CN110865271A - Lightning trip-out rate test method considering line soil resistivity differentiation - Google Patents
Lightning trip-out rate test method considering line soil resistivity differentiation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a lightning trip-out rate test method considering line soil resistivity differentiation, which is characterized in that a test platform is set up, and the test platform comprises an impulse voltage generator, a data measurement analysis control module, a wireless current sensor, a first coaxial cable, a second coaxial cable, a third coaxial cable, a first base tower, a second base tower, a third base tower, a lightning conductor, an A-phase line, a B-phase line and a C-phase line. The test method comprises the following steps: and one end of the coaxial cable is connected with the impulse voltage generator and the two-way contact, the other end of the two-way contact is respectively connected with the C-phase line and the top of the tower, the wireless current sensor is wound on a connecting line of the generator, the measured data is fed back to the data measurement analysis control module by the wireless current sensor, and the lightning trip-out rate is calculated. The lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line under different soil resistivity conditions can be effectively calculated, so that the lightning safety evaluation of the power transmission line and a tower structure is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lightning resistance performance analysis of a power system, and particularly relates to a lightning trip-out rate test method considering circuit soil resistivity differentiation.
Background
Lightning stroke transmission line faults are main problems influencing safe transportation of a power system, tripping accidents of a transmission and distribution network caused by lightning strokes frequently occur, the lightning stroke tripping accidents become more and more non-negligible along with the increasing complexity of a transmission line topological structure, and the lightning stroke tripping accidents of the transmission line account for more than 60 percent of the transmission line accidents according to statistics. For the influence of different soil resistivity on the lightning withstand level of the whole system, the research work of the lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is difficult to carry out, and at present, the problem of solving the shielding failure trip-out fault of the power transmission line is still a world-level problem.
In order to determine which aspect should be used for transforming the transmission line and the tower, reduce the trip rate of the line and improve the safety and stability of the power system, an experimental method for the trip rate caused by lightning stroke is urgently needed, so that the factors influencing the trip rate of the line are obtained, and the safety design of the tower and the transmission line is further optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the resistivity of the soil of a line, which comprises a relatively accurate lightning trip-out rate test platform considering the difference of the resistivity of the soil of the line.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a lightning trip-out rate test platform considering line soil resistivity differentiation comprises an impulse voltage generator, a data measurement analysis control module, a wireless current sensor, a first coaxial cable, a second coaxial cable, a third coaxial cable, a bidirectional contact, a first base tower, a second base tower, a third base tower, a lightning conductor, an A-phase line, a B-phase line and a C-phase line;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator is connected to the bidirectional contact through a coaxial cable I, the output end of the bidirectional contact is respectively connected with a coaxial cable II and a coaxial cable III, the coaxial cable II is connected to the tower top of the first base tower, the coaxial cable III is connected to the C-phase line of the first base tower, and the wireless current sensor is sleeved on the coaxial cable I;
the first lightning conductor and the second lightning conductor are respectively connected with the first base tower, the second base tower and the third base tower in series.
Further, the first base tower comprises a first tower main body, a first A-phase insulator string, a first B-phase insulator string, a first C-phase insulator string, a first grounding down lead, a first grounding device and a sand pool; two ends of the A-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the first tower main body and the A-phase line, two ends of the B-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the first tower main body and the B-phase line, and two ends of the C-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the first tower main body and the C-phase line; the bottom of the tower main body is connected to the first grounding device through the first grounding downlead, the first grounding device is buried in the sand pool, and soil with variable soil resistivity is filled in the sand pool.
Further, the second base tower comprises a second tower main body, a second A-phase insulator string, a second B-phase insulator string, a second C-phase insulator string, a second grounding down lead and a second grounding device; two ends of the A-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the second tower main body and the A-phase line, two ends of the B-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the second tower main body and the B-phase line, and two ends of the C-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the second tower main body and the C-phase line; the bottom of the second tower main body is connected to a second grounding device through a second grounding down lead, and the second grounding device is buried in soil.
Further, the third base tower comprises a third tower main body, a third A-phase insulator string, a third B-phase insulator string, a third C-phase insulator string, a third grounding down lead and a third grounding device; the two ends of the A-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the third tower main body and the line A, the two ends of the B-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the third tower main body and the line B, and the two ends of the C-phase insulator string are respectively connected with the third tower main body and the line C; the bottom of the tower main body III is connected to a grounding device III through a grounding down lead III, and the grounding device III is buried in soil.
Furthermore, the data measurement analysis control module comprises a first high-voltage differential probe, a second high-voltage differential probe, a third high-voltage differential probe, a data acquisition unit, a wireless receiving module, an upper computer and a signal controller; the high-voltage differential probe I, the high-voltage differential probe II and the high-voltage differential probe III are respectively connected to two ends of the A-phase insulator string I, the B-phase insulator string I and the C-phase insulator string I and are connected to an upper computer through a data acquisition unit; the wireless receiving module transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor to an upper computer; the upper computer changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator through the control signal controller.
A lightning trip-out rate test method considering line soil resistivity differentiation comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating lightning strike on the tower top of the transmission line tower, and carrying out counterattack lightning-resistant horizontal test;
s2: for the high soil resistivity area, changing the soil resistivity of the soil in the sand pool, starting from 550 Ω · m, taking one soil resistivity at intervals of 50 Ω · m, and repeating the step S1 to obtain the counterattack lightning resistance levels under different soil resistivities;
s3: calculating the theoretical value I of the counterattack lightning resistance level under different soil resistivities according to the following formula:
wherein L is the total length of the conductor of the grounding device, h is the buried depth of the grounding device, d is the diameter of the conductor of the grounding device, B is the form factor, L is the geometric dimension, and L is the total length of the conductor of the grounding devicegtIs the equivalent inductance of the tower, hdIs the average height, U, of the power conductors50％The flashover voltage of an insulator string is represented by α, K is a coupling coefficient after corona correction, m is an error coefficient, and η is an integral variable;
s4: performing optimization modeling on a counterattack lightning-resistant level theoretical calculation formula by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and calculating an m value which enables an error between an actual measured value and a theoretical value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level to be minimum;
s5: repeating the step S4 to finally obtain the optimal values of the error coefficients m in the high soil resistivity area, the higher soil resistivity area and the ultra-high soil resistivity area, wherein the optimal values are m0、m1、m2Substituting the following formulas (2), (3) and (4) to obtain an optimized theoretical formula:
in the formula IyThe optimized theoretical calculation value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level is obtained;
s6: the obtained counterattack lightning resistance level IySubstituting the following formula, thereby obtaining the counterattack trip rate:
in the formula IyThe theoretical calculation value of the optimized counterattack lightning-resistant level is that G is the striking rod rate and h isarcFor the lightning conductor sag, HbIs the ground clearance L of the junction of the lightning conductor and the towerxjFor insulator chain flashover distance, U1The rated voltage of the line is adopted, and M is the number of lightning days of the year;
s7: simulating a lightning stroke C-phase line, and carrying out a lightning strike-around lightning-resistant level test;
s8: aiming at different wire radiuses, the wire radius of the power transmission line is changed, one wire radius is taken from 8mm at intervals of 0.5mm, S7 is repeated, the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under the power transmission wire radius is measured, and the theoretical value I of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under different power transmission line widths is obtained1：
Z0Is the wave impedance of the lightning path hbIs the side phase conductor height, r is the conductor radius, ljIs the length of the insulator string, mu0Is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, epsilon0Is the dielectric constant of the vacuum, and m is the error coefficient;
s9: performing optimization modeling on the shielding failure lightning-resistant level theoretical calculation formula by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and calculating m which minimizes the error between the shielding failure lightning-resistant level measured value and the theoretical value3A value;
s10: and substituting the obtained lightning shielding failure level into the following formula to calculate the shielding failure trip rate:
r is the shielding failure tripping rate, theta is the protection angle of the lightning conductor to the side phase conductor, hgTower height, IrD is the spacing between the lightning conductors for the optimized shielding failure lightning-resistant level;
s11: optimizing the counterattack lightning withstand level I of the step S4yAnd the optimized level I of lightning strike-around lightning resistance of the step S9rSubstituting to obtain an optimized lightning trip-out rate theoretical formula:
in the formula, LjFor optimized lightning trip-out rate, G is the striking rod rate.
Further, the specific process of step S1 is:
1) connecting a contact of the bidirectional contact to a second coaxial cable, starting an impulse voltage generator, outputting lightning voltage with the amplitude of U to the tower top of the first base tower, recording lightning current injected into the tower top of the first base tower by the wireless current sensor, and transmitting the lightning current to the wireless receiving module through wireless transmission so as to transmit the lightning current to an upper computer; meanwhile, the first high-voltage differential probe, the second high-voltage differential probe and the third high-voltage differential probe respectively measure overvoltage at two ends of the first A-phase insulator string, the first B-phase insulator string and the first C-phase insulator string, and the overvoltage is transmitted to an upper computer through a data acquisition unit;
2) if the insulator string has flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator is reduced by delta U through the signal controller, the impulse voltage generator is turned on again, the method is repeated until the insulator string just does not have flashover, and the lightning current amplitude I measured in the previous time is measuredcAs a counterattack lightning withstand level; if insulator strings are not in flashover, increasing the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator by delta U through the signal controller, opening the impulse voltage generator again, repeating the method until one insulator string is found to be in flashover, and measuring the lightning current amplitude I measured at this timecAs a lightning strike-back level.
Further, the specific process of step S4 is:
1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
2) and calculating an objective function value according to the formula (9):
wherein g (m) represents an objective function, IiIs a theoretical calculated value of the lightning-resistant level of counterattack under the condition of the ith soil resistivity, IciThe measured value of the lightning strike-resistant level under the condition of the ith soil resistivity is n, and the measured data group number of the lightning strike-resistant level of the corresponding soil resistivity area is n;
3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole group;
4) updating the speed and position of each particle;
5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting the searching result, otherwise, returning to the step 2);
6) and obtaining the m value which minimizes the error between the actual measured value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level and the theoretical value.
Wherein the high soil resistivity region is: 500 Ω · m < ρ < ═ 1000 Ω · m; the higher soil resistivity areas are: 1000 Ω · m < ρ < ═ 2000 Ω · m; the ultrahigh soil resistivity region is: 2000 Ω · m < ρ, where ρ is the soil resistivity.
Further, the specific process of step S7 is:
1) connecting a contact of the bidirectional contact to a coaxial cable III, starting an impulse voltage generator, outputting lightning voltage with the amplitude of U to a C-phase line of the first base tower, recording lightning current injected into the C-phase line by the wireless current sensor, and transmitting the lightning current to the wireless receiving module and further to an upper computer; meanwhile, the first high-voltage differential probe, the second high-voltage differential probe and the third high-voltage differential probe respectively measure overvoltage at two ends of the first A-phase insulator string, the first B-phase insulator string and the first C-phase insulator string, and the overvoltage is transmitted to an upper computer through a data acquisition unit;
2) if the insulator string has flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator is reduced by delta U through the signal controller, the impulse voltage generator is turned on again, the method is repeated until the insulator string just does not have flashover, and the previous measurement is carried outThe obtained lightning current amplitude IrcAs a level of lightning strike-around; if insulator strings are not in flashover, increasing the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator by delta U through the signal controller, opening the impulse voltage generator again, repeating the method until one insulator string is found to be in flashover, and measuring the lightning current amplitude I measured at this timercAs a level of lightning strike-around.
Further, the specific process of step S9 is:
(1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
(2) the objective function value is calculated according to equation (10):
wherein g (m) represents an objective function, IrjIs a theoretical calculated value of the lightning strike-resisting level under the condition of the jth radius of the wire, IrcjThe measured value of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under the condition of the jth soil resistivity is s, and the measured data group number of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level is s;
(3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole population;
(4) updating the velocity and position of each particle;
(5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting the searching result, otherwise, returning to the step (2);
(6) obtaining an optimal value m from the optimization3Substituting the following formula (11) into the optimized theoretical formula:
m3to optimize the error coefficients.
Wherein, different transmission line wire radiuses are: 8mm < r < ═ 15mm, where r is the wire radius.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the influence of different soil resistivity on the lightning resistance level of the line is considered; the lightning trip-out rate of the line can be directly obtained by combining actual measurement with a calculation method; main operation and control are completed through an upper computer, operation is convenient and intelligent, safety and reliability are achieved, and universality is achieved for lightning resistance level testing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the platform of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the line soil resistivity includes the steps that firstly, a test platform is set up, and as shown in fig. 1, the test platform comprises an impulse voltage generator 11, a data measurement analysis control module 17, a wireless current sensor 7, a first coaxial cable 24, a second coaxial cable 9, a third coaxial cable 10, a bidirectional contact 8, a first base tower 21, a second base tower 22, a third base tower 23, a lightning conductor 81, an A-phase line 91, a B-phase line 92 and a C-phase line 93;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator 11 is connected to the bidirectional contact 8 through a first coaxial cable 24, the output ends of the bidirectional contacts are respectively connected to a second coaxial cable 9 and a third coaxial cable 10, wherein the second coaxial cable 9 is connected to the tower top of the first base tower 21, the third coaxial cable 10 is connected to a phase-C line 93 of the first base tower 21, and the wireless current sensor 7 is sleeved on the first coaxial cable 24;
the lightning conductor 81 connects the first base tower 21, the second base tower 22 and the third base tower 23 in series;
the first base tower 21 comprises a tower main body I101, an A-phase insulator string I131, a B-phase insulator string I132, a C-phase insulator string I133, a grounding down lead I161, a grounding device I61 and a sand pool 5; two ends of the first A-phase insulator string 131 are respectively connected with the first tower main body 101 and the first A-phase line 91, two ends of the first B-phase insulator string 132 are respectively connected with the first tower main body 101 and the first B-phase line 92, and two ends of the first C-phase insulator string 133 are respectively connected with the first tower main body 101 and the first C-phase line 93; the bottom of the tower main body I101 is connected to a grounding device I61 through a grounding down lead I161, the grounding device I61 is buried in the sand pool 5, and soil 18 with variable soil resistivity is filled in the sand pool 5;
the second base tower 22 comprises a second tower main body 102, a second A-phase insulator string 141, a second B-phase insulator string 142, a second C-phase insulator string 143, a second grounding down lead 162 and a second grounding device 62; two ends of the A-phase insulator string II 141 are respectively connected with the tower main body II 102 and the A-phase line 91, two ends of the B-phase insulator string II 142 are respectively connected with the tower main body II 102 and the B-phase line 92, and two ends of the C-phase insulator string II 143 are respectively connected with the tower main body II 102 and the C-phase line 93; the bottom of the second tower main body 102 is connected to the second grounding device 62 through the second grounding down lead 162, and the second grounding device 62 is buried in soil;
the third base tower 23 comprises a tower main body III 103, an A-phase insulator string III 151, a B-phase insulator string III 152, a C-phase insulator string III 153, a grounding down lead III 163 and a grounding device III 63; two ends of the A-phase insulator string III 151 are respectively connected with the tower main body III 103 and the A-phase line 91, two ends of the B-phase insulator string III 152 are respectively connected with the tower main body III 103 and the B-phase line 92, and two ends of the C-phase insulator string III 153 are respectively connected with the tower main body III 103 and the C-phase line 93; the bottom of the tower main body III 103 is connected to a grounding device III 63 through a grounding down lead III 163, and the grounding device III 63 is buried in the soil;
the data measurement analysis control module 17 comprises a first high-voltage differential probe 41, a second high-voltage differential probe 42, a third high-voltage differential probe 43, a data acquisition unit 3, a wireless receiving module 2, an upper computer 1 and a signal controller 12; the high-voltage differential probe I41, the high-voltage differential probe II 42 and the high-voltage differential probe III 43 are respectively connected to two ends of the A-phase insulator string I131, the B-phase insulator string I132 and the C-phase insulator string I133 and are connected to the upper computer 1 through the data acquisition unit 3; the wireless receiving module 2 transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor 7 to the upper computer 1; the upper computer 1 changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator 11 through the control signal controller 12.
Example 2
A lightning trip-out rate test method considering line soil resistivity differentiation comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating lightning strike on the tower top of the transmission line tower, and carrying out counterattack lightning-resistant horizontal test;
s2: for the high soil resistivity area, changing the soil resistivity of the soil 18 in the sand pool 5, starting from 550 Ω · m, taking one soil resistivity at intervals of 50 Ω · m, and repeating the step S1 to measure the counterattack lightning resistance levels under different soil resistivities;
s3: calculating the theoretical value I of the counterattack lightning resistance level under different soil resistivities according to the following formula:
wherein L is the total length of the conductor of the grounding device, h is the buried depth of the grounding device, d is the diameter of the conductor of the grounding device, B is the form factor, L is the geometric dimension, and L is the total length of the conductor of the grounding devicegtIs the equivalent inductance of the tower, hdIs the average height, U, of the power conductors50％The flashover voltage of an insulator string is represented by α, K is a coupling coefficient after corona correction, m is an error coefficient, and η is an integral variable;
s4: performing optimization modeling on a counterattack lightning-resistant level theoretical calculation formula by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and calculating an m value which enables an error between an actual measured value and a theoretical value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level to be minimum;
s5: repeating the step S4 to finally obtain the optimal values of the error coefficients m in the high soil resistivity area, the higher soil resistivity area and the ultra-high soil resistivity area, wherein the optimal values are m0、m1、m2Substituting the following formulas (2), (3) and (4) to obtain an optimized theoretical formula:
in the formula IyThe optimized theoretical calculation value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level is obtained;
s6: the obtained counterattack lightning resistance level IySubstituting the following formula, thereby obtaining the counterattack trip rate:
in the formula IyThe theoretical calculation value of the optimized counterattack lightning-resistant level is that G is the striking rod rate and h isarcFor the lightning conductor sag, HbIs the ground clearance L of the junction of the lightning conductor and the towerxjFor insulator chain flashover distance, U1The rated voltage of the line is adopted, and M is the number of lightning days of the year;
s7: simulating a lightning stroke C phase line 93, and carrying out a lightning strike-around lightning resistance horizontal test;
s8: aiming at different wire radiuses, the wire radius of the power transmission line is changed, one wire radius is taken from 8mm at intervals of 0.5mm, S7 is repeated, the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under the power transmission wire radius is measured, and the theoretical value I of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under different power transmission line widths is obtained1：
Z0Is the wave impedance of the lightning path hbIs the side phase conductor height, r is the conductor radius, ljIs the length of the insulator string, mu0Is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, epsilon0Is the dielectric constant of the vacuum, and m is the error coefficient;
s9: performing optimization modeling on the shielding failure lightning-resistant level theoretical calculation formula by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and calculating m which minimizes the error between the shielding failure lightning-resistant level measured value and the theoretical value3A value;
s10: and substituting the obtained lightning shielding failure level into the following formula to calculate the shielding failure trip rate:
r is the shielding failure tripping rate, theta is the protection angle of the lightning conductor to the side phase conductor, hgTower height, IrD is the spacing between the lightning conductors for the optimized shielding failure lightning-resistant level;
s11: optimizing the counterattack lightning withstand level I of the step S4yAnd the optimized level I of lightning strike-around lightning resistance of the step S9rSubstituting to obtain an optimized lightning trip-out rate theoretical formula:
in the formula, LjFor optimized lightning trip-out rate, G is the striking rod rate.
The specific process of step S1 is:
1) connecting a contact of the bidirectional contact 8 to a second coaxial cable 9, starting an impulse voltage generator 11, outputting lightning voltage with the amplitude of U to the tower top of a first base tower 21, recording lightning current injected into the tower top of the first base tower 21 by a wireless current sensor 7, and transmitting the lightning current to a wireless receiving module 2 in a wireless manner so as to transmit the lightning current to an upper computer 1; meanwhile, the first high-voltage differential probe 41, the second high-voltage differential probe 42 and the third high-voltage differential probe 43 respectively measure overvoltage at two ends of the first A-phase insulator string 131, the first B-phase insulator string 132 and the first C-phase insulator string 133, the overvoltage is transmitted to the upper computer 1 through the data acquisition unit 3, the upper computer 1 controls the signal controller 12 to close the impulse voltage generator 11, and whether flashover occurs in the first A-phase insulator string 131, the first B-phase insulator string 132 and the first C-phase insulator string 133 is judged;
2) if the insulator chain has flashover, the signal controller 1 is used for controlling the on-off of the insulator chain2, reducing the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator 11 by delta U, opening the impulse voltage generator 11 again, repeating the method until the insulator string does not have flashover, and then measuring the lightning current amplitude I measured at the previous timecAs a counterattack lightning withstand level; if insulator strings are not in flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator 11 is increased by delta U through the signal controller 12, the impulse voltage generator 11 is turned on again, the method is repeated until one insulator string is found to be in flashover, and the lightning current amplitude I measured at this time is measuredcAs a lightning strike-back level.
The specific process of step S4 is:
1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
2) and calculating an objective function value according to the formula (9):
wherein g (m) represents an objective function, IiIs a theoretical calculated value of the lightning-resistant level of counterattack under the condition of the ith soil resistivity, IciThe measured value of the lightning strike-resistant level under the condition of the ith soil resistivity is n, and the measured data group number of the lightning strike-resistant level of the corresponding soil resistivity area is n;
3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole group;
4) updating the speed and position of each particle;
5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting the searching result, otherwise, returning to the step 2);
6) and obtaining the m value which minimizes the error between the actual measured value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level and the theoretical value.
The specific process of step S7 is:
1) connecting the contact of the bidirectional contact 8 to the third coaxial cable 10, opening the impulse voltage generator 11, outputting lightning voltage with the amplitude of U to the C-phase line 93 of the first base tower 21, recording the lightning current injected into the C-phase line 93 by the wireless current sensor 7, and transmitting the lightning current to the wireless receiving module 2 in a wireless manner so as to transmit the lightning current to the upper computer 1; meanwhile, the first high-voltage differential probe 41, the second high-voltage differential probe 42 and the third high-voltage differential probe 43 respectively measure overvoltage at two ends of the first A-phase insulator string 131, the first B-phase insulator string 132 and the first C-phase insulator string 133, the overvoltage is transmitted to the upper computer 1 through the data acquisition unit 3, the upper computer 1 controls the signal controller 12 to close the impulse voltage generator 11, and whether flashover occurs in the first A-phase insulator string 131, the first B-phase insulator string 132 and the first C-phase insulator string 133 is judged;
2) if an insulator string is in flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator 11 is reduced by delta U through the signal controller 12, the impulse voltage generator 11 is turned on again, the method is repeated until the insulator string is just not in flashover, and the lightning current amplitude I measured at the previous time is measuredrcAs a level of lightning strike-around; if insulator strings are not in flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator 11 is increased by delta U through the signal controller 12, the impulse voltage generator 11 is turned on again, the method is repeated until one insulator string is found to be in flashover, and the lightning current amplitude I measured at this time is measuredrcAs a level of lightning strike-around.
The specific process of step S9 is:
(1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
(2) the objective function value is calculated according to equation (10):
wherein g (m) represents an objective function, IrjIs a theoretical calculated value of the lightning strike-resisting level under the condition of the jth radius of the wire, IrcjThe measured value of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under the condition of the jth soil resistivity is s, and the measured data group number of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level is s;
(3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole population;
(4) updating the velocity and position of each particle;
(5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting the searching result, otherwise, returning to the step (2);
(6) obtaining an optimal value m from the optimization3Substituting the following formula (11) into the optimized theoretical formula:
m3to optimize the error coefficients.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar parts;
the positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lightning trip-out rate test method considering line soil resistivity differentiation is characterized by firstly establishing a lightning trip-out rate test platform considering line soil resistivity differentiation, wherein the test platform comprises an impulse voltage generator (11), a data measurement analysis control module (17), a wireless current sensor (7), a first coaxial cable (24), a second coaxial cable (9), a third coaxial cable (10), a bidirectional contact (8), a first base tower (21), a second base tower (22), a third base tower (23), a lightning conductor (81), an A-phase line (91), a B-phase line (92) and a C-phase line (93);
the output end of the impulse voltage generator (11) is connected to a bidirectional contact (8) through a first coaxial cable (24), the output ends of the bidirectional contacts are respectively connected with a second coaxial cable (9) and a third coaxial cable (10), the second coaxial cable (9) is connected with the tower top of a first base tower (21), the third coaxial cable (10) is connected with a C-phase line (93) of the first base tower (21), and a wireless current sensor (7) is sleeved on the first coaxial cable (24);
the lightning conductor (81) connects the first base tower (21), the second base tower (22) and the third base tower (23) in series;
the first base tower (21) of the test platform comprises a tower main body I (101), an A-phase insulator string I (131), a B-phase insulator string I (132), a C-phase insulator string I (133), a grounding down lead I (161), a grounding device I (61) and a sand pool (5); two ends of a first A-phase insulator string (131) are respectively connected with a first tower main body (101) and an A-phase line (91), two ends of a first B-phase insulator string (132) are respectively connected with the first tower main body (101) and the B-phase line (92), and two ends of a first C-phase insulator string (133) are respectively connected with the first tower main body (101) and the C-phase line (93); the bottom of the tower main body I (101) is connected to a grounding device I (61) through a grounding down lead I (161), the grounding device I (61) is buried in a sand pool (5), and soil (18) with variable soil resistivity is filled in the sand pool (5);
the second base tower (22) of the test platform comprises a second tower main body (102), a second A-phase insulator string (141), a second B-phase insulator string (142), a second C-phase insulator string (143), a second grounding down lead (162) and a second grounding device (62); two ends of the A-phase insulator string II (141) are respectively connected with the tower main body II (102) and the A-phase line (91), two ends of the B-phase insulator string II (142) are respectively connected with the tower main body II (102) and the B-phase line (92), and two ends of the C-phase insulator string II (143) are respectively connected with the tower main body II (102) and the C-phase line (93); the bottom of the second tower main body (102) is connected to a second grounding device (62) through a second grounding down lead (162), and the second grounding device (62) is buried in soil;
the third base tower (23) of the test platform comprises a tower main body III (103), an A-phase insulator string III (151), a B-phase insulator string III (152), a C-phase insulator string III (153), a grounding down conductor III (163) and a grounding device III (63); two ends of a third A-phase insulator string (151) are respectively connected with a third tower main body (103) and an A-phase line (91), two ends of a third B-phase insulator string (152) are respectively connected with the third tower main body (103) and a B-phase line (92), and two ends of a third C-phase insulator string (153) are respectively connected with the third tower main body (103) and the C-phase line (93); the bottom of the tower main body III (103) is connected to a grounding device III (63) through a grounding down lead III (163), and the grounding device III (63) is buried in soil;
the data measurement analysis control module (17) in the test platform comprises a high-voltage differential probe I (41), a high-voltage differential probe II (42), a high-voltage differential probe III (43), a data acquisition unit (3), a wireless receiving module (2), an upper computer (1) and a signal controller (12); the high-voltage differential probe I (41), the high-voltage differential probe II (42) and the high-voltage differential probe III (43) are respectively connected to two ends of the A-phase insulator string I (131), the B-phase insulator string I (132) and the C-phase insulator string I (133) and are connected to the upper computer (1) through the data acquisition unit (3); the wireless receiving module (2) transmits the current collected by the wireless current sensor (7) to the upper computer (1); the upper computer (1) changes the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator (11) through the control signal controller (12).
2. The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the line soil resistivity as recited in claim 1, wherein the steps comprise:
s1: simulating lightning strike on the tower top of the transmission line tower, and carrying out counterattack lightning-resistant horizontal test;
s2: for the high soil resistivity area, changing the soil resistivity of the soil (18) in the sand pool (5), starting from 550 ohm-m, taking one soil resistivity at intervals of 50 ohm-m, and repeating the step S1 to measure the counterattack lightning-resistant levels under different soil resistivities;
s3: calculating the theoretical value I of the counterattack lightning resistance level under different soil resistivities according to the following formula:
wherein L is the total length of the conductor of the grounding device, h is the buried depth of the grounding device, d is the diameter of the conductor of the grounding device, B is the form factor, L is the geometric dimension, and L is the total length of the conductor of the grounding devicegtIs the equivalent inductance of the tower, hdIs the average height, U, of the power conductors50％The flashover voltage of an insulator string is represented by α, K is a coupling coefficient after corona correction, m is an error coefficient, and η is an integral variable;
s4: performing optimization modeling on a counterattack lightning-resistant level theoretical calculation formula by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and calculating an m value which enables an error between an actual measured value and a theoretical value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level to be minimum;
s5: repeating the step S4 to finally obtain the optimal values of the error coefficients m in the high soil resistivity area, the higher soil resistivity area and the ultra-high soil resistivity area, wherein the optimal values are m0、m1、m2Substituting the following formulas (2), (3) and (4) to obtain an optimized theoretical formula:
in the formula IyThe optimized theoretical calculation value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level is obtained;
s6: the obtained counterattack lightning resistance level IySubstituting the following formula, thereby obtaining the counterattack trip rate:
in the formula IyThe theoretical calculation value of the optimized counterattack lightning-resistant level is that G is the striking rod rate and h isarcFor the lightning conductor sag, HbIs the ground clearance L of the junction of the lightning conductor and the towerxjFor insulator chain flashover distance, U1The rated voltage of the line is adopted, and M is the number of lightning days of the year;
s7: simulating a lightning stroke C-phase line (93), and carrying out a lightning strike-around lightning resistance horizontal test;
s8: aiming at different wire radiuses, the wire radius of the power transmission line is changed, one wire radius is taken from 8mm at intervals of 0.5mm, S7 is repeated, the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under the power transmission wire radius is measured, and the theoretical value I of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under different power transmission line widths is obtained1：
Z0Is the wave impedance of the lightning path hbIs the side phase conductor height, r is the conductor radius, ljIs the length of the insulator string, mu0Is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, epsilon0Is the dielectric constant of the vacuum, and m is the error coefficient;
s9: performing optimization modeling on the shielding failure lightning-resistant level theoretical calculation formula by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and calculating m which minimizes the error between the shielding failure lightning-resistant level measured value and the theoretical value3A value;
s10: and substituting the obtained lightning shielding failure level into the following formula to calculate the shielding failure trip rate:
r is the shielding failure tripping rate, theta is the protection angle of the lightning conductor to the side phase conductor, hgTower height, IrD is the spacing between the lightning conductors for the optimized shielding failure lightning-resistant level;
s11: optimizing the counterattack lightning withstand level I of the step S4yAnd the optimized level I of lightning strike-around lightning resistance of the step S9rSubstituting to obtain an optimized lightning trip-out rate theoretical formula:
in the formula, LjFor optimized lightning trip-out rate, G is the striking rod rate.
3. The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the resistivity of the line soil according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step S1 is as follows:
1) connecting a contact of the bidirectional contact (8) to a second coaxial cable (9), opening an impulse voltage generator (11), outputting lightning voltage with the amplitude of U to the tower top of a first base tower (21), recording lightning current injected into the tower top of the first base tower (21) by a wireless current sensor (7), and transmitting the lightning current to a wireless receiving module (2) in a wireless mode so as to transmit the lightning current to an upper computer (1); meanwhile, overvoltage at two ends of the A-phase insulator string I (131), the B-phase insulator string I (132) and the C-phase insulator string I (133) is respectively measured by the high-voltage differential probe I (41), the high-voltage differential probe II (42) and the high-voltage differential probe III (43), and is transmitted to the upper computer (1) through the data acquisition unit (3), the upper computer (1) controls the signal controller (12) to close the impact voltage generator (11), and whether flashover occurs in the A-phase insulator string I (131), the B-phase insulator string I (132) and the C-phase insulator string I (133) is judged;
2) if the insulator string has flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator (11) is reduced by delta U through the signal controller (12), the impulse voltage generator (11) is turned on again, the method is repeated until the insulator string just does not have flashover, and the lightning current amplitude I measured at the previous time is measuredcAs a counterattack lightning withstand level; if insulator strings are not in flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator (11) is increased by delta U through the signal controller (12), the impulse voltage generator (11) is turned on again, the method is repeated until one insulator string is found to be in flashover, and the current amplitude I measured at this time is usedcAs a lightning strike-back level.
4. The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the resistivity of the line soil according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step S4 is as follows:
1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
2) and calculating an objective function value according to the formula (9):
wherein g (m) represents an objective function, IiIs a theoretical calculated value of the lightning-resistant level of counterattack under the condition of the ith soil resistivity, IciThe measured value of the lightning strike-resistant level under the condition of the ith soil resistivity is n, and the measured data group number of the lightning strike-resistant level of the corresponding soil resistivity area is n;
3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole group;
4) updating the speed and position of each particle;
5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting the searching result, otherwise, returning to the step 2);
6) and obtaining the m value which minimizes the error between the actual measured value of the counterattack lightning-resistant level and the theoretical value.
5. The method for assessing the lightning withstand level of the lightning transmission line in the area with high soil resistivity according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the area with high soil resistivity is: in step S5, 550 Ω · m < ρ < > 1000 Ω · m, the higher soil resistivity region is: 1000 Ω · m < ρ < ═ 2000 Ω · m; in step S6, the ultra-high soil resistivity region is: 2000 Ω · m < ρ, where ρ is the soil resistivity.
6. The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the resistivity of the line soil according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step S7 is as follows:
1) connecting a contact of the bidirectional contact (8) to a coaxial cable III (10), opening an impulse voltage generator (11), outputting lightning voltage with the amplitude of U to a C-phase line (93) of the first base tower (21), recording lightning current injected into the C-phase line (93) by a wireless current sensor (7), and transmitting the lightning current to a wireless receiving module (2) in a wireless mode so as to transmit the lightning current to an upper computer (1); meanwhile, overvoltage at two ends of the A-phase insulator string I (131), the B-phase insulator string I (132) and the C-phase insulator string I (133) is respectively measured by the high-voltage differential probe I (41), the high-voltage differential probe II (42) and the high-voltage differential probe III (43), and is transmitted to the upper computer (1) through the data acquisition unit (3), the upper computer (1) controls the signal controller (12) to close the impact voltage generator (11), and whether flashover occurs in the A-phase insulator string I (131), the B-phase insulator string I (132) and the C-phase insulator string I (133) is judged;
2) if the insulator string has flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator (11) is reduced by delta U through the signal controller (12), the impulse voltage generator (11) is turned on again, the method is repeated until the insulator string just does not have flashover, and the lightning current amplitude I measured at the previous time is measuredrcAs a level of lightning strike-around; if insulator strings are not in flashover, the lightning voltage amplitude output by the impulse voltage generator (11) is increased by delta U through the signal controller (12), the impulse voltage generator (11) is turned on again, the method is repeated until one insulator string is found to be in flashover, and the current amplitude I measured at this time is usedrcAs a level of lightning strike-around.
7. The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the resistivity of the line soil according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step S9 is as follows:
(1) generating an initial population having uniformly distributed particles and velocities, setting a stopping condition;
(2) the objective function value is calculated according to equation (10):
wherein g (m) represents an objective function, IrjIs a theoretical calculated value of the lightning strike-resisting level under the condition of the jth radius of the wire, IrcjThe measured value of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level under the condition of the jth soil resistivity is s, and the measured data group number of the shielding failure lightning-resistant level is s;
(3) updating the individual historical optimal position of each particle and the optimal position of the whole population;
(4) updating the velocity and position of each particle;
(5) if the stopping condition is met, stopping searching and outputting the searching result, otherwise, returning to the step (2);
(6) obtaining an optimal value m from the optimization3Substituting the following formula (11) into the optimized theoretical formula:
m3to optimize the error coefficients.
8. The lightning trip-out rate test method considering the difference of the resistivity of the soil of the line according to claim 2, wherein in the step S8, the radiuses of the conductors of different transmission lines are as follows: 8mm < r < ═ 15mm, where r is the wire radius.
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