后,溶液l00mL甲醇,l00mL冰醋酸,800mL蒸馏水。
目的蛋白的发酵与提纯
1.6.1质粒的构建
质粒His-Strep pQE-TriSystem-Rt-sirtuin2和His-Strep pQE-TriSystem- Rt-sirtuin4由上海吉凯基因公司构建。
重组大肠杆菌蛋白表达验证
(1)菌体培养
将两种单克隆菌株分别接种在LB的液体培养基中,振荡培养直到菌体OD600大约至0.6-0.8时,在培养基中加入0.15 mM的IPTG培养10~14h。
(2)收集与破碎培养的菌体
将培养好的菌体在转速为8000 rpm条件下离心10 min,将上清液去除。将菌体重悬,量取30mL的TE破碎缓冲液并加入,超声功率300W,一次持续5s,暂停5s,循环200次。
(3)目的蛋白的表达
先将得到的菌体在转速为10000 rpm的离心机中离心30 min。各组菌液使用超声破碎后得到上清液和沉淀,分别取样30 μL。量取4X上样缓冲液10μL,加入到各组中并混和均匀,高温处理持续l0 min。在电泳仪中将样品蛋白溶液和标准蛋白样品上样到制备的凝胶中,电泳持续60 min,当电泳带跑至凝胶底部则中断电泳,根据电泳结果分析目的蛋白的表达。
大肠杆菌发酵表达目的蛋白
(1)菌体发酵
1)设置发酵罐的pH和电极,调节溶氧电极零点,在发酵罐中加入培养基,安装空气过滤器、电极等。
2)高压湿热灭菌法将发酵罐灭菌20min,结束后设置初始参数:300 rpm搅拌转速,温度37℃,通气量为4L/min,此时溶氧为100%,pH设为 7.0~7.2。
3)在发酵罐中接种4% 种子培养液;溶氧浓度设在30% 以上,并设置转速与溶氧联动,最高转速设定为800 rpm。
4)发酵时间持续5~6小时,OD600约为10~15,添加0.lmM IPTG溶液进行诱导;目的蛋白诱导表达的过程中,取消转速与溶氧联动,转速调为500 rpm,补料速率调为0.40mL/min;
5)发酵时间持续12小时,在8000 rpm转速下离心发酵液,处理12 min,将上清去除,收集菌体。
(2)蛋白的收集
1)收集发酵菌体。用磷酸缓冲液清洗菌体1~3次,根据10%~20%的菌体浓度添加TE缓冲液,磁力混合均匀。
2)破碎发酵菌体,获得目的蛋白包涵体。高压匀浆机的压力设为800 bar ~1000bar,破碎菌体3次,转速为12000 rpm离心处理30 min,此时得到的沉淀即为蛋白包涵体。
提纯目的蛋白
(1)用1:10(m:V)的变性溶解缓冲液充分悬浮包涵体。超声助溶(破碎菌体条件,2个循环),室温保持2h以上,冷冻离心机8500 rpm离心,收集上清。
(2)用不含有SDS的亲和层析柱基础缓冲液稀释收集到的上清液5倍,同时加入20%SDS,SDS的终含量为0.6%,混匀,0.22μm滤膜过滤后备用。
(3)用不少于3倍柱床的基础缓冲液平衡亲和柱,直到光吸收平稳,然后在亲和柱中上样刚处理好的蛋白样品,控制上样量,每毫升柱床不超过5 mg蛋白,上样的速度控制0.5mL /min。上样后,用基础缓冲液冲洗柱床,直到光吸收恢复。
(4)降低洗脱缓冲液流速为上样和平衡柱流速的一半,收集蛋白洗脱峰。
(5)高浓度的SDS处理收集的蛋白洗脱峰,按照溶液a:溶液b为18:2:1混合处理2h,上样于已经平衡的Superdex-75层析柱 (120mL柱上样体积少于1.2mL、450mL柱上样体积不大于 8mL),120mL柱平衡流速1mL/min,450mL柱平衡流速3.5mL/min;120 mL柱上样洗脱的流速0.5mL/min,450 mL柱的流速1.5mL /min,洗脱峰分段收集。第二峰为目的蛋白峰。1.6.5蛋白纯度的计算
SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳法是将各洗脱液取样分别进行电泳,经考马斯亮蓝染色并脱色后,用计算机软件Gel-Pro analyzer分析扫描凝胶,得到目的蛋白的相对纯度。
动物处理
(1)将50只动物随机分为五组(N = 10):正常组、D-半乳糖模型组、D-半乳糖+ 10 mg/kg/d Rt-sirtuin蛋白(低)组、D-半乳糖+20 mg/kg/d Rt-sirtuin蛋白(中)组、D-半乳糖+40 mg/kg/d Rt-sirtuin蛋白(高)组;
(2)将提纯的两种Rt-sirtuin蛋白等量溶于0.9%生理盐水,含0.5%DMSO溶液中备用;
(3)D-半乳糖模型组处理方式:将D-半乳糖溶解于生理盐水中并通过颈背部皮下注射施用,D-半乳糖(120mg / kg /d)给予小鼠6周[61];
(4)在Rt-sirtuin+D-半乳糖组处理方式:在第3天D-半乳糖注射后,用不同剂量提纯的Rt-sirtuin2和Rt-sirtuin4蛋白混合溶液处理小鼠:低10 mg/kg /d ,中20 mg/kg /d,高40 mg/kg /d,同时每天继续注射半乳糖;
(5)对照组处理方式:所有动物每天给予0.9%盐水0.2mL;
(6)在第43天,将动物处死并进行后续实验。
小鼠脏器指数测定
每组小鼠称体质量后,颈椎脱臼处死各组小鼠,取小鼠的肝,脾,肾,胸腺,生理盐水洗净,吸干,称量。脏器指数(mg·g-1)= 脏器湿重(mg)/ 小鼠体质量(g)。
小鼠血清中抗氧化酶水平测定
小鼠摘眼球取血,静置3h,有利于血清的充分析出,1500 rpm离心10 min,取上清液。1.7.2.1SOD活性检测
用SOD测试盒测定,具体步骤参照试剂盒说明。在550 nm 处检测对照管和待测管之间的差异吸光度,计算SOD 活力值,其活力单位用 U/mL 表示。
含量检测
用丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒测定,具体步骤参照试剂盒说明。脂质过氧化生成的 MDA 可以和硫代巴比妥酸反应,产物为红色,在 532 nm 处测其最高吸收峰,其活力单位用nmol/mL表示。
活性检测
用谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)测试盒测定,具体步骤参照试剂盒说明。酶活力可用其催化还原型GSH与过氧化氢反应生成氧化型GSSG和H2O的速度来表示,在412nm处测吸光度,其活力单位用U/mL表示。
小鼠血清IgG、IgM和补体 C3、C4 及 IL-2 含量的测定
各组血清样本用生理盐水稀释10倍,按照 ELISA 检测试剂盒说明书操作,分别检测小鼠血清中 IgG、IgM 、补体 C3、C4及 IL-2含量。其中,IgG、IgM 和 C3、C4以Ug/mL为单位,IL-2以μmol/L为单位。
统计学处理
采用SPSS18.0软件分析数据,两组比较作t检验,多组均数间比较采用One-way ANOVA分析,显著性差异用p﹤0.05或者p﹤0.01表示。
2.实验结果
2.1目的蛋白的表达与鉴定
我们将两组His-Strep pQE-TriSystem表达质粒分别转入大肠杆菌,重组菌培养发酵后使用SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白的表达,如图1,我们分别在两组重组大肠杆菌中的39KD和44KD附近发现清晰的条带,提示Rt-sirtuin4和Rt-sirtuin2蛋白正常表达。
目的蛋白的纯化
经过一系列洗脱提纯操作,最终使用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,我们最终得到纯度约为96%的Rt-sirtuin2和Rt-sirtuin4蛋白,结果如图2所示,之后将其按照方法介绍的配置成溶液备用。
和Rt-sirtuin4蛋白对衰老小鼠血清MDA,SOD和GSH-PX水平的影响
已有大量文献报道过自然衰老可以通过长期用D-半乳糖诱导来实验模拟[62]。我们首先通过预实验测定1 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg剂量下血清中超氧化物歧化酶SOD的水平,确定最终实验所需的剂量,我们发现1 mg/kg剂量下,SOD水平无明显变化,而50 mg/kg剂量下SOD水平升高显著,100 mg/kg剂量下SOD也显著升高,但与50 mg/kg剂量剂量相比,差异不显著。因此我们最终选用的浓度梯度为10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg。
观察了D-gal诱导衰老小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),活性 丙二醇(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)水平的变化。如 表3,与对照相比,D-半乳糖组GSH-PX和SOD活性较低,MDA较 高。同时,中高剂量的混合Sir2蛋白处理后能够显著抑制衰老小鼠 的GSH-PX,SOD活性的降低和MDA的升高。
表3 血清GSH-PX,SOD和MDA水平
组别 | GSH-PX(U/mL) | SOD( U/mL) | MDA(nmol/mL) |
Normal | 230.5±28.4 | 85.37±10.65 | 17.26±3.13 |
D-gal | 179.7±25.5* | 69.34±11.37* | 21.79±3.86* |
D-gal+10 mg/kg | 198±30.4 | 73.23±10.43 | 19.34±2.87 |
D-gal+20 mg/kg | 232.7±26.5<sup>#</sup> | 84.58±11.21<sup>##</sup> | 17.92±2.69<sup>#</sup> |
D-gal+40 mg/kg | 235.4±25.1<sup>##</sup> | 85.62±9.87<sup>##</sup> | 17.21±2.48<sup>#</sup> |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. Normal group, # p<0.05, ## p<0.01 vs. D-gal group.
2.4Rt-sirtuin2和Rt-sirtuin4蛋白对衰老小鼠脏器指数的影响
由图3中可以看出,衰老模型组肝指数,脾指数,胸腺指数和肾指数较正常组显着下降。与老龄模型组相比,Sir2蛋白治疗组脏器指数显着升高,低剂量下效果不及中高剂量显著。
和Rt-sirtuin4蛋白对衰老小鼠免疫功能的影响
随着年龄的增长,机体免疫系统发生了退行性改变,对外来特异性抗原的免疫应答能力下降,并出现免疫功能全面失调,也成为评估衰老水平的方法之一。我们检测了小鼠血清IgG,IgM和C3,C4水平,结果如图4所示:与对照组比较,模型组IgG,IgM,C3,C4水平显着降低;中高剂量混合蛋白组IgG,IgM,C3,C4水平较模型组显着升高。我们还检测了炎症反应相关的细胞因子如图5,D-gal诱导小鼠血清中IL-2水平明显降低,蛋白治疗组IL-2含量明显升高。
Claims (8)
1.一种通过基因工程技术重组表达制备粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通过大肠杆菌重组表达制备粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:(1)质粒的构建,质粒His-Strep pQE-TriSystem-Rt-sirtuin2由上海吉凯基因公司构建;(2)大肠杆菌感受态细胞的制备,质粒转化,提取,鉴定;(3)重组大肠杆菌蛋白表达验证;(4)大肠杆菌发酵表达目的蛋白;(5)提纯目的蛋白。
3.根据权利要求2所述的通过大肠杆菌重组表达制备粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的方法,其特征在于:第(5)项提纯目的蛋白的步骤为:(1)用1:10(m:V)的变性溶解缓冲液充分悬浮包涵体,超声助溶(破碎菌体条件,2个循环),室温保持2h以上,冷冻离心机8500 rpm离心,收集上清;(2)用不含有SDS的亲和层析柱基础缓冲液稀释收集到的上清液5倍,同时加入20% SDS,SDS的终含量为0.6%,混匀,0.22μm滤膜过滤后备用;(3)用不少于3倍柱床的基础缓冲液平衡亲和柱,直到光吸收平稳,然后在亲和柱中上样刚处理好的蛋白样品,上样后,用基础缓冲液冲洗柱床,直到光吸收恢复;(4)降低洗脱缓冲液流速为上样和平衡柱流速的一半,收集蛋白洗脱峰;(5)高浓度的SDS处理收集的蛋白洗脱峰,其蛋白纯度约为96%。
4.根据权利要求2中所述的任意一种或多种通过大肠杆菌重组表达制备粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的步骤制备获得的sirtuin2蛋白。
5.权利要求1所述的一种通过基因工程技术重组表达制备粘红酵母sirtuin2蛋白的方法,其特征在于,包括所有可接受的重组表达sirtuin2蛋白的基因工程载体和表达系统。
6.根据权利要求5获得的sirtuin2蛋白在治疗和/或预防线粒体功能障碍相关疾病的药品和功能性食品制备中的应用。
7.根据权利要求5获得的sirtuin2蛋白在治疗和/或预防衰老的药品和功能性食品制备中的应用。
8.根据权利要求5获得的sirtuin2蛋白在治疗和/或预防代谢综合征的药品和功能性食品制备中的应用。
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