CN110877003B - Hole part inner wall spraying method and device based on double-pulse strong laser technology - Google Patents
Hole part inner wall spraying method and device based on double-pulse strong laser technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001640558 Cotoneaster horizontalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C7/00—Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work
- B05C7/02—Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work the liquid or other fluent material being projected
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C13/00—Means for manipulating or holding work, e.g. for separate articles
- B05C13/02—Means for manipulating or holding work, e.g. for separate articles for particular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C15/00—Enclosures for apparatus; Booths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
- B05C9/08—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation
- B05C9/14—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation involving heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/62—Plasma-deposition of organic layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
- B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
Description
技术领域:Technical field:
本发明属于零件内壁喷涂领域,具体涉及一种基于双脉冲强激光技术的孔类零件内壁喷涂方法和装置。本发明利用功率密度在105-106W/cm2范围内、脉宽为ms量级的强激光熔融喷涂材料棒,利用功率密度高于108W/cm2、脉宽为ns量级的强激光直接辐照在熔融的喷涂材料上,部分喷涂材料吸收激光能量产生高压等离子体,高压等离子体瞬间对熔融材料施加一向下的超高冲击力,使熔融材料溅射,溅射的熔滴在零件内部雾化成更为细小的微粒,并高速撞向零件内壁,进而形成涂层的方法及装置,适用于零件内壁的喷涂。The invention belongs to the field of inner wall spraying of parts, and in particular relates to a method and device for inner wall spraying of hole parts based on double-pulse intense laser technology. The present invention utilizes a strong laser melt-spraying material rod with a power density in the range of 10 5 -10 6 W/cm 2 and a pulse width of the order of ms, and uses a power density higher than 10 8 W/cm 2 and a pulse width of the order of ns The strong laser is directly irradiated on the molten spraying material, and part of the spraying material absorbs the laser energy to generate high-pressure plasma. Drops are atomized into finer particles inside the part, and hit the inner wall of the part at high speed to form a method and device for coating, which is suitable for spraying the inner wall of the part.
背景技术:Background technique:
激光技术是20世纪60年代最重要的科技成就之一,它的出现,几乎对整个科技领域的发展都起了重大的改革和推进作用。目前,已与多个学科相结合形成多个应用技术领域,如激光加工技术、激光检测与计量技术等。Laser technology is one of the most important scientific and technological achievements in the 1960s. Its appearance has played a major role in reforming and promoting the development of almost the entire scientific and technological field. At present, it has been combined with multiple disciplines to form multiple application technology fields, such as laser processing technology, laser detection and measurement technology, etc.
不同参数的激光与材料相互作用所产生的效果是不同的,如低功率密度的激光作用在材料上,材料会产生加热熔融的现象,而较高的功率密度的激光作用在材料上,则材料会发生气化、产生等离子体的现象。The effect of the interaction between the laser with different parameters and the material is different. For example, when the laser with low power density acts on the material, the material will heat and melt, while the laser with high power density acts on the material, the material will be melted. Vaporization and plasma generation will occur.
中国专利CN108707853A所公布的一种方法中,先将喷涂材料热喷涂到气缸孔内壁上,之后用激光重熔部分涂层使得涂层锚固到基底上,在该专利中所使用的激光的功率密度是在较低范围的;中国专利CN108018519A所公布的一种方法中,先用激光焊接或者熔覆的方法使得强化层或者强化环附着到气缸孔上部,再用热喷涂的方法将喷涂材料喷涂到内壁上,在该专利中所使用的激光的功率密度也是在较低范围的,显然上述两个专利并未充分利用不同参数的激光对材料的不同作用效果。而且,上述专利所公布的方法中,皆是将热喷涂和激光熔覆配合使用,使得整个喷涂过程显得繁琐,整个装置也显得复杂。In a method disclosed in Chinese patent CN108707853A, the spray material is thermally sprayed onto the inner wall of the cylinder bore, and then part of the coating is remelted with a laser to anchor the coating to the substrate. The power density of the laser used in this patent is It is in the lower range; in a method disclosed by Chinese patent CN108018519A, the method of laser welding or cladding is used to make the reinforcement layer or the reinforcement ring adhere to the upper part of the cylinder bore, and then the spray material is sprayed on the cylinder bore by thermal spraying. On the inner wall, the power density of the laser used in this patent is also in a lower range. Obviously, the above two patents do not make full use of the different effects of lasers with different parameters on materials. Moreover, in the methods disclosed in the above-mentioned patents, thermal spraying and laser cladding are used together, which makes the whole spraying process complicated and the whole device complicated.
另外,根据已有的研究成果和工程实践表明,喷涂涂层的性能和质量除了与料粉粒度和料粉喷涂速度等有关外,与喷涂过程中对零件的热处理也有很大关系。因为喷涂涂层与基体的材料成分相差很大,线胀系数也相差较大,而且由于喷涂材料在接触到基底表面上的同时也在向基底传递热量,因此会引起较大的内应力,致使在冷却过程中涂层产生裂纹或剥落等缺陷,进而影响喷涂涂层的质量。In addition, according to the existing research results and engineering practice, the performance and quality of the sprayed coating are not only related to the particle size of the material powder and the spraying speed of the material powder, but also have a great relationship with the heat treatment of the parts during the spraying process. Because the material composition of the sprayed coating and the substrate is very different, the coefficient of linear expansion is also very different, and because the sprayed material is also transferring heat to the substrate when it contacts the surface of the substrate, it will cause a large internal stress, resulting in During the cooling process, the coating produces defects such as cracks or peeling off, which in turn affects the quality of the sprayed coating.
基于上述零件喷涂过程中存在的问题,本发明设计了一种在喷涂过程中对零件热处理条件下先使用功率密度在105-106W/cm2范围内、脉宽为ms量级的强激光直接熔融喷涂材料,再使用功率密度高于108W/cm2、脉宽为ns量级的强激光直接辐照在喷涂材料棒上,部分熔融材料吸收激光能量产生高压等离子体,高压等离子体瞬间对熔融材料施加一向下的超高冲击力,使熔融材料溅射,溅射的熔滴在零件内部雾化成更为细小的微粒,并高速撞向零件内壁,进而形成涂层的喷涂方法和装置,以解决上述问题。Based on the problems existing in the spraying process of the above-mentioned parts, the present invention designs a power density in the range of 10 5 -10 6 W/cm 2 and a pulse width of the order of ms under the condition of heat treatment of the parts in the spraying process. The laser directly melts the sprayed material, and then uses a strong laser with a power density higher than 10 8 W/cm 2 and a pulse width of ns level to directly irradiate the sprayed material rod, and part of the molten material absorbs the laser energy to generate high-pressure plasma. The body instantly exerts a downward ultra-high impact force on the molten material, causing the molten material to sputter, and the sputtered droplets are atomized into finer particles inside the part, and hit the inner wall of the part at high speed to form a coating. and devices to solve the above problems.
发明内容:Invention content:
本发明的目的是提供一种基于双脉冲强激光技术的孔类零件内壁喷涂方法和装置。本发明所提供的基于双脉冲强激光技术的零件内壁喷涂方法的具体步骤如下:The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for spraying the inner wall of hole-type parts based on double-pulse intense laser technology. The specific steps of the part inner wall spraying method based on double-pulse intense laser technology provided by the present invention are as follows:
(1)装置安装好后,计算机30向控制器29发送信号,使所述控制器29控制进气开关9阀门和空气加热器7的同时打开,向喷涂室10内部通入保护气。(1) After the device is installed, the
(2)所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使得所述控制器29控制电热管12的通电。(2) The
(3)所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使得所述控制器29控制双脉冲激光发生器1先发出一个脉宽为ms量级、功率密度在105-106W/cm2范围内的强激光脉冲束3,使其竖直直接辐照在喷涂材料棒22的上端面,所述喷涂材料棒22上端面部分喷涂材料吸收激光能量发生熔融,并形成熔池;所述双脉冲激光发生器1再发出一个功率密度高于108W/cm2、脉宽为ns量级的所述强激光脉冲束3,使其竖直直接辐照在熔池内的熔融材料表面上,部分熔融材料吸收激光能量产生的高压等离子体瞬间对熔融材料施加一向下的超高冲击力,使熔融材料发生溅射,溅射的熔滴在孔类零件内部雾化成更为细小的微粒,所述微粒以很高的速度撞向孔类零件23内壁,进而形成喷涂涂层24,完成第一次喷涂。(3) The
(4)使所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使所述控制器29控制窗口清理装置28清理透明玻璃27上附着的物体。(4) Make the
(5)当第一次冲击喷涂的所述喷涂涂层24厚度未达到要求,需要在同一位置进行多次喷涂时;重复步骤(3)、步骤(4)一次,至此完成所述孔类零件23内壁的第二次喷涂;重复步骤(3)、步骤(4)多次,直至该位置的涂层厚度满足要求。(5) When the thickness of the sprayed
(6)需要在不同位置进行喷涂时,通过所述计算机30给所述控制器29发送信号,使所述控制器29控制第二升降台16和其上的所述孔类零件23移动;重复上述步骤(3)、步骤(4)多次,至此完成新位置的喷涂,直至所述孔类零件23内壁喷涂涂层24都达到要求为止;之后,关闭所述空气加热器7和所述电热管12的开关,所述孔类零件23在被加热的所述喷涂室10内进行缓慢冷却,待得所述喷涂涂层24冷却至设定温度,停止通入保护气,松开第二夹具15,打开活动窗口25,取出所述孔类零件23,完成孔类零件的内壁喷涂。(6) When spraying needs to be carried out at different positions, send a signal to the
本发明同时提供一种基于双脉冲强激光技术的零件内壁喷涂装置,该装置包括夹具系统、加热保护系统、双脉冲激光发生器1、导光系统及控制系统:所述夹具系统包括孔类零件23、喷涂材料棒22、第二密封圈14、第三密封圈17、软质垫圈26、压盖6、第一升降台18、第二升降台16、第一夹具19及第二夹具15,所述压盖6和所述软质垫圈26位于喷涂室10的上部,所述夹具系统中的其余部件位于所述喷涂室10的下部,所述第二密封圈14安装于所述喷涂室10底部设置的环形槽上,所述孔类零件23穿过所述第二密封圈14内圈并与所述第二密封圈14形成配合,所述孔类零件23放置于所述第二夹具15上,所述第二夹具15固定在所述第二升降台16上,所述第二夹具15夹紧所述孔类零件23,所述第三密封圈17安装在所述第二升降台16中部设置的环形槽上,所述喷涂材料棒22穿过所述第三密封圈17内圈并与所述第三密封圈17形成配合,所述喷涂材料棒22放置于所述第一夹具19上,所述第一夹具19固定于所述第一升降台18上,所述第一夹具19夹紧所述喷涂材料棒22,所述软质垫圈26放置在所述喷涂室10上部侧壁台阶上,透明玻璃27放置于所述软质垫圈26上,所述压盖6通过螺纹与所述喷涂室10上部侧壁形成配合,所述压盖6压紧所述透明玻璃27;所述加热保护系统包括喷涂室10、隔热涂层11、活动窗口25、进气开关9、进气管8、第一密封圈13、电热管12、空气加热器7、单向阀20及排气管21,所述活动窗口25位于喷涂室10的左侧,所述单向阀20和所述排气管21位于所述喷涂室10的左下侧,所述进气开关9、所述进气管8和所述空气加热器7位于所述喷涂室10的右上侧,所述加热保护系统中的其余部件位于喷涂室的右下侧,所述隔热涂层11涂在所述喷涂室10的内壁上,所述空气加热器7安装在进气口处,所述进气管8安装在所述空气加热器7上,所述进气开关9安装在所述进气管8上,所述第一密封圈13安装在所述电热管12尾部和所述喷涂室10侧壁的交界处所设置的环形槽上,所述电热管12尾部穿过所述第一密封圈13的内圈,所述电热管12尾部与所述第一密封圈13形成配合,所述单向阀20安装在排气口处,所述排气管21安装在所述单向阀20上;所述导光系统包括导光管2、全反镜4、冲击头5、透明玻璃27和窗口清理装置28,所述导光系统位于喷涂室10的上方,所述导光管2的一端连接所述双脉冲激光发生器1,所述导光管2的另一端连接所述冲击头5,所述窗口清理装置28安装在所述透明玻璃27上,所述冲击头5下方正对所述喷涂材料棒22;所述控制系统包括计算机30和控制器29,所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,所述控制器29通过数据线分别与所述双脉冲激光发生器1、所述进气开关9、所述空气加热器7、所述电热管12、所述第一升降台18、所述第二升降台16和所述窗口清理装置28相连。The present invention also provides a part inner wall spraying device based on double-pulse intense laser technology, the device includes a fixture system, a heating protection system, a double-pulse laser generator 1, a light guide system and a control system: the fixture system includes hole parts 23. Spraying
本发明先用功率密度在105-106W/cm2范围内、脉宽为ms量级的强激光熔融喷涂材料,后用功率密度高于108W/cm2、脉宽为ns量级的强激光脉冲束直接辐照在熔融后的喷涂材料上,部分熔融材料吸收激光能量产生高压等离子体,高压等离子体瞬间对熔融材料施加一向下的超高冲击力,进而驱动熔融的喷涂材料溅射到孔类零件内壁上,完成喷涂。In the present invention, a strong laser with a power density in the range of 10 5 -10 6 W/cm 2 and a pulse width of ms is used to melt spray materials first, and then a power density higher than 10 8 W/cm 2 and a pulse width of ns is used. The high-level strong laser pulse beam is directly irradiated on the molten spraying material, and part of the molten material absorbs the laser energy to generate high-pressure plasma, which instantly exerts a downward ultra-high impact force on the molten material, and then drives the molten spraying material Sputter onto the inner wall of hole parts to complete the spraying.
本发明主要具有以下技术优势:The present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1)本装置充分利用了不同参数的强激光对材料的不同作用效果;使用双脉冲激光发生器先后发出时间间隔极短的两个激光脉冲束先加热熔融喷涂材料后使喷涂材料溅射,进而完成喷涂,缩短了熔融与喷涂两个步骤的间隔时间。(1) This device makes full use of the different effects of strong lasers with different parameters on materials; a double-pulse laser generator is used to send out two laser pulse beams with a very short time interval, first heating the molten spraying material and then sputtering the spraying material, Further, the spraying is completed, and the interval time between the two steps of melting and spraying is shortened.
(2)零件在喷涂过程中处于被加热的喷涂室内,防止了在冷却过程中零件内壁喷涂涂层因较大的内应力产生裂纹,涂层质量好。(2) The parts are in the heated spraying room during the spraying process, which prevents cracks in the sprayed coating on the inner wall of the part due to large internal stress during the cooling process, and the coating quality is good.
(3)本装置采用计算机控制升降平台移动,可精确的控制喷涂材料棒的上下移动和孔类零件的上下移动,从而可以方便的进行同一位置的多次喷涂和不同位置的喷涂,操作方便。(3) The device uses a computer to control the movement of the lifting platform, which can accurately control the up and down movement of the spraying material rod and the up and down movement of the hole parts, so that multiple spraying at the same position and spraying at different positions can be easily performed, and the operation is convenient.
(4)材料熔融液经过雾化后变成更为细小的微粒,高速撞向基体或已沉积的涂层表面,发生局部变形(压缩应变),使得粒子撞击后基体或已沉积的涂层变形充分,进而使得涂层的致密度和涂层与基体的结合强度变大,孔隙率降低,内聚强度变大,涂层质量变好,并且使得喷涂涂层产生有益的残余压应力。(4) The material melt becomes finer particles after being atomized, and hits the substrate or the deposited coating surface at high speed, causing local deformation (compressive strain), which makes the substrate or the deposited coating deformed after the particle hits Sufficiently, the density of the coating and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate will be increased, the porosity will be reduced, the cohesive strength will be increased, the coating quality will be better, and the sprayed coating will produce beneficial residual compressive stress.
(5)激光可以烧蚀任何材料,以此产生高压等离子体,因此适用范围广,可以根据喷涂涂层的需要,选择不同性能的喷涂材料,以制备各种功能的涂层。(5) The laser can ablate any material to generate high-pressure plasma, so it has a wide range of applications. According to the needs of spray coatings, spray materials with different properties can be selected to prepare coatings with various functions.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1为本发明一种基于双脉冲强激光技术的孔类零件内壁喷涂装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a kind of structure schematic diagram of the inner wall spraying device of hole class parts based on double-pulse intense laser technology of the present invention;
图2为图1中A-A剖面结构示意图;Fig. 2 is A-A sectional structure schematic diagram among Fig. 1;
图3为图1中I处的局部放大图。Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of I in Fig. 1 .
图中:1:双脉冲激光发生器;2:导光管;3:强激光脉冲束;4:全反镜;5:冲击头;6:压盖;7:空气加热器;8:进气管;9:进气开关;10:喷涂室;11:隔热涂层;12:电热管;13:第一密封圈;14:第二密封圈;15:第二夹具;16:第二升降台;17:第三密封圈;18:第一升降台;19:第一夹具;20:单向阀;21:排气管;22:喷涂材料棒;23:孔类零件;24:喷涂涂层;25:活动窗口;26:软质垫圈;27:透明玻璃;28:窗口清理装置;29:控制器;30:计算机。In the figure: 1: double pulse laser generator; 2: light guide tube; 3: strong laser pulse beam; 4: full mirror; 5: impact head; 6: gland; 7: air heater; 8: air intake pipe ;9: Air intake switch; 10: Spraying room; 11: Heat insulation coating; 12: Electric heating tube; 13: First sealing ring; 14: Second sealing ring; 15: Second fixture; 16: Second lifting platform ;17: The third sealing ring; 18: The first lifting table; 19: The first fixture; 20: Check valve; 21: Exhaust pipe; 22: Spraying material rod; 23: Hole parts; 24: Spraying coating ; 25: movable window; 26: soft gasket; 27: transparent glass; 28: window cleaning device; 29: controller; 30: computer.
具体实施方式:Detailed ways:
本发明装置包括夹具系统、加热保护系统、双脉冲激光发生器1、导光系统以及控制系统。所述夹具系统包括孔类零件23、喷涂材料棒22、第二密封圈14、第三密封圈17、软质垫圈26、压盖6、第一升降台18、第二升降台16、第一夹具19和第二夹具15,所述压盖6和软质垫圈26位于喷涂室10的上部,所述夹具系统中的其余部件位于喷涂室10的下部;所述第二密封圈14安装于所述喷涂室10底部所开的环形槽上,所述孔类零件23穿过所述第二密封圈14内圈并与第二密封圈14形成配合,所述第二密封圈14用于防止在喷涂过程中喷涂室10内部被加热的空气的泄露,所述孔类零件23放置于所述第二夹具15上,所述第二夹具15固定于第二升降台16上,所述第二夹具15夹紧所述孔类零件23,从而使所述孔类零件23与所述第二升降台16保持同步向上运动;所述第三密封圈17安装于第二升降台16中部所开的环形槽上,所述喷涂材料棒22穿过所述第三密封圈17内圈并与第三密封圈17形成配合,所述第三密封圈17用于防止在喷涂过程中喷涂室10内部被加热的空气的泄露,所述喷涂材料棒22放置于所述第一夹具19上,所述第一夹具19固定于所述第一升降台18上,所述第一夹具19夹紧所述喷涂材料棒22,从而使所述喷涂材料棒22与所述第一升降台18保持同步运动;所述软质垫圈26放置于喷涂室10正上方侧壁台阶上,用于起到密封和保护透明玻璃27的作用;所述透明玻璃27放置于所述软质垫圈26上,所述压盖6通过螺纹与喷涂室10上方侧壁形成配合,所述压盖6用于压紧透明玻璃27。The device of the present invention includes a fixture system, a heating protection system, a double pulse laser generator 1, a light guide system and a control system. Described fixture system comprises hole class part 23, spraying
所述加热保护系统包括喷涂室10、隔热涂层11、活动窗口25、进气开关9、进气管8、第一密封圈13、电热管12、空气加热器7、单向阀20和排气管21,所述活动窗口25位于喷涂室10的左侧,所述加热保护系统中的单向阀20和排气管21位于喷涂室10的左下侧,所述进气开关9、进气管8和空气加热器7位于喷涂室10的右上侧,所述加热保护系统中的其余部件位于喷涂室的右下侧;所述空气加热器7安装在进气口处,所述进气管8安装在所述空气加热器7上,所述进气开关9安装在所述进气管8上,所述空气加热器7用于对通入的保护气进行加热,所述隔热涂层11涂在喷涂室10内壁上,所述隔热涂层11所用的材料是隔热传导型隔热材料,所述隔热涂层11用于防止被加热保护气的热量传导到外界,所述第一密封圈13安装于所述电热管12尾部和喷涂室10侧壁的交界处所开的环形槽上,用于防止在喷涂过程中喷涂室10内部被加热的空气的泄露,所述电热管12尾部穿过第一密封圈13,所述电热管12尾部与所述第一密封圈13形成配合,所述电热管12用于对保护气进行加热,以此来保持保护气在喷涂过程中温度的恒定;所述单向阀20安装在排气口处,用于使得在喷涂过程中的加热空气的排出,以此维持喷涂室10内部压强的稳定,且使得外部的空气不会进入到喷涂室10内部,所述排气管21安装在所述单向阀20上。The heating protection system includes a
所述导光系统包括导光管2、全反镜4、冲击头5、透明玻璃27和窗口清理装置28,所述导光系统位于喷涂室10的上方;所述导光管2的一端连接所述双脉冲激光发生器1,所述导光管2的另一端连接所述的冲击头5,所述双脉冲激光发生器1发出的所述强激光脉冲束3经过所述全反镜4的全反射透过所述透明玻璃27竖直直接辐照在所述喷涂材料棒22的上端面,所述窗口清理装置28安装在所述透明玻璃27上,用于清理附着在所述透明玻璃27上的物体,以此保证光路的畅通;当所述窗口清理装置28不清理所述透明玻璃27附着的物体时,停在所述透明玻璃27左端,使其不会影响光路的畅通;Described light guiding system comprises light guiding system 2, total reflection mirror 4, impact head 5,
所述控制系统包括计算机30和控制器29,所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,所述控制器29通过数据线分别与所述双脉冲激光发生器1、所述进气开关9、所述空气加热器7、所述电热管12、所述第一升降台18、所述第二升降台16和窗口清理装置28相连。用于控制所述双脉冲激光发生器1、所述进气开关9、所述空气加热器7、所述电热管12、所述窗口清理装置28、所述第一升降台18和所述第二升降台16,具体为控制所述强激光脉冲束3的功率密度和脉宽等相关参数,在同一位置的喷涂次数以及不同位置的喷涂,控制所述第一升降台18的升降和所述第二升降台16的升降,控制所述进气开关9阀门的开闭,使得喷涂室10内部在喷涂过程中始终充满保护气,控制空气加热器7的开闭,使得保护气在通入喷涂室10之前被加热,控制电热管12的得电,使得所述电热管12对保护气进行加热,以此来保证在喷涂过程中保护气温度的恒定。Described control system comprises
下面结合附图,说明具体的喷涂步骤:Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific spraying steps are described:
(1)上述装置安装好后,计算机30向控制器29发送信号,使所述控制器29控制进气开关9阀门和空气加热器7开关的同时打开,使得保护气在流经空气加热器7时被加热,再通向喷涂室10内部并充满整个喷涂室10内部。(1) After the above-mentioned device is installed, the
(2)所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使得所述控制器29控制所述电热管12的通电,使得电热管12对保护气进行加热,以此来保证在喷涂过程中所述喷涂室10内部保护气温度的恒定,以此来保证喷涂涂层在冷却过程中不会因为较大的内应力而产生裂纹。(2) The
(3)所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使得所述控制器29控制双脉冲激光发生器1先发出一个脉宽为ms量级、功率密度在105-106W/cm2范围内的强激光脉冲束3,使其竖直直接辐照在所述喷涂材料棒22的上端面,所述喷涂材料棒22上端面部分喷涂材料吸收激光能量发生熔融,并形成熔池;再发出一个功率密度高于108W/cm2、脉宽为ns量级的所述强激光脉冲束3,使其竖直直接辐照在熔池内的熔融材料表面上,部分熔融材料吸收激光能量产生的高压等离子体瞬间对熔融材料施加一向下的冲击力,使熔融材料发生溅射,溅射的熔滴在孔类零件内部雾化成更为细小的微粒,并以很高的速度撞向所述孔类零件23内壁,进而形成喷涂涂层24,完成第一次喷涂。(3) The
(4)用所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使所述控制器29控制窗口清理装置28清理透明玻璃27上附着的物体,以此保证光路的畅通;当所述窗口清理装置28不清理所述透明玻璃27上附着的物体时,停在所述透明玻璃27左端,使其不会影响光路的畅通。(4) send signal to described
(5)当第一次冲击喷涂的所述喷涂涂层24厚度未达到要求,需要在同一位置进行多次喷涂时;重复步骤3、4一次,至此完成所述孔类零件23内壁的第二次喷涂;重复步骤3、4多次,直至该位置的涂层厚度满足要求。(5) When the thickness of the sprayed
(6)需要在不同位置进行喷涂时,通过所述计算机30向所述控制器29发送信号,使所述控制器29控制所述第二升降台16和其上的所述孔类零件23同步向上移动;之后,重复上述步骤(3)、步骤(4)多次,至此完成新位置的喷涂,直至所述孔类零件23内壁喷涂涂层24都达到要求为止;之后,关闭所述空气加热器7和电热管12的开关,孔类零件23在被加热的喷涂室10内进行缓慢冷却,待得所述喷涂涂层24冷却至室温,停止通入保护气,松开第二夹具15,打开活动窗口25,取出所述孔类零件23,完成后再进行下一个零件的喷涂。(6) When it is necessary to spray at different positions, send a signal to the
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