CN110849975A - Ultrasonic penetration detection equipment and detection method for interface bonding defects of multilayer metal bearing - Google Patents
Ultrasonic penetration detection equipment and detection method for interface bonding defects of multilayer metal bearing Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2696—Wheels, Gears, Bearings
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Abstract
The invention discloses ultrasonic penetration detection equipment and a detection method for interface combination defects of a multilayer metal bearing in the technical field of ultrasonic detection of the bearing, and the ultrasonic penetration detection equipment comprises an ultrasonic flaw detection system, a mechanical scanning mechanism and at least one group of liquid immersion ultrasonic probes connected with the ultrasonic flaw detection system, wherein the mechanical scanning mechanism comprises a probe frame vertically fixed on one side of a rack, and a transmission device is fixed on the probe frame; the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe moves up and down or moves horizontally relative to the transmission device; the liquid containing box is fixed inside the rack, the detection table is movably fixed in the liquid containing box, the detection table is relatively fixed with a positioning workpiece frame for positioning and clamping workpieces, and the detection table and the transmission device are connected with a driving device for driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to move up and down and the detection table to rotate around the central axis of the detection table. The invention can automatically detect the workpiece, has high detection efficiency and low interference of human factors, does not need to be provided with a large number of special probes and high-precision equipment, and reduces the detection cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing ultrasonic detection, in particular to ultrasonic penetration detection equipment and a detection method for interface bonding defects of a multilayer metal bearing.
Background
The multilayer metal sliding bearing is one of various types of sliding bearings, is mainly used in the fields of mining machinery, automobiles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery and the like, and is also one of key parts formed by mechanical equipment, and the quality of a bearing product directly determines the quality stability and the operation reliability of an internal combustion engine.
The quality of interface bonding between the multiple metal layers of the multilayer metal sliding bearing is the most critical factor for determining the quality and performance of a bearing product, so the inspection requirement is very strict and hundreds of percent of inspection is required for detection, however, the bearing is a large-scale basic part product, the size specification is more, the yield is higher, the quality of a bonding layer is detected by a traditional ultrasonic reflection method, each size specification is required to be provided with an ultrasonic detection standard comparison test block and probes suitable for curvatures of different size specifications, a special person is required for detection, automatic detection cannot be realized, the efficiency is very low, the production rhythm cannot be followed, and the most critical factor is that human factors in all detection procedures are difficult to control, so that products with defective bonding quality cannot be completely removed, and the potential safety hazard of mechanical equipment operation is caused. In addition, the alloy layer of the multilayer metal sliding bearing is relatively thin, and is generally 0.2-1.6mm, so that the difference between reflected waves of the interface and the metal joint surface is not obvious, and the requirement on detection equipment by using an ultrasonic reflection method is high.
At present, the bearing can also be detected by an ultrasonic penetration method, but no obvious effective method is applied to the multilayer metal sliding bearing.
The applicant proposes an improvement to the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide ultrasonic penetration detection equipment and a detection method for interface bonding defects of a multilayer metal bearing, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the ultrasonic penetration detection equipment for the interface combination defects of the multilayer metal bearing comprises an ultrasonic flaw detection system, a mechanical scanning mechanism and at least one group of liquid immersion ultrasonic probes connected with the ultrasonic flaw detection system, wherein the mechanical scanning mechanism comprises a probe frame vertically fixed on one side of a rack, and a transmission device is fixed on the probe frame; the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe moves up and down or moves horizontally relative to the transmission device; the ultrasonic detection device is characterized in that a liquid containing box is fixed inside the rack, a detection table is movably fixed in the liquid containing box, a positioning workpiece frame used for positioning and clamping workpieces is relatively fixed on the detection table, and a driving device used for driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to move up and down and driving the detection table to rotate around the central axis of the detection table is connected to the detection table and the transmission device.
As an improved scheme of the invention, in order to further connect a transmission device, the transmission device comprises screw rod mounting seats fixed on the probe frame and the machine frame, a lifting screw rod is connected between the screw rod mounting seats, a vertical lifting frame is connected on the lifting screw rod, a horizontal mounting frame is adjustably fixed on the vertical lifting frame in the horizontal direction, and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe is fixed at the bottom end of the horizontal mounting frame.
As an improvement scheme of the invention, in order to further facilitate the adjustment of the lifting distance of the vertical lifting frame, a scale is arranged on the surface of the probe frame along the vertical direction, and a pointer vertical to the scale is fixed on the surface of the vertical lifting frame close to the probe frame.
As an improved scheme of the invention, in order to further facilitate the guidance of the vertical lifting frame, a vertical guide rod is also fixed on the probe frame, and the vertical lifting frame is movably fixed on the guide rod.
As an improvement scheme of the invention, in order to further facilitate the connection of a driving device with a detection table, a rotating shaft penetrating through the bottom surface of the liquid containing box is fixed on the bottom surface of the detection table, and the rotating shaft is in sealing connection with the inner wall of the bottom surface of the liquid containing box through a waterproof bearing.
As an improved scheme of the invention, in order to further facilitate the driving device to drive the detection table to rotate and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to move up and down, the driving device comprises one or two motors, when one motor is adopted, the motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft and the lifting screw rod through a synchronous belt pulley and a synchronous belt; when the number of the motors is two, one motor is fixed on the frame, an output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a synchronous belt wheel and a synchronous belt, and the other motor is fixed on the probe frame and is in transmission connection with the lifting screw rod through a coupler.
In order to further facilitate the positioning and stabilizing of the workpiece, the outer diameter of the positioning workpiece frame is the same as that of the workpiece, the inner diameter of the positioning workpiece frame is smaller than that of the workpiece, a plurality of magnetic nails for adsorbing the workpiece are uniformly embedded in the circumferential direction of the end face of the positioning workpiece frame, which is in contact with the workpiece, and the magnetic nails are higher than the end face of the positioning workpiece frame.
As a development of the invention, in order to further facilitate the complete detection of the workpiece by the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, the height of the positioning workpiece rack is at least 15mm greater than the diameter of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe.
A detection method of ultrasonic penetration detection equipment for interface bonding defects of a multilayer metal bearing comprises the following steps:
s1: screening workpieces to be detected with the roughness meeting the requirements and having no defects on the surfaces, selecting comparison workpieces with the same specification and qualified detection and calibration workpieces with a plurality of artificial defect holes with different sizes of 1-18 mm in diameter, and cleaning and wiping the workpieces to be detected, the comparison workpieces and the calibration workpieces;
s2: selecting a corresponding positioning workpiece frame according to the model of the workpiece to be detected, fixing the positioning workpiece frame on a detection table, and clamping a defect-free comparison workpiece on the positioning workpiece frame;
s3: starting the ultrasonic flaw detection system and the mechanical scanning mechanism, and adjusting the installation position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to enable the focal point of the transmitting probe of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to be positioned on the metal bonding layer of the comparison workpiece, and enabling the wave crest received by the receiving probe of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to be positioned in a preset gate of the ultrasonic flaw detection system;
s4: manually rotating the detection table, searching for a good combination area which is penetrated by the wave height of the workpiece to be compared through the detection of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, and adjusting the gain of the ultrasonic flaw detection system to enable the ultrasonic penetration wave height of the good combination area to reach the full-width height of more than 80 percent, so as to be used as detection sensitivity;
s5: taking down a comparison workpiece, replacing the comparison workpiece with a calibration workpiece, adjusting the initial position of a liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, starting a driving device, driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to descend and a detection platform to rotate simultaneously by the driving device, spirally scanning the calibration workpiece by the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, taking the full height of less than 40% of the penetrating wave height as a judgment standard for combining defects, comparing the area of the defect hole output by an ultrasonic flaw detection system with the real area of the defect hole after scanning, and calibrating the precision of equipment;
s6: taking down the calibration workpiece, replacing the workpiece to be detected with the calibration workpiece, adjusting the initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, starting the driving device, driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to descend and the detection platform to rotate simultaneously by the driving device, spirally scanning the workpiece to be detected by the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, and outputting a detection result of the workpiece to be detected by the ultrasonic flaw detection system after scanning.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides ultrasonic penetration detection equipment and a detection method for interface bonding defects of a multilayer metal sliding bearing, which can be used for automatically detecting workpieces of multilayer metals by adopting detection equipment, can accurately output the positions of the bonding defects and the areas of the bonding defects, have high detection efficiency and low interference of human factors, do not need to be provided with a large number of special probes and high-precision equipment, and reduce the detection cost. Meanwhile, the workpiece can be scanned spirally by a detection method matched with detection equipment, a combination defect judgment standard is provided, the method is suitable for the combination quality inspection of the flange-free bearing bush, the shaft sleeve, the thrust flange and the plane guide rail type rectangular sliding bearing with the copper back, the steel back and the alloy lining layer with the thickness of more than or equal to 0.3mm and the inner diameter Di of more than or equal to phi 40mm, and the applicability is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the drive of the present invention as a motor;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the drive of the present invention with two motors;
FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view of a positioning workpiece holder of the present invention;
in the figure: 10-liquid immersion of the ultrasonic probe; 20-a probe holder; 21-a horizontal mounting rack; 22-a vertical lifting frame; 23-lifting screw rod; 24-a guide bar; 25-scale bar; 26-screws; 27-a lead screw mounting seat; 30-liquid containing box; 31-a detection station; 32-positioning the workpiece holder; 40-a drive device; 41-main motor; 42-a first synchronizing wheel; 43-a first synchronization belt; 44-waterproof bearings; 45-a second synchronizing wheel; 46-a second synchronous belt; 47-a third synchronizing wheel; 48-a coupler; 49-screw motor; 50-a frame; 60-magnetic nails; 70-workpiece.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1 to 3, an ultrasonic penetration detection apparatus for a multilayer metal bearing interface bonding defect includes an ultrasonic inspection system, a mechanical scanning mechanism, and at least one set of liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 connected to the ultrasonic inspection system, where the mechanical scanning mechanism includes a probe holder 20 vertically fixed on one side of a rack 50, and a transmission device is fixed on the probe holder 20; the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 moves up and down or moves horizontally relative to the transmission device; a liquid containing box 30 is fixed inside the machine frame 50, a detection table 31 is movably fixed in the liquid containing box 30, a positioning workpiece frame 32 for positioning and clamping a workpiece 70 is relatively fixed on the detection table 31, and a driving device 40 for driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 to move up and down and driving the detection table 31 to rotate around the central axis thereof is connected on the detection table 31 and the transmission device.
In this embodiment, the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe, the transmitting probe and the receiving probe are symmetrically located on two sides of the workpiece 70 and perpendicular to the side wall of the workpiece 70, the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 is connected with the ultrasonic flaw detection system and transmits flaw detection data, and multiple groups of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probes 10 can be arranged according to the height of the workpiece 70 to improve the detection efficiency. In the implementation of the detection, firstly, a proper positioning workpiece rack 32 and a proper liquid immersion ultrasonic probe are selected according to the model size of the workpiece 70 to be detected, the positioning workpiece rack 32 and the detection platform 31 are fixed in a clamping mode through bolts, rivets or limit grooves, the workpiece 70 is installed on the positioning workpiece rack 32, the position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 is adjusted to enable the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to be located on two sides above the workpiece 70, then the ultrasonic flaw detection system and the mechanical scanning mechanism are started, the driving device drives the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 32 to descend, and simultaneously drives the detection platform 31 to rotate. The liquid containing box 30 contains a coupling agent for assisting ultrasonic waves to penetrate the cross section of the workpiece 70 and effectively transmit wave energy. With the descending of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 32 and the rotation of the workpiece 70, the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 32 performs spiral probing on the workpiece 70, and because the ultrasonic energy at the defect is attenuated, if the full-width height of the penetration wave is found to be smaller than a certain standard, the interface structure of the workpiece 70 is indicated to have defects, so that the automatic and accurate detection of the workpiece 70 can be realized, and the interference of artificial factors is avoided.
Further, the transmission device comprises screw rod mounting seats 27 fixed on the probe frame 20 and the rack 50, lifting screw rods 23 are connected between the screw rod mounting seats 27, vertical lifting frames 22 are connected onto the lifting screw rods 23, horizontal mounting frames 21 are adjustably fixed on the vertical lifting frames 22 in the horizontal direction, and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probes 10 are fixed at the bottom ends of the horizontal mounting frames 21.
The horizontal mounting frame 21 is detachably fixed with the vertical lifting frame 22 through a screw 26, so that the horizontal relative displacement of the horizontal mounting frame 21 and the workpiece 70 can be adjusted, and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 32 can be aligned to the workpiece 70 conveniently.
Further, a scale 25 is arranged on the surface of the probe holder 20 along the vertical direction, and a pointer perpendicular to the scale 25 is fixed on the surface of the vertical lifting frame 22 close to the probe holder 20. The scale 25 is used for indicating the lifting height of the vertical lifting frame 22 on the lifting screw rod 23, and the vertical height of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 from the workpiece 70 can be conveniently and visually adjusted.
Furthermore, a vertical guide rod 24 is fixed on the probe frame 20, and the vertical lifting frame 22 is movably fixed on the guide rod 24. The guide rod 24 is used for guiding the vertical lifting frame 22, so that the vertical lifting frame 22 can be lifted stably.
Further, a rotating shaft penetrating through the bottom surface of the liquid containing box 30 is fixed on the bottom surface of the detection table 31, and the rotating shaft is connected with the inner wall of the bottom surface of the liquid containing box 30 in a sealing manner through a waterproof bearing 44. The waterproof bearing 44 is connected between the liquid containing box 30 and the detection platform 31, so that the coupling agent in the liquid containing box 30 can be prevented from leaking, and the rotating shaft extends out of the liquid containing box 30 and is convenient to be connected with a driving device.
Further, the driving device 40 comprises one or two motors, when one motor is used, the motor is fixed on the frame 50, and the output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft and the lifting screw 23 through a synchronous belt pulley and a synchronous belt; when the number of the motors is two, one of the motors is fixed on the frame 50, the output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a synchronous belt pulley and a synchronous belt, and the other motor is fixed on the probe frame 20 and is in transmission connection with the lifting screw rod 23 through a coupler 48.
When only one motor is provided, the motor comprises a main motor 41, the main motor 41 is fixed in the rack 50, a first synchronizing wheel 42 is fixed at the end of the screw rod lifting screw rod 23, a second synchronizing wheel 45 is fixed on a rotating shaft of the detection table 31, a third synchronizing wheel 47 is fixed on an output shaft of the main motor 41, the first synchronizing wheel 42 is connected with the second synchronizing wheel 45 through a first synchronizing belt 43, and the second synchronizing wheel 45 is in transmission connection with the third synchronizing wheel 47 through a second synchronizing belt 46. Therefore, when the main motor 41 rotates, the lifting screw 23 and the rotating shaft of the detecting table 31 are driven to rotate simultaneously, so that the vertical lifting frame 22 can be lifted up and down and the workpiece 70 on the detecting table 31 can be rotated. The proportion of the rotation speed of the detection table 31 and the lifting speed of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the synchronous wheel.
When the number of the motors is two, the two motors comprise a main motor 41 and a screw rod motor 49, a second synchronous wheel 45 is fixed on a rotating shaft of the detection table 31, a third synchronous wheel 47 is fixed on an output shaft of the main motor 41, the second synchronous wheel 45 is in transmission connection with the third synchronous wheel 47 through a second synchronous belt 46, and the screw rod motor 49 is fixed at the end part of the lifting screw rod 23 and is connected with the lifting screw rod 23 through a coupler 48, so that the main motor 41 and the screw rod motor 49 can respectively drive the rotating shaft of the detection table 31 to rotate and the lifting screw rod 23 to rotate. The proportion of the rotation speed of the detection table 31 and the lifting speed of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 is adjusted by adjusting the running frequency of the two motors
Furthermore, the outer diameter of the surface of the positioning workpiece holder 32 contacting the workpiece 70 is the same as the outer diameter of the workpiece 70, and the inner diameter is 2-5 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the workpiece 70, and a chamfer having the same chamfer angle with the outer circle of the workpiece 70 and the width 1.5-3 times of the outer chamfer width of the workpiece 70 is arranged at the contact end of the positioning workpiece holder 32 and the workpiece 70, so that the positioning workpiece holder is used for positioning the workpiece 70 and preventing the workpiece 70 from being damaged. And the magnetic nails 60 with the height of 3-8 mm and the diameter of 3-5 mm are uniformly embedded in the circumferential direction of the end face of the positioning workpiece frame 32, which is in contact with the workpiece 70, and the magnetic nails 60 are 0.5-2 mm higher than the end face of the positioning workpiece frame 32, so that the magnetic nails 60 can adsorb the workpiece 70 to enhance the stability of the workpiece 70 during rotation because the workpiece 70 is a metal piece.
Further, the height of the positioning workpiece holder 32 is at least 15mm greater than the diameter of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10, so that the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 can be lowered below the workpiece 70, the workpiece 70 can be comprehensively detected, and the detection omission is avoided.
A detection method of ultrasonic penetration detection equipment for interface bonding defects of a multilayer metal bearing comprises the following steps:
s1: screening a workpiece to be detected with the roughness meeting the requirement and the surface being free of defects, wherein the surface of the workpiece to be detected does not have local depressions and protrusions which influence defect judgment, the surface roughness of the alloy layer and the backing of the workpiece to be detected is less than or equal to Ra3.2, and the surface roughness of the mounting surface during inspection is less than or equal to Ra6.3; selecting comparison workpieces with the same specification and qualified detection, and cleaning and wiping the workpieces to be detected and the comparison workpieces;
s2: selecting a corresponding positioning workpiece frame 32 according to the type of the workpiece to be detected, fixing the positioning workpiece frame 32 on the detection table 31, and clamping the defect-free comparison workpiece on the positioning workpiece frame 32;
s3: starting the ultrasonic flaw detection system and the mechanical scanning mechanism, and adjusting the installation position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 to enable the focal point of the transmitting probe of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 to be located on the metal bonding layer of the comparison workpiece, and enabling the wave crest received by the receiving probe of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 to be located in a preset gate of the ultrasonic flaw detection system;
s4: manually rotating the detection table 31, searching for a good combination area penetrating through the wave height of the workpiece by detecting through the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10, and adjusting the gain of the ultrasonic flaw detection system to enable the ultrasonic penetration wave height of the good combination area to reach the full-width height of more than 80%, so as to be used as detection sensitivity;
in order to further calibrate the detection accuracy, a calibration workpiece with the same specification can be replaced after the workpiece is compared, the calibration workpiece is provided with a plurality of artificial defect holes with different sizes and diameters of 1-18 mm, the artificial defect holes are clearly wiped and then placed on a positioning workpiece frame 32 to be clamped, then the initial position of a liquid immersion ultrasonic probe is adjusted, a driving device is started, the driving device simultaneously drives the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to descend and a detection table to rotate, the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe spirally scans the calibration workpiece, the full-width height of less than 40% of penetrating wave is used as a judgment standard for combined defects, the area of the defect holes output by an ultrasonic flaw detection system and the real area of the defect holes are compared after scanning is finished, and the equipment accuracy is calibrated.
S5: taking down the comparison workpiece or the calibration workpiece, replacing the comparison workpiece or the calibration workpiece with the workpiece to be detected, adjusting the initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10, starting the driving device 40, driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10 to descend and the detection table 31 to rotate simultaneously by the driving device 40, spirally scanning the workpiece to be detected by the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe 10, outputting a detection result of the workpiece to be detected by the ultrasonic flaw detection system after scanning is finished, and if the height of a penetrating wave is not less than 40% of the full-width height, ensuring that the bonding layer of the workpiece to be detected is good.
The workpieces in the embodiment are a flange-free bearing bush, a shaft sleeve, a thrust flange and a plane guide rail type rectangular sliding bearing, wherein the thicknesses of the copper back, the steel back and the alloy lining layer are more than or equal to 0.3mm, and the inner diameter Di is more than or equal to phi 40 mm.
The method takes the bearing bush as an example to detect the strength of the bonding layer of the bearing bush, adopts single motor drive, and comprises the following detection steps:
s1: and (5) checking and cleaning the surface of the bearing bush to be detected. Inspecting the surface of the bearing to be detected, and avoiding local depressions and bulges influencing defect judgment; the roughness of the surface of the alloy layer and the surface of the backing is less than or equal to Ra3.2; the surface roughness of the mounting surface is less than or equal to Ra6.3 during inspection; the bearing to be inspected should be cleaned and wiped.
S2: selecting a proper positioning workpiece frame according to the size of the bearing bush to be detected and fixing the workpiece frame on a detection platform,
s3: placing the bearing bushes without defects of the same specification on a positioning workpiece frame;
s4: installing and debugging a liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, starting an ultrasonic flaw detection system and a mechanical scanning mechanism, and respectively installing and debugging a liquid immersion focusing transmitting probe and a receiving probe, so that the focus of the liquid immersion focusing transmitting probe is on a bearing bush metal joint surface, and the wave crest of the receiving probe is on a selected position;
s5: and adjusting the sensitivity, manually rotating the detection table after the position of the probe is adjusted, searching for a moderate point with the wave-transmitting height of the bearing bush, and adjusting the gain to enable the wave-transmitting height at the position to reach the full-width height of more than 80%.
S6: and (3) mounting the workpiece, taking down the flawless bearing bushes with the same specification, and putting the two bearing bushes on the positioning workpiece frame in pair to form a circle.
S7: and arranging a starting position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe and a driving device, enabling the starting position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to be higher than the two ends of the bearing bush by a focusing diameter, descending the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe by a distance of one focusing diameter every circle of rotation of the bearing bush, starting inspection equipment, driving the workpiece and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to move in a coordinated manner, and scanning the workpiece.
S8: and outputting a detection result after scanning is finished. If the region with the penetrating wave height less than 40% of the full-width height exists in the detection, the workpiece is judged to have bonding defects.
Because the initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe is higher than the two ends of the bearing bush by a focusing diameter, the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe can carry out a complete circle of detection on the bearing bush when the bearing bush rotates for a circle.
The shaft sleeve is taken as an example to detect the bonding strength of the shaft sleeve, and double-motor drive is selected.
The detection steps are as follows:
s1: and (5) checking and cleaning the surface of the shaft sleeve to be detected. Inspecting the surface of the sleeve bearing to be detected, and avoiding local depressions and bulges influencing defect judgment; the roughness of the surface of the alloy layer and the surface of the backing is less than or equal to Ra3.2; the surface roughness of the mounting surface is less than or equal to Ra6.3 during inspection; the shaft sleeve to be tested should be cleaned and wiped.
S2: selecting a proper positioning workpiece frame according to the size of the shaft sleeve to be detected and fixing the workpiece frame on a detection table,
s3: placing the flawless shaft sleeves with the same specification on a positioning workpiece frame;
s4: installing and debugging a liquid immersion ultrasonic probe, starting an ultrasonic flaw detection system and a mechanical scanning mechanism, and respectively installing and debugging a liquid immersion focusing transmitting probe and a receiving probe, so that the focus of the liquid immersion focusing transmitting probe is on a bearing bush metal joint surface, and the wave crest of the receiving probe is on a selected position;
s5: and adjusting the sensitivity, manually rotating the detection table after the position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe is adjusted, searching for a proper point with the high penetrating wave of the shaft sleeve, and adjusting the gain to enable the height of the penetrating wave at the position to reach more than 80 percent, so that the position is used as the detection sensitivity.
S6: and (5) mounting a workpiece, taking down the defect-free shaft sleeve with the same specification, and placing the shaft sleeve to be detected on a positioning workpiece frame.
S7: and arranging an initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe and a driving device, enabling the initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to be higher than the two ends of the shaft sleeve by a focusing diameter, descending the probe by a distance of three quarters of the focusing diameter every time the shaft sleeve rotates by one circle, starting inspection equipment, driving the shaft sleeve and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe to move in a coordinated manner, and scanning the workpiece.
S8: and outputting a detection result after scanning is finished.
The result output by the ultrasonic flaw detection system is a plane expansion two-dimensional graph, the penetrating wave height full-amplitude height value of the ultrasonic wave is marked by adopting different colors, and the defect position and the defect range of the workpiece are visually displayed.
The device and the method are suitable for the quality inspection of the combination of the flange-free bearing bush, the shaft sleeve, the thrust flange and the plane guide rail type rectangular sliding bearing with the copper back, the steel back and the alloy lining layer with the thickness of more than or equal to 0.3mm and the inner diameter Di of more than or equal to phi 40mm, have wide detection range, can realize real-time ultrasonic nondestructive detection, have high efficiency, low cost, simple and convenient operation and low influence of human factors, and have prominent substantive features and remarkable progress.
Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application; all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (9)
1. The ultrasonic penetration detection equipment for the interface combination defects of the multilayer metal bearing comprises an ultrasonic flaw detection system, a mechanical scanning mechanism and at least one group of liquid immersion ultrasonic probes (10) connected with the ultrasonic flaw detection system, and is characterized in that the mechanical scanning mechanism comprises a probe frame (20) vertically fixed on one side of a rack (50), and a transmission device is fixed on the probe frame (20); the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) moves up and down or horizontally relative to the transmission device; the ultrasonic detection device is characterized in that a liquid containing box (30) is fixed inside the rack (50), a detection table (31) is movably fixed in the liquid containing box (30), a positioning workpiece frame (32) used for positioning and clamping workpieces is relatively fixed on the detection table (31), and a driving device (40) used for driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) to move up and down and driving the detection table (31) to rotate around the central axis of the detection table (31) is connected to the detection table (31) and a transmission device.
2. The ultrasonic penetration detection equipment for the interface bonding defects of the multilayer metal bearing according to claim 1, wherein the transmission device comprises screw rod installation seats (27) fixed on the probe frame (20) and the machine frame (50), lifting screw rods (23) are connected between the screw rod installation seats (27), vertical lifting frames (22) are connected on the lifting screw rods (23), horizontal installation frames (21) are adjustably fixed on the vertical lifting frames (22) in the horizontal direction, and the liquid immersion ultrasonic probes (10) are fixed at the bottom ends of the horizontal installation frames (21).
3. The ultrasonic penetration detection device for the interface bonding defects of the multilayer metal bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a scale (25) is arranged on the surface of the probe holder (20) along the vertical direction, and a pointer perpendicular to the scale (25) is fixed on the surface of the vertical lifting frame (22) close to the probe holder (20).
4. The ultrasonic penetration testing device for the interface bonding defects of the multilayer metal bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a vertical guide rod (24) is further fixed on the probe frame (20), and the vertical lifting frame (22) is movably fixed on the guide rod (24).
5. The ultrasonic penetration detection device for the interface bonding defects of the multilayer metal bearing according to claim 2, wherein a rotating shaft penetrating through the bottom surface of the liquid containing box (30) is fixed on the bottom surface of the detection table (31), and the rotating shaft is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the bottom surface of the liquid containing box (30) through a waterproof bearing (44).
6. The ultrasonic penetration detection device for the interface bonding defects of the multilayer metal bearing according to claim 5, wherein the driving device (40) comprises one or two motors, when one motor is adopted, the motor is fixed on the frame (50), and the output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft and the lifting screw rod (23) through a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt; when the number of the motors is two, one of the motors is fixed on the rack (50), an output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a synchronous belt wheel and a synchronous belt, and the other motor is fixed on the probe frame (20) and is in transmission connection with the lifting screw rod (23) through a coupler (48).
7. The ultrasonic penetration detection device for the interface bonding defects of the multilayer metal bearing according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the positioning workpiece holder (32) is the same as the outer diameter of the workpiece, the inner diameter of the positioning workpiece holder is smaller than the inner diameter of the workpiece, a plurality of magnetic nails (60) for adsorbing the workpiece are uniformly embedded in the circumferential direction of the end face of the positioning workpiece holder (32) contacting with the workpiece, and the magnetic nails (60) are higher than the end face of the positioning workpiece holder (32).
8. The ultrasonic penetration inspection apparatus for interfacial bonding defects of multilayer metal bearings according to claim 7, wherein said positioning work holder (32) height is at least 15mm greater than the diameter of said liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10).
9. A detection method of ultrasonic penetration detection equipment for interface bonding defects of a multilayer metal bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: screening workpieces to be detected with the roughness meeting the requirements and having no defects on the surfaces, selecting comparison workpieces with the same specification and qualified detection and calibration workpieces with a plurality of artificial defect holes with different sizes of 1-18 mm in diameter, and cleaning and wiping the workpieces to be detected, the comparison workpieces and the calibration workpieces;
s2: selecting a corresponding positioning workpiece frame (32) according to the type of the workpiece to be detected, fixing the positioning workpiece frame to a detection table (31), and clamping a comparison workpiece on the positioning workpiece frame (32);
s3: starting an ultrasonic flaw detection system and a mechanical scanning mechanism, and adjusting the installation position of a liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) to ensure that a focal point of a transmitting probe of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) is positioned on a metal bonding layer of a comparison workpiece, and a wave crest received by a receiving probe of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) is positioned in a preset gate of the ultrasonic flaw detection system;
s4: manually rotating the detection table (31), searching for a good combination area which is penetrated by the wave height of the workpiece to be compared through detection of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10), and adjusting the gain of the ultrasonic flaw detection system to enable the ultrasonic penetration wave height at the good combination area to reach the full-width height of more than 80 percent, so as to be used as detection sensitivity;
s5: taking down the comparison workpiece, replacing the comparison workpiece with a calibration workpiece, adjusting the initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10), starting the driving device (40), driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) to descend and the detection table (31) to rotate simultaneously by the driving device (40), spirally scanning the calibration workpiece by the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10), taking the full-width height of less than 40% of the penetrating wave height as a judgment standard for combining defects, comparing the area of the defect hole output by the ultrasonic flaw detection system with the real area of the defect hole after scanning is finished, and calibrating the precision of equipment;
s6: taking down the calibration workpiece, replacing the calibration workpiece with the workpiece to be detected, adjusting the initial position of the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10), starting the driving device (40), driving the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10) to descend and the detection platform (31) to rotate simultaneously by the driving device (40), spirally scanning the workpiece to be detected by the liquid immersion ultrasonic probe (10), and outputting a detection result of the workpiece to be detected by the ultrasonic flaw detection system after scanning.
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