CN110849312B - Resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and method - Google Patents
Resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110849312B CN110849312B CN201911185925.7A CN201911185925A CN110849312B CN 110849312 B CN110849312 B CN 110849312B CN 201911185925 A CN201911185925 A CN 201911185925A CN 110849312 B CN110849312 B CN 110849312B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/042—Calibration or calibration artifacts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resonant dynamic strain calibration device and method, and belongs to the field of measurement and testing. The invention discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration device which comprises an excitation source, a resonance beam, a laser interferometer, a numerical control micro-displacement mechanism, a data acquisition system and a data processing system. The resonance beam is arranged on the excitation source to form a dynamic strain excitation system, and the laser interferometer is connected with the data acquisition system and the data processing system to be used as a standard dynamic strain measurement system. The invention also discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and a method, wherein the strain gauge is arranged on the calibration device on the basis, the dynamic strain gauge is subjected to laser interference measurement as a means, the dynamic strain gauge is calculated by fitting a deformation curve in the vertical direction of the beam surface, then the second derivative of the fitted curve is obtained to calculate the dynamic strain, and the dynamic calibration of the strain gauge is realized by comparing the standard dynamic strain with the output of the strain gauge. The invention is suitable for tracing the dynamic strain of the resonant beam in any structural form.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic strain calibration device and method based on a resonant beam, in particular to a device for generating high-frequency large-amplitude dynamic strain and dynamically calibrating a strain gauge, and belongs to the field of measurement and testing.
Background
Dynamic strain testing is an important tool in structural design, manufacturing and health monitoring. The accurate and reliable dynamic strain measurement data has important significance for judging the reliability of the structure, determining the resonance point of the structure and detecting the damage of the structure. In the field of dynamic strain testing, strain gauges such as strain gauges and fiber gratings are widely used for being stuck on the surface of a tested structure to obtain strain information of the structure. In order to ensure the accuracy of the strain gauge test, the strain gauge test needs to be dynamically calibrated.
At present, a static strain calibration device is generally adopted, and the static characteristics of the strain gauge, such as repeatability, hysteresis error and the like, can be calibrated. There is no mature method for dynamic calibration of strain gauges, and the main problems are that it is difficult to generate a dynamic strain excitation signal for calibration, and that the dynamic strain is difficult to trace. The invention is characterized in that a resonant beam mode is adopted to generate high-frequency large-amplitude sinusoidal strain, and a laser interferometer and a micro-displacement platform are combined to realize scanning measurement of displacement of the beam in the vertical direction, thereby calculating strain values of each point on the resonant beam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and a resonance type dynamic strain calibration method, which aim to solve the technical problems that: and the dynamic calibration of the strain gauge with high frequency and large amplitude is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration device which comprises an excitation source, a resonance beam, a laser interferometer, a numerical control micro-displacement mechanism, a data acquisition system and a data processing system. The resonance beam is arranged on the excitation source to form a dynamic strain excitation system, and the laser interferometer is connected with the data acquisition system and the data processing system to be used as a standard dynamic strain measurement system. On the basis of the above, the strain gauge is mounted on a calibration device, and the dynamic calibration of the strain gauge is realized by comparing the standard dynamic strain with the output of the strain gauge.
Preferably, the resonant dynamic strain calibration device comprises a series of resonant beams of different materials and structural dimensions, each resonant beam having a different first order resonant frequency. The resonance beam is a rectangular beam with equal cross section or an equal strength beam, and the resonance beam adopts a symmetrical structure to ensure the balance of vibration load.
Preferably, the center of the resonant beam is firmly attached to the excitation source. And scanning the displacement of different positions of the upper surface of the measuring beam in the vertical direction by adopting a dynamic displacement measuring system. The response frequency of the dynamic displacement measurement system is more than 100 times greater than the sinusoidal strain frequency.
Preferably, the dynamic displacement measuring system is a laser vibrometer, a laser interferometer or a laser displacement sensor. The dynamic displacement measurement system is arranged on the high-accuracy displacement mechanism to realize scanning measurement of displacement along the upper surface of the resonant beam.
The invention discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration method, which is realized based on the resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the vibration frequency f and amplitude of a vibration exciter; the resonance beam is in a stable resonance state through the vibration exciter; the vibration frequency f is at f1(1 ± 0.5%) at a certain point in the frequency range.
Step two, selecting N measuring points at equal intervals on the surface of the resonance beam along the axial direction of the beam, wherein the coordinate of each measuring point is XnWherein N is 1 to N; and sequentially scanning each measuring point by a laser vibration meter to obtain a time and beam displacement relation curve W (f (t)) of each point in the vertical direction. The measurement requirements of each point are: continuously measuring at one point, wherein the sampling frequency is more than 100 times of the vibration frequency, the measurement time is more than 10 vibration cycles, continuously acquiring M displacement data, and performing sine fitting on the M displacement data to obtain a time displacement curve Wn=AnSin(2πft+θn). . Wherein, WnIs the vertical coordinate of the nth measuring point at time t, AnIs the vibration amplitude, t is the time, f is the vibration frequency, θnThe vibration phase.
Step three, according to the deflection state (X) of each measuring point obtained in the step twon,An) And obtaining a peak deflection curve of the surface of the resonance beam by adopting cubic spline interpolation or polynomial fitting:
wherein Y (x) is a deflection value at the x position of the abscissa, and x is the distance from any point on the resonant beam to the fixed end of the resonant beam along the axial direction; r isiAnd p is a fitting order, and X is a coordinate at the end point of the resonant beam.
Step four, converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve:
where h is half the thickness of the resonant beam and d2Y(x)/dx2Denotes the second derivative of y (x) with respect to x.
Step five, the standard strain of the resonance beam calibration area is:
ε(t)=-εmax(Xs)sin(2πft+β) (3)
wherein XsFor calibrating the abscissa, epsilon, of the center point of the areamax(Xs) Is XsAt the strain peak, β is the initial phase of the resonant beam vibration.
The strain gauge to be calibrated is placed in the resonant beam calibration area, and the output value of the strain gauge to be calibrated is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and method, and provides a dynamic strain calibration method based on a resonance beam structure aiming at a dynamic strain gauge, so that high-frequency large-amplitude dynamic strain calibration is realized.
2. The invention discloses a resonance type dynamic strain calibration device and a resonance type dynamic strain calibration method, which take laser interferometry as a means, calculate dynamic strain by a method of fitting a deformation curve in the vertical direction of the surface of a beam and then solving a second derivative of the fitted curve, and are suitable for tracing the dynamic strain of a resonance beam in any structural form.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the structure of the present invention.
An excitation source-1; a resonant beam-2; a laser interferometer-3; a data processing system-4; a numerical control micro-displacement table-5, a calibrated strain gauge-6, a strain demodulator-7 and a data acquisition system-8.
Fig. 2 is a constant section beam used in the case of the present invention, in which fig. 2(a) is a front view and fig. 2(b) is a sectional view a-a.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, in the resonant dynamic strain calibration device disclosed in this embodiment, a constant cross-section beam 2 with a first-order natural frequency of 800Hz is selected, and the specific structural dimensions refer to fig. 2 in the specification. The resonant beam 2 is firmly mounted on the excitation source 1. The strain-to-be-calibrated gauge 5 is attached to the lower surface of the resonant beam 2, and the strain demodulator 6 is connected to the strain-to-be-calibrated gauge 5. The laser interferometer 4 is erected on the numerical control micro-displacement platform 3, and laser beams are adjusted to scan and measure the upper surface of the resonant beam 2. The output signals of the strain demodulator 6 and the laser interferometer 4 are respectively connected to a data acquisition system 7, and then a data processing system 8 analyzes the calibration result.
In the calibration process, the excitation source is started, the excitation frequency of the excitation source is set to be 800Hz of the natural frequency of the resonant beam 2, and the resonant beam 2 is excited to resonate. Setting the laser interferometer 4 to scan and measure the upper surface of the resonant beam 2, measuring the displacement of the upper surface of the resonant beam 2 in the vertical direction, synchronously acquiring output signals of the laser interferometer 4 and the strain demodulator 6 by the data acquisition system 7, analyzing the output signals by the data processing system 8, and finally obtaining the amplitude-frequency characteristic and the phase-frequency characteristic of the strain gauge
The resonant dynamic strain calibration method disclosed in this embodiment is implemented based on the resonant dynamic strain calibration device, and specifically includes the following steps:
step one, starting a vibration exciter to enable the constant-strength resonant beam 2 to be in a stable vibration state, wherein the vibration frequency is 800 Hz.
And step two, starting the scanning type laser vibration meter, setting 50 measuring points on the upper surface of the uniform-section cantilever beam 2 at equal intervals, setting the measuring frequency to be 200kHz, and setting the sampling time length to be 1s each time, namely measuring 800 vibration periods.
Let the transverse coordinate of the measuring point be XpWherein p is a positive integer of 1000 or less. The displacement measurement time length of the continuous measurement point p in the vertical direction is 1 s. Obtaining displacement and time relation curve Wp=ApSin (1600 pi t + theta) and obtaining the vibration amplitude (W) of each pointp,Ap) And (4) series.
Xp(mm) | 108 | 107 | 106 | 105 | 104 | 103 | 102 | 101 | 100 | 99 |
Wp(μm) | 294.3 | 290.5 | 286.7 | 283.0 | 279.2 | 275.4 | 271.6 | 267.9 | 264.1 | 260.3 |
Xp(mm) | 98 | 97 | 96 | 95 | 94 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 90 | 89 |
Wp(μm) | 256.5 | 252.8 | 249.0 | 245.2 | 241.5 | 237.7 | 234.0 | 230.2 | 226.5 | 222.7 |
Xp(mm) | 88 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 79 |
Wp(μm) | 219.0 | 215.3 | 211.5 | 207.8 | 204.1 | 200.4 | 196.7 | 193.0 | 189.3 | 185.7 |
Xp(mm) | 78 | 77 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 69 |
Wp(μm) | 182.0 | 178.4 | 174.7 | 171.1 | 167.5 | 163.9 | 160.3 | 156.7 | 153.2 | 149.7 |
Xp(mm) | 68 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 59 |
Wp(μm) | 146.2 | 142.7 | 139.2 | 135.7 | 132.3 | 128.9 | 125.5 | 122.1 | 118.8 | 115.5 |
Step three, fitting by adopting a polynomial of degree 5, since (W) is knownp,Ap) And the position deflection peak state corresponding to the abscissa x of any position on the beam is Y (x):
Y(x)=ax5+bx4+cx3+dx2+ex+f (4)
wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are fitting coefficients, and a is 2.596; b-0.372, c-0.150, d-0.042, e-5 × 10-5,f=-6×10-7And then, the result is obtained by fitting.
Step four, converting to obtain a peak value strain curve of the cantilever beam:
step five, the standard strain of the resonance beam calibration area is:
ε(x,t)=(51.92x3-4.464x2+0.9x+0.048)×0.006×sin(1600πt+β) (6)
and comparing the standard strain value with the measurement value of the strain gauge to realize the calibration of the strain gauge.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A resonant dynamic strain calibration device, characterized in that: the device comprises an excitation source (1), a resonance beam (2), a laser interferometer (3), a numerical control micro-displacement mechanism (5), a data acquisition system (8) and a data processing system (4); the resonant beam (2) is arranged on the excitation source (1) to form a dynamic strain excitation system, and the laser interferometer (3) is connected with the data acquisition system (8) and the data processing system (4) to be used as a standard dynamic strain measurement system; installing the strain gauge on a calibration device, and realizing dynamic calibration of the strain gauge by comparing the standard dynamic strain with the output of the strain gauge;
the testing method based on the resonance type dynamic strain calibration device comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the vibration frequency f and amplitude of a vibration exciter; the resonance beam (2) is in a stable resonance state through the vibration exciter; the vibration frequency f is at f1A certain point in the frequency range, f1The frequency range of (1) ± 0.5%;
secondly, N measuring points with equal intervals are selected on the surface of the resonant beam (2) along the axial direction of the beam, and the coordinate of each measuring point is XnWherein N is 1 to N; scanning each measuring point in sequence by a laser vibration meter to obtain a time and beam displacement relation curve W (f (t)) of each point in the vertical direction; the measurement requirements of each point are: continuously measuring at one point, wherein the sampling frequency is more than 100 times of the vibration frequency, the measurement time is more than 10 vibration cycles, continuously acquiring M displacement data, and performing sine fitting on the M displacement data to obtain a time displacement curve Wn=AnSin(2πft+θn) (ii) a Wherein, WnIs the vertical coordinate of the nth measuring point at time t, AnIs the vibration amplitude, t is the time, f is the vibration frequency, θnIs the vibration phase;
step three, according to the deflection state (X) of each measuring point obtained in the step twon,An) And obtaining a peak deflection curve of the surface of the resonant beam (2) by adopting cubic spline interpolation or polynomial fitting:
wherein Y (x) is a deflection value at the x position of the abscissa, and x is the distance from any point on the resonance beam (2) to the fixed end of the resonance beam (2) along the axial direction; r isiIs a fitting coefficient, p is a fitting order, and X is a coordinate of the endpoint of the resonance beam (2);
step four, converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve:
wherein h is half of the thickness of the resonant beam (2), d2Y(x)/dx2Denotes the second derivative of y (x) with respect to x;
step five, the standard strain of the calibration area of the resonance beam (2) is:
ε(t)=-εmax(Xs)sin(2πft+β) (3)
wherein XsFor calibrating the abscissa, epsilon, of the center point of the areamax(Xs) Is XsThe strain peak value is, and beta is the initial phase of the vibration of the resonant beam (2);
the strain gauge (6) to be calibrated is placed in the calibration area of the resonant beam (2), and the output value of the strain gauge (6) to be calibrated is compared with the standard strain value, namely, the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
2. A resonant dynamic strain calibration device as defined in claim 1, wherein: the resonance type dynamic strain calibration device comprises a series of resonance beams (2) made of different materials and in different structural sizes, wherein each resonance beam (2) has different first-order resonance frequencies; the resonant beam (2) is a rectangular beam with equal cross section or an equal strength beam, and the resonant beam (2) adopts a symmetrical structure to ensure the balance of vibration load.
3. A resonant dynamic strain calibration device as defined in claim 2, wherein: the center of the resonance beam (2) is firmly arranged on the excitation source (1); scanning the displacement of different positions of the upper surface of the measuring beam in the vertical direction by adopting a dynamic displacement measuring system; the response frequency of the dynamic displacement measurement system is more than 100 times greater than the sinusoidal strain frequency.
4. A resonant dynamic strain calibration device in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the dynamic displacement measurement system is a laser vibrometer, a laser interferometer (3) or a laser displacement sensor; the dynamic displacement measurement system is arranged on the high-accuracy displacement mechanism to realize scanning measurement of displacement along the upper surface of the resonant beam (2).
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CN111397525A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-10 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | Method, device and system for detecting flexible line of small cantilever beam |
CN112880629A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Strain sensor calibration device and calibration method |
CN114295097B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-01-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | High-temperature dynamic strain calibration device based on resonance beam |
CN114370845B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-11-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Resonant high-temperature dynamic strain calibration method |
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