CN110859246A - Buffalo calf licking brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Buffalo calf licking brick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a buffalo calf licking brick and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of feeds. The composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-400 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 250-450 parts of bentonite, 2800-3200 parts of feeding salt, 400-500 parts of urea, 100-130 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 120-150 parts of mineral additives, 400-600 parts of multivitamins, 0.2-1 part of acetohydroxyamine, 1-3 parts of lactoferrin, 1-5 parts of rumen bypass protein, 1-5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 1-5 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 20-50 parts of plant extract. The calves licking brick has rich nutrition, and can maintain electrolyte balance of calves; preventing and treating mineral nutrition deficiency; promoting growth and improving feed return; improving resistance and preventing and treating tick.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed, in particular to a buffalo calf licking brick and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The buffalo is a special livestock in tropical and subtropical regions, has multiple purposes of milk, meat and service, and has higher economic value. Buffalo meat contains more lean components and lower cholesterol content than salmones and is more beneficial to people from a health perspective (Maria et al, 2015), wherein buffalo milk has rich nutritional value and can be used for producing high-quality cheese, cheese and the like (poplar, 2011). In summer, the buffalo is the first choice for the milk industry development in the south due to hot climate, high temperature and high humidity and poor adaptability of the Holstein cow.
The licking brick is a feed which is prepared by processing nutrient substances required by cattle and sheep into blocks through scientific formula and processing technology and is used for cattle and sheep to lick, and the licking brick has different shapes, some are cylindrical, some are rectangular and different in square. Also called block composite additive, which is commonly called 'lick block' or 'lick brick' for short. The supplementary feeding licking brick can obviously improve the health condition of cattle and sheep, accelerate the growth speed and improve the economic benefit.
Calves from birth to the age of 6 months old, called calves, are in a fast growing stage and require an increased supply of nutrients. Meanwhile, the immunity and the resistance are low, and diseases such as calf diarrhea, cold, pneumonia and the like occur, so that the survival rate of calves is reduced. At present, no special licking brick specially used for calves is available on the market, and a patent document with the publication number of CN103750053A discloses a special trace element licking brick for calves and a preparation method thereof. Meanwhile, in the process of breeding the calves, different calves varieties have difference of nutrient substance demands, the buffalo calves have the characteristics of fast growth and development, nutrient malabsorption, unsound rumen function, poor resistance and the like relatively, meanwhile, the buffalo is easy to attract insects, particularly tick insects, not only sucks host blood to cause inflammation of biting parts, but also can spread various pathogens carried by the buffalo to the host to cause local congestion, edema and acute inflammatory reaction of the buffalo to cause secondary infection, and the growth and survival rate of the buffalo calves are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a calves licking brick which is nutritious and can maintain the electrolyte balance of calves; preventing and treating mineral nutrition deficiency; promoting growth and improving feed return; improving resistance and preventing and treating tick.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the buffalo calf licking brick comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-400 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 250-450 parts of bentonite, 2800-3200 parts of feeding salt, 400-500 parts of urea, 100-130 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 120-150 parts of mineral additives, 400-600 parts of multivitamins, 0.2-1 part of acetohydroxyamine, 1-3 parts of lactoferrin, 1-5 parts of rumen bypass protein, 1-5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 1-5 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 20-50 parts of plant extract.
The mineral supplement comprises the following ingredients: copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite and anhydrous cobalt sulfate.
The compound vitamin comprises the following components: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, calcium D-pantothenate and folic acid.
The plant extract comprises: pine needle extract, thymol, vanillin, eugenol, clove essential oil and rosemary essential oil.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 350 parts of bentonite, 3010 parts of feeding salt, 450 parts of urea, 115 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 130 parts of mineral additive, 500 parts of multivitamin, 0.5 part of acetohydroxyamine, 2 parts of lactoferrin, 3 parts of rumen bypass protein, 2 parts of algal polysaccharide, 3 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 40 parts of plant extract.
Preferably, the vitamin complex comprises, per 100g of the vitamin complex: vitamin A1200000IU, vitamin D3300000 IU, vitamin E800IU, vitamin K150mg, vitamin B175 mg, vitamin B120.9mg, nicotinamide 1000mg, D-calcium pantothenate 750mg and folic acid 15 mg.
Preferably, the mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 8 percent of blue vitriol, 50 to 60 percent of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 10 to 22 percent of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 15 to 30 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of potassium iodide, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of sodium selenite and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of anhydrous cobalt sulfate.
Preferably, the plant extract comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-58% of pine needle extract, 10-20% of thymol, 10-25% of vanillin, 10-20% of eugenol, 5-10% of clove essential oil and 3-8% of rosemary essential oil.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a licking brick for calves, which is simple in process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a calves licking brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing hydroxymethyl cellulose, bentonite and feeding salt according to the parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture 1.
S2, weighing lactoferrin, rumen bypass protein, algal polysaccharide, yeast cell wall polysaccharide and plant extract according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture 2.
S3, weighing urea, anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, mineral additives, compound vitamins and acetohydroxamic acid according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture 3.
And S4, mixing the mixture 1, the mixture 2 and the mixture 3, uniformly stirring, and pressing to form to obtain the calf licking brick.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the buffalo calf licking brick provided by the invention is rich in nutrition, and can maintain the electrolyte balance of calf organisms by adding rich minerals, vitamins, plant extracts, acetohydroxamic acid, lactoferrin, rumen bypass protein, algal polysaccharide and yeast cell wall polysaccharide and realizing synergistic effect; preventing and treating mineral nutrition deficiency; promoting growth and improving feed return; improving resistance and preventing and treating tick.
2. The calf licking brick and the mineral additive provided by the invention can prevent the immunity decline and nutrient absorption disorder caused by mineral deficiency in calf breeding. The urease inhibitor can reduce the pH value in urine, directly inhibit the formation of calculus and relieve the damage of ammonia to ulcer, and the urease inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid can effectively relieve the release of ammonia, improve the absorption efficiency of urea and avoid ammonia poisoning. Lactoferrin has antibacterial and resistance improving effects, and can promote absorption of ferrum and macrophage proliferation of buffalo. By adding rumen bypass protein, the digestion and absorption of nutrition by small intestine can be increased.
3. The calf licking brick provided by the invention can effectively expel buffalo ticks and prevent diseases of people and livestock by sharing thymol and vanillin, and meanwhile, the vanillin can be used as a flavoring agent to attract licking. The antibacterial and antioxidant properties of thymol and eugenol are of great significance in meat products. The clove essential oil and the rosemary essential oil have a certain antibacterial effect, play a role in bacteria through cell membranes, so that a rumen microbial system is regulated, the generation of methane can be inhibited, the rumen fermentation type is changed, the molar ratio of propionic acid is increased, and the activity of rumen bacteria and protozoa is inhibited, so that the clove essential oil and the rosemary essential oil are potential antibiotic drug substitutes, and are beneficial to improving the immunity and the digestive system of animals. Owing to different molecular structures and action sites, the clove essential oil and the rosemary essential oil have certain synergistic effect.
4. The yeast cell wall polysaccharide can induce the buffalo to generate humoral immunity and cellular immunity and improve the immunity and disease resistance of the buffalo, the yeast cell wall polysaccharide and the algal polysaccharide are mixed and used simultaneously, the action effect is more obvious than that of the yeast cell wall polysaccharide and the algal polysaccharide which are used independently, and β -glucan, mannan oligosaccharide and terpenoid compounds in the algal polysaccharide in the yeast cell wall polysaccharide interact with each other, so that an information transfer system in a buffalo immune system can be activated, signals are amplified, various immune factors are activated, and the immune effect is achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The buffalo calf licking brick comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 350 parts of bentonite, 3010 parts of feeding salt, 450 parts of urea, 115 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 130 parts of mineral additive, 500 parts of multivitamin, 0.5 part of acetohydroxyamine, 2 parts of lactoferrin, 3 parts of rumen bypass protein, 2 parts of algal polysaccharide, 3 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 40 parts of plant extract.
The mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.2 percent of blue vitriol, 58 percent of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 15 percent of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 20 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 percent of potassium iodide, 0.1 percent of sodium selenite and 0.4 percent of anhydrous cobaltous sulfate.
Every 100g of the compound vitamin comprises: vitamin A1200000IU, vitamin D3300000 IU, vitamin E800IU, vitamin K150mg, vitamin B175 mg, vitamin B120.9mg, nicotinamide 1000mg, D-calcium pantothenate 750mg and folic acid 15 mg.
The plant extract comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of pine needle extract, 10% of thymol, 20% of vanillin, 15% of eugenol, 5% of clove essential oil and 5% of rosemary essential oil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing hydroxymethyl cellulose, bentonite and feeding salt according to the parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture 1.
S2, weighing lactoferrin, rumen bypass protein, algal polysaccharide, yeast cell wall polysaccharide and plant extract according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture 2.
S3, weighing urea, anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, mineral additives, compound vitamins and acetohydroxamic acid according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture 3.
And S4, adding water into the mixture 1, mixing, then adding the mixture 2 and the mixture 3, uniformly stirring, and pressing to form to obtain the calf licking brick.
Example 2
The buffalo calf licking brick comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 450 parts of bentonite, 3200 parts of feeding salt, 400 parts of urea, 100 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 150 parts of mineral additive, 400 parts of vitamin complex, 1 part of acetohydroxamic acid, 1 part of lactoferrin, 5 parts of rumen bypass protein, 5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 1 part of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 50 parts of plant extract.
The mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 percent of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 51 percent of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 10 percent of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 30 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 percent of potassium iodide, 0.1 percent of sodium selenite and 0.4 percent of anhydrous cobalt sulfate.
Every 100g of the compound vitamin comprises: vitamin A1200000IU, vitamin D3300000 IU, vitamin E800IU, vitamin K150mg, vitamin B175 mg, vitamin B120.9mg, nicotinamide 1000mg, D-calcium pantothenate 750mg and folic acid 15 mg.
The plant extract comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 47% of pine needle extract, 10% of thymol, 10% of vanillin, 20% of eugenol, 10% of clove essential oil and 3% of rosemary essential oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 3
The buffalo calf licking brick comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 250 parts of bentonite, 2800 parts of feeding salt, 500 parts of urea, 130 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 120 parts of mineral additive, 600 parts of vitamin complex, 1 part of acetohydroxamic acid, 3 parts of lactoferrin, 1 part of rumen bypass protein, 1 part of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 20 parts of plant extract.
The mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 60% of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 18% of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 16% of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.4% of potassium iodide, 0.1% of sodium selenite and 0.5% of anhydrous cobalt sulfate.
Every 100g of the compound vitamin comprises: vitamin A1200000IU, vitamin D3300000 IU, vitamin E800IU, vitamin K150mg, vitamin B175 mg, vitamin B120.9mg, nicotinamide 1000mg, D-calcium pantothenate 750mg and folic acid 15 mg.
The plant extract comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of pine needle extract, 10% of thymol, 25% of vanillin, 10% of eugenol, 5% of clove essential oil and 8% of rosemary essential oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
A calves licking brick contains no plant extract compared with example 1, and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 2
A calves licking brick contains no algal polysaccharides and yeast cell wall polysaccharides, and the other contents are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 3
A calves licking brick contains plant extract without vanillin, compared with example 1, and the rest are the same.
The plant extract comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% of pine needle extract, 20% of thymol, 15% of eugenol, 5% of clove essential oil and 5% of rosemary essential oil.
Effect verification:
1. testing the buffalo: the test is carried out at the buffalo research institute of Guangxi farm academy, and 120 buffalos with the same age and health condition are selected for free-ranging and divided into 6 groups of 20 buffalos. The test period ends from 2 months and 10 days in 2019 to 6 months and 10 days in 2019 for 4 months.
2. The test method comprises the following steps: test groups 1 to 6 were fed with the lick blocks of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, in the same feeding manner and management manner.
3. And (3) detecting immune functions of buffalos: monitoring the average content of serum immunoglobulin of the dairy cows in the whole test period, monitoring once every 1 month, recording and evaluating the immune function level of the buffalo;
4. tick monitoring and recording: checking and monitoring the quantity condition of the ticks of each cow, recording the quantity condition, and calculating the average ticks of each cow during the test period;
5. the initial average body weight and the average body weight after the end of feeding were calculated, and the total average weight gain was calculated.
TABLE 1 immunoglobulin results statistics
From the data in table 1 in combination with the data in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that the lick brick of the invention, the addition of the plant extract, the algal polysaccharides and the yeast cell wall polysaccharides can effectively increase the contents of IgA, IgM and IgG in the serum of buffalo, and can effectively enhance the humoral immunity function of buffalo.
TABLE 2 statistics of results
| Initial weight/Kg | Total weight gain/Kg | Tick/plant | |
| Example 1 | 80.21 | 79.15 | 3 |
| Example 2 | 81.21 | 76.54 | 5 |
| Example 3 | 80.67 | 77.68 | 4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 80.97 | 61.55 | 19 |
| Comparative example 2 | 81.30 | 65.89 | 7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 80.56 | 72.03 | 13 |
From the data in table 1 in combination with examples 1 to 3, comparative examples 1 to 3 and blank examples, it can be seen that the lick brick of the invention has balanced nutrition, can significantly improve the resistance of buffalo, and thus improves the production efficiency and economic benefit.
Examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 it can be seen that algal polysaccharides and yeast cell wall polysaccharides, plant extracts, can promote the growth of buffalo. Vanillin can effectively repel the buffalo ticks and reduce diseases of the buffalo.
In conclusion, the buffalo calf licking brick provided by the invention is rich in nutrition and can maintain the electrolyte balance of a calf organism; preventing and treating mineral nutrition deficiency; promoting growth and improving feed return; improving resistance and preventing and treating tick.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The brick for the calf licking is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-400 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 250-450 parts of bentonite, 2800-3200 parts of feeding salt, 400-500 parts of urea, 100-130 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 120-150 parts of mineral additives, 400-600 parts of multivitamins, 0.2-1 part of acetohydroxyamine, 1-3 parts of lactoferrin, 1-5 parts of rumen bypass protein, 1-5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 1-5 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 20-50 parts of plant extract;
the mineral supplement comprises the following ingredients: copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite and anhydrous cobalt sulfate;
the compound vitamin comprises the following components: vitamin a, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, niacinamide, calcium D-pantothenate, and folic acid;
the plant extract comprises: pine needle extract, thymol, vanillin, eugenol, clove essential oil and rosemary essential oil.
2. The buffalo calf licking brick according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 350 parts of bentonite, 3010 parts of feeding salt, 450 parts of urea, 115 parts of anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, 130 parts of mineral additive, 500 parts of multivitamin, 0.5 part of acetohydroxyamine, 2 parts of lactoferrin, 3 parts of rumen bypass protein, 2 parts of algal polysaccharide, 3 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 40 parts of plant extract.
3. The calves licking brick according to claim 1, wherein per 100g of the multivitamins comprises: vitamin A1200000IU, vitamin D3300000 IU, vitamin E800IU, vitamin K150mg, vitamin B175 mg, vitamin B120.9mg, nicotinamide 1000mg, D-calcium pantothenate 750mg and folic acid 15 mg.
4. The calves licking brick according to claim 1, wherein the mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 8 percent of blue vitriol, 50 to 60 percent of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 10 to 22 percent of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 15 to 30 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of potassium iodide, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of sodium selenite and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of anhydrous cobalt sulfate.
5. The calves licking brick according to claim 1, wherein the plant extract comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-58% of pine needle extract, 10-20% of thymol, 10-25% of vanillin, 10-20% of eugenol, 5-10% of clove essential oil and 3-8% of rosemary essential oil.
6. The method for preparing the licking brick for buffalo calves according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing hydroxymethyl cellulose, bentonite and feeding salt according to the parts by weight, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture 1;
s2, weighing lactoferrin, rumen bypass protein, algal polysaccharide, yeast cell wall polysaccharide and plant extract according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture 2;
s3, weighing urea, anhydrous calcium hydrophosphate, mineral additives, compound vitamins and acetohydroxamic acid according to parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture 3;
and S4, mixing the mixture 1, the mixture 2 and the mixture 3, uniformly stirring, and pressing to form to obtain the calf licking brick.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111213791A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-02 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Licking brick for buffalo in lactation period and preparation method thereof |
| CN111264707A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-12 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Special licking brick for buffalo in fattening period and preparation method thereof |
| CN111357875A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-03 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Cattle and sheep composite nutrition licking brick taking kelp paste as adhesive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112320862A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-02-05 | 嘉兴沃特泰科环保科技股份有限公司 | Slime stripping agent for circulating water and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111357875A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-03 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Cattle and sheep composite nutrition licking brick taking kelp paste as adhesive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112320862A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-02-05 | 嘉兴沃特泰科环保科技股份有限公司 | Slime stripping agent for circulating water and preparation method and application thereof |
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