CN110870473B - Method for selecting and retaining yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for selecting and retaining yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity, and relates to the technical field of poultry breeding. The method comprises the steps of measuring the weight of a chicken flock, estimating the individual breeding value of the chicken flock, establishing an individual uniformity selection index, selecting a reserved individual and the like. The method is characterized in that a breeding value is estimated based on the weight of yellow-feathered broilers, an individual selection index model is formulated, and then an individual selection index is calculated and obtained for determining the selection and the retention of breeding individuals. The weight growth amplitude can be regulated and controlled through the weight regulation and control parameters so as to adapt to market demand change. The method is suitable for the uniform breeding and seed reserving requirements of yellow-feathered broilers, and can improve the uniformity of chicken flocks on the basis of controlling the growth speed to increase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to a selecting and remaining method of yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity.
Background
In the white feather broiler breeding, the growth speed is one of the core breeding targets, yellow feather broilers are different from white feather broilers, and the yellow feather broilers do not pursue the rapid increase of the growth speed; conversely, an excessively fast growth rate will seriously affect the economic value of yellow-feathered broilers for two reasons: firstly, if yellow-feathered broilers come into the market according to the conventional market-selling age, the excessive growth speed can cause the weight of individual broilers to be too large, and the individual weight of the yellow-feathered broilers does not meet the requirement of the current consumption market on the weight of the yellow-feathered broilers in the market, so that the economic value of the broilers is certainly greatly reduced; secondly, if the yellow-feathered broilers are listed according to the weight accepted by the market, the yellow-feathered broilers are not available in the market due to the fact that the growth speed is high, the flavor substances in the muscle tissues of the yellow-feathered broilers are not sufficiently deposited in the day-old broilers, the taste of the chicken is further reduced, and the economic value of the broilers is also influenced seriously. Therefore, the breeding method of white feather broilers cannot be carried out when yellow feather broilers are bred.
At present, the method commonly adopted by livestock breeding is to further formulate an individual selection index on the basis of the estimation of a target character breeding value; and the character estimation breeding value is estimated by establishing a mixed linear model, constructing a genetic relationship matrix between individuals by utilizing information such as genealogy or genome markers and the like and adopting an optimal linear unbiased estimation method (BLUP) on the basis of integrating weight information. At present, no relevant report for establishing uniformity selection index in yellow-feathered broiler breeding is seen at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for selecting and retaining yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity. The invention obtains the weight estimated breeding value by the BLUP method, and then formulates the individual selection index by the weight control parameter so as to achieve the purposes of improving the uniformity of yellow-feathered broiler groups and controlling the growth speed. The invention provides a necessary method for breeding yellow-feathered broilers with uniformity, and the method can be popularized and applied to breeding yellow-feathered broilers with uniformity in body weight.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for selecting and retaining yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the group weight of the chickens: measuring the weight of the chicken to be evaluated in the market day age;
(2) estimating individual breeding value of chicken flocks: establishing a genetic relationship matrix among individuals based on chicken flock genealogy or genome marker information, determining a fixed effect, establishing a linear model, and estimating a weight individual breeding value by using methods such as an optimal linear unbiased estimation method (BLUP);
(3) establishing a uniformity individual selection index: calculating an individual selection index by the following model based on the weight individual breeding value estimated in the step (2),
where κ represents an individual selection index, β represents an estimated breeding value for a weighted individual,
representing the mean value of the estimated breeding value of the individual with the group weight, wherein alpha is a weight regulation parameter;
(4) selecting seed-reserving individuals: and respectively sequencing the individual selection indexes according to the gender, determining the selection number according to the seed reserving rate, and determining the seed individual selection from large to small.
The fixed effect in step (2) is sex, batch, cage, etc.
In the step (2), a genetic relationship matrix among individuals is constructed on the basis of genome marker information, weight data are integrated according to the following models, and a weight individual breeding value is estimated by using an optimal linear unbiased estimation method (BLUP):
y＝Xb+Zu+e，
wherein y represents body weight, b represents a fixed effect vector, X is a correlation matrix of b, u represents an additive genetic effect vector based on genomic marker information, and Z is a correlation matrix of u; suppose u obeys the following normal distribution:
wherein G is an inter-individual genetic relationship matrix constructed by using genome marker information,
is the genomic genetic variance, e is the residual effect vector, obeying a normal distribution:
wherein I is a matrix of units and I is a matrix of units,
is the residual variance.
In the step (2), establishing a genetic relationship matrix among individuals based on the chicken flock pedigree, integrating weight data according to the following model, and estimating the breeding value of the weight individual by using an optimal linear unbiased estimation method (BLUP):
y＝Xb+Wa+e
wherein y represents body weight, b represents a fixed effect vector, X is a correlation matrix of b, a represents an additive genetic effect vector based on chicken flock pedigree, and W is a correlation matrix of a; suppose a follows the following normal distribution: a &
Wherein A is a genetic relationship matrix between individuals constructed by utilizing pedigree information,
is the additive genetic variance, e is the residual effect vector, obeying a normal distribution:
wherein I is a matrix of units and I is a matrix of units,
is the residual variance.
In the step (3), a group weight uniformity degree selection index is formulated by using the weight individual breeding value estimated in the step (2).
The alpha value in the step (3) can be changed according to market demands, the value range is-15-30%, the individual body weight can be slightly increased according to the current market demands, and the alpha value is preferably 5%.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
the method provided by the invention is based on the weight estimated breeding value, the yellow-feathered broiler uniformity selection index is formulated, the group uniformity is improved, and meanwhile, the rapid weight increase is controlled by setting the weight regulation and control parameter, so that the defect that the growth speed is greatly improved when the white-feathered broiler breeding method is used for breeding yellow-feathered broilers, and further the yellow-feathered broilers are improved in uniformity is overcome.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the method is suitable for the uniform breeding and seed reserving requirements of yellow-feathered broilers, and can improve the uniformity of chicken flocks on the basis of controlling the growth speed to increase.
(2) The method is characterized in that a breeding value is estimated based on the weight of yellow-feathered broilers, an individual selection index model is formulated, and then an individual selection index is calculated and obtained for determining the selection and the retention of breeding individuals. The weight growth amplitude can be regulated and controlled through the weight regulation and control parameters so as to adapt to market demand change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the yellow-feathered broiler weight uniformity breeding method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention discloses a weight uniformity breeding method of yellow-feathered broilers, which is shown in a flow chart in figure 1.
The High Quality broiler A Line (HQLA) and Huiyang bearded chicken (Huiyang Beard chicken, HB) used in the examples are disclosed in the literature "Genetic separation of growth traits in a Chinese index x commercial chicken heart cross. BMC Genomics 2013,14(1): 151".
Example 1 method for breeding yellow-feathered broiler AH population with uniformity
The yellow-feather broiler AH group takes high-quality broiler A line and Huiyang beard chickens as parents and adopts distant hybridization F2And (5) designing and constructing. In this example, a total of 582 gene markers were used to type individuals, where F0Generation 20, F1Generation 51 only, F2And 511 is only used instead. F2Generations were from 8 half-sib families, all with a 91 day old weight record. Genotyping was performed using a chicken 60K SNP chip in Canada. The following criteria were used for quality control: markers with Call rate less than 95%, Gentrain score less than 0.6 and MAF less than 0.01 were deleted in sequence. After quality control, 46672 SNP markers were retained. Push buttonThe method is implemented by the following process:
(1) the data of the weight files of 10 yellow-feathered broilers are sorted, and the sorting format is shown in table 1.
Table 1 weight file data format
| Individual number | Sex | Batch number | Body weight (gram) |
| 30094044 | M | 42 | 2380 |
| 30094045 | M | 42 | 2629.5 |
| 30094046 | F | 42 | 1824.5 |
| 30094047 | M | 42 | 2396.5 |
| 30094048 | F | 42 | 1812 |
| 30094049 | M | 42 | 2377.5 |
| 30094050 | F | 42 | 2027.5 |
| 30094051 | M | 42 | 2168.5 |
| 30094052 | F | 42 | 1326 |
| 30094053 | F | 42 | 2096.5 |
Note: m represents a cock and F represents a hen.
(2) Using Gmantrix software (http:// www.dmu.agrsci.dk/Gmantrix /), genetic relationship matrices between individuals were constructed using genomic marker information, and individual breeding values were estimated using the best Linear unbiased estimation method (BLUP) by integrating body weight data according to the following model.
y＝Xb+Zu+e，
Wherein y represents body weight and b represents a fixed effect vectorIn this example, gender and lot, X is the correlation matrix for b, u represents the additive genetic effect vector, and Z is the correlation matrix for u. Suppose u obeys the following normal distribution:
wherein G is an inter-individual genetic relationship matrix constructed by using genome marker information,
is the genomic genetic variance, e is the residual effect vector, obeying a normal distribution:
wherein I is a matrix of units and I is a matrix of units,
is the residual variance. Table 2 shows the weight estimated breeding values for 10 chickens.
TABLE 2 estimated weight of yellow-feathered broilers for breeding
| Individual number | Weight estimation of breeding value |
| 30094044 | 80.3142 |
| 30094045 | 224.092 |
| 30094046 | 22.8153 |
| 30094047 | 97.3512 |
| 30094048 | -68.4817 |
| 30094049 | 131.724 |
| 30094050 | 236.925 |
| 30094051 | -2.55466 |
| 30094052 | -132.849 |
| 30094053 | 236.252 |
(3) The breeding value was estimated for the weight individual and an individual selection index was calculated by the following model.
Where κ represents an individual selection index, β represents an estimated breeding value for a weighted individual,
mean value of estimated breeding values of individuals representing the weight of the population, F2The mean value of the breeding values of the generations was 0.616, α was a weight control parameter, and the value in this example was 5%, as shown in table 3 for individual selection index of 10 chickens.
TABLE 3 yellow-feathered broiler uniformity individual selection index
| Individual number | Sex | Individual estimated breeding value | Individual selection index | Sorting | Whether to choose and leave |
| 30094044 | M | 80.314 | 0.0126 | 96 | Whether or not |
| 30094045 | M | 224.092 | 0.0045 | 212 | Whether or not |
| 30094046 | F | 22.815 | 0.0451 | 30 | Is that |
| 30094047 | M | 97.351 | 0.0103 | 113 | Whether or not |
| 30094048 | F | -68.482 | 0.0145 | 82 | Whether or not |
| 30094049 | M | 131.724 | 0.0076 | 148 | Whether or not |
| 30094050 | F | 236.925 | 0.0042 | 213 | Whether or not |
| 30094051 | M | -2.555 | 0.3123 | 4 | Is that |
| 30094052 | F | -132.849 | 0.0075 | 147 | Whether or not |
| 30094053 | F | 236.252 | 0.0042 | 212 | Whether or not |
Note: m represents a cock and F represents a hen.
(4) Selecting yellow-feathered broiler individual: and respectively sequencing the selection indexes of the individuals according to the gender, determining the selection number according to the seed reserving rate, and determining the selection of the individuals from large to small. Taking the selection of 10 cocks and 40 hens as an example, among the 10 cocks shown in table 3, a cock with the individual number of 30094051 was selected and retained with the index ranking of 4; selecting a hen with the individual number of 30094046 and selecting and reserving the hen with the index ranking of 30; the other 8 individuals, which did not meet the selection criteria, were discarded. Under the condition of 5 percent of weight control parameters, the weight average value of the group selected and reserved by the cocks is well controlled, only a small increase is realized, the increase is from 2313.0 g to 2349.4 g, the coefficient of variation is reduced from 0.1449 to 0.0369, and the uniformity is obviously improved. Similar results are obtained when the group of hens is selected and reserved, the uniformity is obviously improved while the weight is controlled, and specific values are shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 uniformity of yellow-feathered broiler choosen population
| Sex | Mean value of choosing and remaining | Coefficient of variation | Population mean | Coefficient of population variation |
| Cock | 2349.4 | 0.0369 | 2313.0 | 0.1449 |
| Hen's chicken | 1870.7 | 0.0652 | 1856.3 | 0.1285 |
Example 2 simulated broiler chicken data uniformity breeding method
To illustrate the effect of the long-term selection of the method of the present invention, an example was performed using simulated broiler data.
Simulation data was generated by simulation with QMSim software (http:// www.aps.uoguelph.ca/. about.msargol/QMSim /), and gradually propagated from 400 chickens (200 cocks +200 hens) to 3000 chickens (1500 cocks +1500 hens) through 1000 generations of simulation history group (historical population). Current population (current population)10 generations, each generation population being 30000 chickens, each generation selecting 1650 breeding hens (150 cocks +1500 hens) with 1: 10 were mated randomly, and each hen was hatched to yield 20 healthy chicks. The data used for the analysis were the current group of 10 generations of data.
Assuming a target body weight heritability of 0.4, all are explained by Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). The chicken genome does not take the minute chromosomes of chicken into consideration, the number of the chromosomes of the genome is assumed to be 29 pairs, each chromosome is 1 molar root (Morgen), 3000 gene markers and 100 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) are uniformly distributed on each chromosome.
The specific data information provided by the simulation data is as follows: a pedigree file, a gene marker file and a weight file, wherein the weight file contains the true breeding value for each individual.
The simulation experiment is repeated for 30 times, each repetition comprises 10 generations of the current group, 2 generations of the current group and 10 chicken data are selected as an example, and the method is implemented according to the following process:
(1) the data of the weight file of the yellow-feathered broilers are sorted, and the sorting format is shown in table 5.
Table 5 broiler weight file data format
| Individual number | Sex | Body weight (gram) |
| 34866 | M | 2037.3 |
| 38077 | F | 2090.2 |
| 41181 | F | 2089.4 |
| 45758 | M | 2071.4 |
| 47839 | F | 2065.8 |
| 49180 | F | 2033.8 |
| 52198 | M | 2127.2 |
| 52305 | M | 2066.5 |
| 52708 | F | 2128.8 |
| 53278 | M | 2026.4 |
Note: m represents a cock and F represents a hen.
(2) Using DMU software (http:// www.dmu.agrsci.dk/DMU /), family information is utilized to construct a genetic relationship matrix between individuals, weight data is integrated according to the following model, and an optimal linear unbiased estimation method (BLUP) is utilized to estimate individual breeding values. The present embodiment is simulation data, which is not affected by the fixed effect, and the model is expressed as follows:
y＝Wa+e
where y represents body weight, a represents the additive genetic effect vector, and W is the correlation matrix for a. Suppose a follows the following normal distribution:
wherein A is a genetic relationship matrix between individuals constructed by utilizing pedigree information,
is the additive genetic variance, e is the residual effect vector, obeying a normal distribution:
wherein I is a matrix of units and I is a matrix of units,
is the residual variance. Table 6 shows the weight estimated breeding values for 10 chickens.
TABLE 6 broiler weight Individual estimated Breeding value
| Individual number | Sex | Estimating a breeding value |
| 34866 | M | 0.248 |
| 38077 | F | 0.257 |
| 41181 | F | 0.258 |
| 45758 | M | 0.189 |
| 47839 | F | 0.276 |
| 49180 | F | 0.240 |
| 52198 | M | 0.329 |
| 52305 | M | 0.202 |
| 52708 | F | 0.275 |
| 53278 | M | 0.186 |
Note: m represents a cock and F represents a hen.
(3) The breeding value was estimated for the weight individual and an individual selection index was calculated by the following model.
Where κ represents the individual selection index and β represents the individual estimate of body weightThe value of the seed to be bred is calculated,
the mean value of the estimated breeding value of the individual with the representative group weight, alpha is a weight control parameter, the value in the embodiment is 5%, and the individual selection index of 10 chickens is shown in table 7.
Table 7 broiler uniformity individual selection index
| Individual number | Sex | Individual estimated breeding value | Individual selection index | Sorting | Whether to choose and leave |
| 34866 | M | 0.248 | 100.7 | 411 | Is that |
| 38077 | F | 0.257 | 1763.6 | 30 | Is that |
| 41181 | F | 0.258 | 45499.4 | 3 | Is that |
| 45758 | M | 0.189 | 14.4 | 2783 | Whether or not |
| 47839 | F | 0.276 | 56.5 | 682 | Whether or not |
| 49180 | F | 0.240 | 55.3 | 697 | Whether or not |
| 52198 | M | 0.329 | 14.2 | 2822 | Whether or not |
| 52305 | M | 0.202 | 17.8 | 2256 | Whether or not |
| 52708 | F | 0.275 | 59.3 | 660 | Whether or not |
| 53278 | M | 0.186 | 13.8 | 2879 | Whether or not |
Note: m represents a cock and F represents a hen.
(4) Selecting yellow-feathered broiler individual: and respectively sequencing the selection indexes of the individuals according to the gender, determining the selection number according to the seed reserving rate, and determining the selection of the individuals from large to small. Under the condition of 5 percent of weight control parameters, the weight average value of the group selected and reserved by the cocks is well controlled, only a small increase is realized after 10 generations, the increase is from 2062.2 g to 2091.0 g, the coefficient of variation is reduced from 0.0947 to 0.0895, and the uniformity is improved, and specific numerical values are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 weight means and coefficient of variation of broiler groups
| Time | Group weight | Coefficient of variation |
| Before selection | 2062.2 | 0.0947 |
| After selection | 2091.0 | 0.0895 |
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Therefore, it is intended that all such modifications and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention be considered as within the scope and spirit of the invention.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for selecting and retaining yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the group weight of the chickens: measuring the weight of the chicken to be evaluated in the market day age;
(2) estimating individual breeding value of chicken flocks: establishing a genetic relationship matrix among individuals on the basis of chicken flock pedigree or genome marker information, determining a fixed effect, establishing a linear model, and estimating a weight individual breeding value;
the fixed effects are gender, batch and cage;
(3) establishing a uniformity individual selection index: calculating an individual selection index by the following model based on the weight individual breeding value estimated in the step (2),
where κ represents an individual selection index, β represents an estimated breeding value for a weighted individual,
representing the mean value of the estimated breeding value of the individual with the group weight, wherein alpha is a weight regulation parameter; the alpha value is changed according to market demands;
(4) selecting seed-reserving individuals: and respectively sequencing the individual selection indexes according to the gender, determining the selection number according to the seed reserving rate, and determining the seed individual selection from large to small.
2. The selecting and remaining method of the yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step (2), the optimal linear unbiased estimation method is used for estimating the breeding value of the weight individual.
3. The selecting and remaining method of the yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step (2), establishing a genetic relationship matrix among individuals on the basis of genome marker information, integrating weight data according to the following models, and estimating the weight individual breeding value:
y＝Xb+Zu+e，
wherein y represents body weight, b represents a fixed effect vector, X is a correlation matrix of b, u represents an additive genetic effect vector based on genomic marker information, and Z is a correlation matrix of u; suppose u obeys the following normal distribution:
wherein G is an inter-individual genetic relationship matrix constructed by using genome marker information,
is the genomic genetic variance, e is the residual effect vector, obeying a normal distribution:
wherein I is a matrix of units and I is a matrix of units,
is the residual variance.
4. The selecting and remaining method of the yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step (2), establishing a genetic relationship matrix among individuals based on the chicken flock pedigree, integrating weight data according to the following models, and estimating the weight individual breeding value:
y＝Xb+Wa+e
wherein y represents body weight, b represents a fixed effect vector, X is a correlation matrix of b, a represents an additive genetic effect vector based on chicken flock pedigree, and W is a correlation matrix of a; suppose a follows the following normal distribution: a &
Wherein A is a genetic relationship matrix between individuals constructed by utilizing pedigree information,
is the additive genetic variance, e is the residual effect vector, obeying a normal distribution:
wherein I is a matrix of units and I is a matrix of units,
is the residual variance.
5. The selecting and remaining method of the yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the alpha value is-15-30%.
6. The selecting and remaining method of the yellow-feathered broilers with high uniformity as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that:
the alpha value is 5%.
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