CN110862578B - 一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110862578B
CN110862578B CN201911174242.1A CN201911174242A CN110862578B CN 110862578 B CN110862578 B CN 110862578B CN 201911174242 A CN201911174242 A CN 201911174242A CN 110862578 B CN110862578 B CN 110862578B
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曾广胜
江太君
孟聪
胡灿
陈一
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法,本发明以天然木质纤维素为原料,通过高温纯化水使纤维素软化,促进纤维素间孔隙增大,然后在高压下将纳米银通过强吸附作用分散在多孔结构的纤维中,形成具有微孔结构的高效杀菌除臭复合材料,可广泛应用于室内除臭去味,效果好,更具成本优势。

Description

一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
植物纤维是一种天然的可再生资源,广泛存在于农林资源及其加工废弃物中,并且往往得不到充分的利用而被当作垃圾遗弃在大自然,同时也给自然生态的和谐带来了负面的影响,甚至会因为处理不当而造成严重的火灾等。高值化利用农林废弃物国家层面近年来大力鼓励发展的新兴战略性产业。但是这类植物纤维中除了含有大量天然纤维素成分外还含有大量的半纤维素、果胶、木质素以及矿物质等,这些成分会影响复合材料的性能,限制了材料的使用范围。纤维素作为植物纤维中的主要成分具有更高的强度,不仅能够用来制备性能更加优异的复合材料,还可以用来加工多孔的纤维材料而应用于杀菌消毒领域。
纳米银作为一种典型的杀菌材料广泛被用于塑胶材料的填充改性用于提升复合材料抗菌能力,其抗菌机理是纳米银具有较高的催化能力,高氧化态的还原势极高,足于使周围空间产生原子氧,原子氧具有强氧化性,可以杀菌。由此可见纳米银离子作为有限成分填充至塑料中后仅制品表层的纳米银发挥作用,内部的纳米银无法发挥作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对纳米银填充塑胶材料有效成分利用率低、成本高的的不足,提供一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法,制备步骤包括:将纤维素置于管状密闭容器中,在高压下,从容器的一端通入混有纳米银微粒的高温纯化水,含纳米银的高温纯化水经过纤维素从另一端流出,不间断通水一定时间后,通入冷却水清洗,将清洗后的含纳米银的纤维素干燥即得纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料。
进一步地,所述纳米银的粒径为30~45nm。
进一步地,所述纳米银在纯化水中的浓度为500~900ppm。
进一步地,所述纤维素为天然木质纤维。
进一步地,所述天然木质纤维其含有的为半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质含量在30~50%。
进一步地,所述纤维素为天然木质纤维经碱液处理后得到的,其半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质等非纤维素成分去除率不低于60%。
进一步地,所述纯化水的温度为100~120℃。
进一步地,所述一定时间为10~20min。
与现有技术相比,有益效果是:
本发明通过高温纯化使纤维素软化,促进纤维素间孔隙增大,然后将纳米银通过强吸附作用分散于多孔结构的纤维中,形成具有微孔结构的高效杀菌除臭复合材料,可广泛应用于室内除臭去味,效果好,更具成本优势。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步解释和阐明,但具体实施例并不对本发明有任何形式的限定。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的方法和设备为本领常规方法和设备,所用原料均为常规市售原料。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
S1.含有的为半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质含量在30~50%的天然木质纤维在pH为14的碱性溶液中80℃处理24h,洗净,干燥。得到半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质等非纤维素成分去除率65%的纤维素。
S2.将S1中的纤维素置于一密闭的管状容器中,在高压下,从一端通入含有30~45nm纳米银的100℃纯化水,浓度为900ppm,纯化水从另一端流出,循环20min。
S3.最后通入15℃的冷却水,洗净,干燥得到纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料。
上述制备得到的纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料进行抗菌效果测试,与未处理的天然木质纤维相比,其抗菌率高达78%。在对甲醛的降解测试中,甲醛降解率高达85%,可有效对室内空气清新除臭杀菌
实施例2
本实施例提供一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
S1.含有的为半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质含量在30~50%的天然木质纤维在pH为14的碱性溶液中90℃处理40h,洗净,干燥。得到半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质等非纤维素成分去除率不低于78%的纤维素。
S2.将S1中的纤维素置于一密闭的管状容器中,在高压下,从一端通入含有30~45nm纳米银的120℃纯化水,浓度为500ppm,纯化水从另一端流出,循环10min。
S3.最后通入低于10℃的冷却水,洗净,干燥得到纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料。
上述制备得到的纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料进行抗菌效果测试,与未处理的天然木质纤维相比,其抗菌率高达82%。在对甲醛的降解测试中,甲醛降解率高达91%,可有效对室内空气清新除臭杀菌。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤包括:将纤维素置于管状密闭容器中,在高压下,从容器的一端通入混有纳米银微粒的高温纯化水,含纳米银的高温纯化水经过纤维素从另一端流出,不间断通水10~20min后,通入冷却水清洗,将清洗后的含纳米银的纤维素干燥即得纳米银吸附纤维素抗菌复合材料;
所述纤维素为含有半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质含量在30~50%的天然木质纤维在pH为14的碱性溶液中处理后,洗净,干燥得到的;
所述纳米银微粒的粒径为30~45nm;
所述纳米银微粒在高温纯化水中的浓度为500~900ppm;
所述纤维素的半纤维素、木质素、果胶及杂质非纤维素成分去除率不低于60%;
所述高温纯化水的温度为100~120℃。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105440314A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2016-03-30 北京林业大学 一种具有抗菌活性的纤维素复合材料及其制备方法
CN109591136A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-09 五邑大学 一种纳米银抗菌木质复合材料的制备方法
CN109944067A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-06-28 华南理工大学 一种纳米银粒子/纤维素纤维复合材料及制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105440314A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2016-03-30 北京林业大学 一种具有抗菌活性的纤维素复合材料及其制备方法
CN109591136A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-09 五邑大学 一种纳米银抗菌木质复合材料的制备方法
CN109944067A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-06-28 华南理工大学 一种纳米银粒子/纤维素纤维复合材料及制备方法

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