CN110852028A - Vacuum circuit breaker electromagnetic transient model obtaining method considering parameter normal distribution - Google Patents
Vacuum circuit breaker electromagnetic transient model obtaining method considering parameter normal distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for acquiring an electromagnetic transient model of a vacuum circuit breaker by taking parameter normal distribution into consideration, and belongs to the technical field of electric power. The method comprises the following steps: s1: constructing an improved re-ignition and pre-breakdown model of the circuit breaker; s2: and a breaker switching-on and switching-off model is realized. The method can represent the randomness (dispersity) of parameters in the breaker model and reduce the simulation error of the opening and closing transient process (re-ignition and pre-breakdown) of the breaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, and relates to a method for acquiring an electromagnetic transient model of a vacuum circuit breaker, wherein the method comprises the steps of calculating parameter normal distribution.
Background
A vacuum circuit breaker (hereinafter referred to as a circuit breaker) is one of core devices of an electric power system, and when a small current inductive load is opened, a reignition phenomenon may occur, which causes high frequency oscillation in the system, and a pre-breakdown phenomenon may occur several times during a closing process, which results in a high overvoltage. The electromagnetic oscillation generated by the switching-on and switching-off operation seriously threatens the safe operation of the power equipment, so that the construction of an accurate electromagnetic transient simulation model of the circuit breaker has important significance for guaranteeing the reliable operation of a power system.
The electromagnetic transient simulation model of the circuit breaker starts in the seventies of the last century, is limited by the computing capability of a computer in the early stage, mainly adopts a controllable resistor to simulate the phenomena of circuit breaker cutoff and re-ignition, then J.Helmer and the like establish a circuit breaker simulation model containing cutoff values, medium dynamic insulation strength and high-frequency arc extinguishing capability, and after the twenty-century, M.Popov and the like further add parallel branches of circuit breaker contacts on the basis of the Helmer model and are used for simulating stray parameters of capacitors, resistors and the like of the circuit breaker in the switching process.
In the existing research aiming at the inductive load or no-load transformer of the circuit breaker, most of the research still continues to use a Helmer model with parallel branches, and the randomness of parameters in the circuit breaker model is ignored, so that the circuit breaker opening and closing transient process (reignition and pre-breakdown) generates larger simulation errors.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for obtaining an electromagnetic transient model of a vacuum circuit breaker, which takes into account a normal distribution of parameters, improves a reignition and pre-breakdown model of the circuit breaker, and realizes accurate characterization of reignition and pre-breakdown in an opening and closing electromagnetic transient process of the circuit breaker.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for acquiring the electromagnetic transient model of the vacuum circuit breaker considering the normal distribution of the parameters comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing an improved re-ignition and pre-breakdown model of the circuit breaker;
s2: and a breaker switching-on and switching-off model is realized.
Optionally, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11: cutoff value
And reflecting the natural zero-crossing capability of the cutoff current by adopting an average cutoff value, wherein the average cutoff value represents that:
Ich＝(ωI0αβ)q(1)
wherein: omega is the angular frequency, I0α and q are parameters related to the contact material, for the power frequency current amplitude, α is 6.2 x 10 for Cu/Cr contact-16(s)，β＝14.2，q＝(1-β)-1；
Random numbers generated based on an EMTP-ATPrandom () function are uniformly distributed, the shutoff values of the circuit breakers generally meet normal distribution, and in order to simulate the statistical distribution characteristic of the shutoff values, the average shutoff values are converted into normally distributed shutoff values;
probability density function for normally distributed variable x:
wherein: μ is the mean, σ standard deviation;
let s1，s2Is at [0,1 ]]If the interval satisfies the uniformly distributed random numbers, then:
x＝μ+σs (4)
x calculated by the formula (4) satisfies a normal distribution, and a cutoff value of the normal distribution is satisfied in EMTP-ATP:
ich＝Ich+σichs (5)
wherein σichThe standard deviation of the shutoff value is obtained through experiments;
s12: dielectric dynamic dielectric strength
In the opening process of the circuit breaker, along with the gradual increase of the contact spacing, the dynamic insulation strength of a medium between contacts is increased; the dielectric strength versus time is approximated as linear:
Ub0＝A(t-t0)+B (6)
wherein: u shapeb0For average withstand voltage of circuit breaker, t0At the time of separating the circuit breaker, A is the rising rate of the insulating dielectric strength, and B is the transient recovery voltage before the current zero crossing;
and (3) simulating the dispersion by adopting normal distribution, and expressing the dielectric dynamic insulation strength based on the normal distribution as follows:
Ub＝Ub0+σubs (7)
wherein σubIs the standard deviation of the dynamic dielectric strength of the medium;
s13: high frequency arc quenching capability
When the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker exceeds the dynamic dielectric strength, the circuit breaker is caused to reignite and is accompanied by the formation of high-frequency current; defining the high-frequency arc quenching capacity of the circuit breaker:
dI/dt＝C(t-t0)+D (8)
wherein: c is the high-frequency arc extinguishing capacity increasing rate of the circuit breaker, and D is the arc extinguishing capacity of the circuit breaker when the contacts are separated;
the high frequency arc quenching capability after normal distribution is expressed as:
di/dt＝dI/dt+σits (9)
wherein σitStandard deviation of high frequency arc quenching capability;
s14: breaker closing pre-breakdown
For the pre-breakdown characteristic of closing, the dynamic dielectric strength and the high-frequency arc quenching capability in the opening and reburning model are used for representing, and the dielectric strength is corrected as follows:
wherein, UratedRated voltage for circuit breaker, t1The closing time of the circuit breaker.
Optionally, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
setting the current EMTP-ATP calculation time as t and the current breaker power supply side voltage u1Load side voltage u of circuit breaker2And breaker current ikThe method comprises the following steps of (1) knowing;
judging whether t is larger than set breaker separation time t0If yes, calculate ich，UbDi/dt, otherwise go to the next moment;
judging whether the first-opening phase is cut off or not, and respectively comparing the current value i (t) at the time t with the cut-off value i according to the resultchCurrent zero crossing slope K, high frequency arc quenching capability di/dt, and breaker source side voltage and load side voltage difference | u1-u2I and dielectric dynamic insulation strength UbThe relative size of the Trip is obtained, and finally a Trip is output;
for the predicted penetration of the closing, only U needs to be consideredbAnd di/dt parameters, and adding UbBy U in formula (10)b0Instead.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the randomness (dispersity) of parameters in the circuit breaker model can be represented, and simulation errors of the circuit breaker opening and closing transient process (re-ignition and pre-breakdown) are reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the parts in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a TACS SWIT switch operation determination flow;
FIG. 3 is a circuit breaker characteristic test circuit;
FIG. 4 is a waveform of current flowing through a circuit breaker;
fig. 5 is a voltage waveform across the circuit breaker.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for obtaining an electromagnetic transient model of a vacuum circuit breaker in consideration of normal distribution of parameters is shown. The method specifically comprises the following two parts as shown in figure 1.
Improved breaker reignition and pre-breakdown models;
the breaker switching on and off model is realized;
1. improved circuit breaker model construction
Transient oscillation of the switching-on and switching-off process of the circuit breaker has certain statistical characteristics, and in order to simulate the inherent random characteristic of the switching-on and switching-off process of the circuit breaker, the following characteristic quantities are generally required to be considered in the electromagnetic transient simulation process:
cutoff value: the ability of the circuit breaker to interrupt the natural zero crossing of current;
dielectric dynamic insulation strength: the insulating strength between the contacts is recovered in the breaking process;
high-frequency arc quenching capability: high frequency current zero crossing quenching capability.
1.1 cut-off value
Due to the instability of the cathodic process, the vacuum arc cutoff is virtually uncertain, the specific values of which are mainly influenced by the contact material, the breaking current and the circuit characteristics. Existing studies typically reflect their ability to intercept natural zero crossings of current using an average cutoff value, which represents:
Ich＝(ωI0αβ)q(1)
wherein: omega is the angular frequency, I0α and q are parameters related to the contact material, for the power frequency current amplitude, α is 6.2 x 10 for Cu/Cr contact-16(s)，β＝14.2，q＝(1-β)-1；
Random numbers generated based on an EMTP-ATPrandom () function are uniformly distributed, the shutoff values of the circuit breakers generally meet normal distribution, and in order to simulate the statistical distribution characteristic of the shutoff values, the average shutoff values are converted into normally distributed shutoff values;
probability density function for normally distributed variable x:
wherein: μ is the mean, σ standard deviation;
let s1，s2Is at [0,1 ]]If the interval satisfies the uniformly distributed random numbers, then:
x＝μ+σs (4)
x calculated by the formula (4) satisfies a normal distribution, and a cutoff value of the normal distribution is satisfied in EMTP-ATP:
ich＝Ich+σichs (5)
wherein σichThe standard deviation of the shutoff value is obtained through experiments;
s12: dielectric dynamic dielectric strength
In the opening process of the circuit breaker, along with the gradual increase of the contact spacing, the dynamic insulation strength of a medium between contacts is increased; the dielectric strength versus time is approximated as linear:
Ub0＝A(t-t0)+B (6)
wherein: u shapeb0For average withstand voltage of circuit breaker, t0At the time of separating the circuit breaker, A is the rising rate of the insulating dielectric strength, and B is the transient recovery voltage before the current zero crossing;
and (3) simulating the dispersion by adopting normal distribution, and expressing the dielectric dynamic insulation strength based on the normal distribution as follows:
Ub＝Ub0+σubs (7)
wherein σubIs the standard deviation of the dynamic dielectric strength of the medium;
s13: high frequency arc quenching capability
When the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker exceeds the dynamic dielectric strength, the circuit breaker is caused to reignite and is accompanied by the formation of high-frequency current; defining the high-frequency arc quenching capacity of the circuit breaker:
dI/dt＝C(t-t0)+D (8)
wherein: c is the high-frequency arc extinguishing capacity increasing rate of the circuit breaker, and D is the arc extinguishing capacity of the circuit breaker when the contacts are separated;
the high frequency arc quenching capability after normal distribution is expressed as:
di/dt＝dI/dt+σits (9)
wherein σitStandard deviation of high frequency arc quenching capability;
s14: breaker closing pre-breakdown
For the pre-breakdown characteristic of closing, the dynamic dielectric strength and the high-frequency arc quenching capability in the opening and reburning model are used for representing, and the dielectric strength is corrected as follows:
wherein, UratedRated voltage for circuit breaker, t1The closing time of the circuit breaker.
2. Model implementation in EMTP-ATP
On the basis of a Helmer classical model, the shutoff value, the medium dynamic insulation strength and the high-frequency arc extinguishing capacity are used as criteria for switching-on and switching-off operation of the circuit breaker, and a circuit breaker electromagnetic transient simulation model considering normal distribution characteristics of switching-on and switching-off parameters is established in EMTP-ATP. The calculation flow is shown in fig. 2, and specifically as follows:
setting the current EMTP-ATP calculation time as t and the current breaker power supply side voltage u1Load side voltage u of circuit breaker2And breaker current ikThe method comprises the following steps of (1) knowing;
judging whether t is larger than set breaker separation time t0If yes, calculate ich，UbDi/dt, otherwise go to the next moment;
judging whether the first-opening phase is cut off or not, and respectively comparing the current value i (t) at the time t with the cut-off value i according to the resultchCurrent zero crossing slope K, high frequency arc quenching capability di/dt, and breaker source side voltage and load side voltage difference | u1-u2I and dielectric dynamic insulation strength UbAnd (4) finally outputting the Trip.
For the predicted penetration of the closing, only U needs to be consideredbAnd di/dt parameters, and adding UbBy U in formula (10)b0And replacing the traditional Chinese medicine. The calculation flow is similar to that of fig. 2.
Based on the circuit breaker model, the circuit shown in fig. 3 is used for analyzing the re-ignition and pre-breakdown characteristics of the circuit breaker, and the power supply, cable and load parameters in fig. 3 are shown in table 1, wherein U issIs an effective value of the power supply voltage, Ls，CsRepresents the system impedance, Rc，LcRepresenting cable resistance and inductance, Cl，Rl，LlRepresents the load impedance, where ClIncluding stray cable to ground capacitance.
The opening and closing current and voltage waveforms of the circuit breaker are respectively shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the circuit breaker performs opening operation in 0.07s, reignition occurs in 0.07014s and 0.07016s respectively in the opening transient process, the duration time is 14.79 mus and 11.60 mus respectively, the transient voltage of the circuit breaker corresponding to the reignition process is a high-frequency oscillation waveform, and the maximum voltage is 51.28 kV; the circuit breaker performs switching-on operation within 0.12s, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the circuit breaker undergoes multiple pre-breakdown in the switching-on process, the duration time is 171.80 mus, and the maximum value of the switching-on transient voltage is 17.45 kV.
TABLE 1 simulation parameters
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for acquiring the electromagnetic transient model of the vacuum circuit breaker considering the normal distribution of the parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing an improved re-ignition and pre-breakdown model of the circuit breaker;
s2: and a breaker switching-on and switching-off model is realized.
2. The method for obtaining the electromagnetic transient model of the vacuum circuit breaker in consideration of the normal distribution of the parameters of claim 1, wherein: the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11: cutoff value
And reflecting the natural zero-crossing capability of the cutoff current by adopting an average cutoff value, wherein the average cutoff value represents that:
Ich＝(ωI0αβ)q(1)
wherein: omega is the angular frequency, I0α and q are parameters related to the contact material, for the power frequency current amplitude, α is 6.2 x 10 for Cu/Cr contact-16(s)，β＝14.2，q＝(1-β)-1；
Random numbers generated based on an EMTP-ATPrandom () function are uniformly distributed, the shutoff values of the circuit breakers generally meet normal distribution, and in order to simulate the statistical distribution characteristic of the shutoff values, the average shutoff values are converted into normally distributed shutoff values;
probability density function for normally distributed variable x:
wherein: μ is the mean, σ standard deviation;
let s1，s2Is at [0,1 ]]If the interval satisfies the uniformly distributed random numbers, then:
x＝μ+σs (4)
x calculated by the formula (4) satisfies a normal distribution, and a cutoff value of the normal distribution is satisfied in EMTP-ATP:
ich＝Ich+σichs (5)
wherein σichThe standard deviation of the shutoff value is obtained through experiments;
s12: dielectric dynamic dielectric strength
In the opening process of the circuit breaker, along with the gradual increase of the contact spacing, the dynamic insulation strength of a medium between contacts is increased; the dielectric strength versus time is approximated as linear:
Ub0＝A(t-t0)+B (6)
wherein: u shapeb0For average withstand voltage of circuit breaker, t0At the time of separating the circuit breaker, A is the rising rate of the insulating dielectric strength, and B is the transient recovery voltage before the current zero crossing;
and (3) simulating the dispersion by adopting normal distribution, and expressing the dielectric dynamic insulation strength based on the normal distribution as follows:
Ub＝Ub0+σubs (7)
wherein σubIs the standard deviation of the dynamic dielectric strength of the medium;
s13: high frequency arc quenching capability
When the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker exceeds the dynamic dielectric strength, the circuit breaker is caused to reignite and is accompanied by the formation of high-frequency current; defining the high-frequency arc quenching capacity of the circuit breaker:
dI/dt＝C(t-t0)+D (8)
wherein: c is the high-frequency arc extinguishing capacity increasing rate of the circuit breaker, and D is the arc extinguishing capacity of the circuit breaker when the contacts are separated;
the high frequency arc quenching capability after normal distribution is expressed as:
di/dt＝dI/dt+σits (9)
wherein σitStandard deviation of high frequency arc quenching capability;
s14: breaker closing pre-breakdown
For the pre-breakdown characteristic of closing, the dynamic dielectric strength and the high-frequency arc quenching capability in the opening and reburning model are used for representing, and the dielectric strength is corrected as follows:
wherein, UratedRated voltage for circuit breaker, t1The closing time of the circuit breaker.
3. The method for obtaining the electromagnetic transient model of the vacuum circuit breaker in consideration of the normal distribution of the parameters, according to claim 2, wherein: the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
setting the current EMTP-ATP calculation time as t and the current breaker power supply side voltage u1Load side voltage u of circuit breaker2And breaker current ikThe method comprises the following steps of (1) knowing;
judging whether t is larger than set breaker separation time t0If yes, calculate ich，UbDi/dt, otherwise go to the next moment;
judging whether the first-opening phase is cut off or not, and respectively comparing the current value i (t) at the time t with the cut-off value i according to the resultchCurrent zero crossing slope K, high frequency arc quenching capability di/dt, and breaker source side voltage and load side voltage difference | u1-u2I and dielectric dynamic insulation strength UbThe relative size of the Trip is obtained, and finally a Trip is output;
for the predicted penetration of the closing, only U needs to be consideredbAnd di/dt parameters, and adding UbBy U in formula (10)b0Instead.
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| CN112733391A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-30 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Circuit breaker closing time estimation method based on distance power inverse ratio method |
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| US5726407A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-03-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Contact electrode for vacuum interrupter |
| JP5844015B1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-01-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Power switching control device |
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| CN112733391A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-30 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Circuit breaker closing time estimation method based on distance power inverse ratio method |
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Application publication date: 20200228 |