CN110846231B - 一株产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌La-7及其应用 - Google Patents
一株产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌La-7及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110846231B CN110846231B CN201911220322.6A CN201911220322A CN110846231B CN 110846231 B CN110846231 B CN 110846231B CN 201911220322 A CN201911220322 A CN 201911220322A CN 110846231 B CN110846231 B CN 110846231B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株产漆酶真菌，命名为毛栓孔菌（Trametes hirsuta）La‑7，2019年09月27日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，菌种保藏编号为CGMCC No 5.2199，保藏地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。利用本发明的毛栓孔菌（Trametes hirsuta）La‑7发酵生产的胞外粗漆酶能有效的去除天然水体和畜禽粪便中17β‑雌二醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物领域，具体涉及一株产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌La-7及其应用。
背景技术
环境中类固醇雌激素主要来源于工业废水、畜禽废物和生活垃圾等，它们可以释放到天然水体和农田土壤中，进而引发野生动物和人群健康风险。类固醇雌激素进入动物和人体内，通过模拟、干扰或对抗生物体内分泌物质的合成、转运、代谢和释放，导致有机体内分泌失调和紊乱，从而破坏其对有机体的正常调节作用。近年来，研究者已经在我国地表水、地下水和农田土壤环境中频繁检测出雌酮、17β-雌二醇和17α-乙炔基雌二醇等类固醇雌激素。类固醇雌激素暴露在生态系统中严重威胁人类和动物的安全与健康。例如，17β-雌二醇在微量浓度不仅能够扰乱生物体内激素平衡、诱导雄鱼雌性化和生殖能力异常，也可以导致人体代谢紊乱并诱发癌症等疾病。因此，如何有效的去除环境中类固醇雌激素已经成为污染修复领域亟待解决的难点问题之一。
目前，主要采用臭氧氧化、化学降解、电解转化、芬顿试剂和紫外照射等高级氧化技术减低类固醇雌激素引发的健康风险与环境效应。这些技术可以有效的降低环境中高浓度污染的类固醇雌激素，但是无法去除低浓度污染的类固醇雌激素，且可能形成有毒转化产物，对环境造成二次污染。因此，利用生物修复技术规避环境中类固醇雌激素的污染风险逐渐引起了研究者广泛关注。产漆酶真菌是生态系统中普遍存在的一类微生物，其分泌的胞外漆酶不仅能够催化多种有机污染物氧化，也可以介导污染物参与腐殖化进程、增加环境中有机碳、氮储备。已知分泌漆酶的真菌主要集中在担子菌门、子囊菌门和半知菌类，其中最主要的是担子菌门的白腐真菌。
真菌漆酶属于蓝色胞外多铜氧化酶，其分子量为40-110KD，糖配基占整个分子10％-45％。真菌漆酶的催化核心通常包含4个铜离子(1个T1 Cu、1个T2 Cu和2个T3 Cu)，其中T2和T3 Cu共同构成漆酶的三核铜簇位点。在漆酶介导的氧化反应中，T1 Cu位点首先向底物分子提供1个电子，随后电子从还原性T1 Cu位点向T2和T3 Cu位点进行内部转移，最后在三核铜簇位点上将分子氧的4个电子还原成H2O。大量资料证实，真菌漆酶作为一种绿色催化剂，能够催化环境中类固醇雌激素的单电子氧化。该过程中单个分子氧被还原成2个分子H2O，4个底物分子被氧化形成4个相应的反应活性自由基中间体。随后这些自由基中间体在酶促反应位点外自发偶联，生成高分子C-C或C-O-C共价聚合产物。聚合产物的形成显著地降低了母体化合物的生态毒性，可通过后续沉淀和过滤工艺去除。
真菌漆酶介导有机污染物的自由基偶联反应是一种新型、绿色、环保的生态污染修复技术。与常规的化学氧化和生物降解思路相反，真菌漆酶介导类固醇雌激素单电子氧化形成的大分子偶联产物，不仅能够消除类固醇雌激素的生物毒性，也可以增加环境中有机碳、氮储备。此外，该反应过程中仅生成唯一的副产物H2O，具有反应条件温和、操作简单、经济环保和无二次污染等优点。因此，从环境中分离、筛选出产漆酶真菌，并通过优化其产漆酶的发酵培养工艺参数生产漆酶，对实现简单、高效、绿色的规避天然水体和畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇的污染风险具有重要的环境意义和广阔的产业前景。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题为：如何提供一株产漆酶真菌，并利用该真菌发酵生产的胞外粗漆酶去除天然水体和畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇。
本发明的技术方案为：
一株产漆酶真菌，命名为毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7，2019年09月27日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，菌种保藏编号为CGMCC No 5.2199，保藏地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7在生产漆酶上的应用。
毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7在降解17β-雌二醇上的应用。利用本发明的毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7发酵生产的胞外粗漆酶能有效的去除天然水体和畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇。
利用毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7生产胞外粗漆酶的方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将毛栓孔菌La-7接种于含有0.05％愈创木酚或0.5％单宁酸的固体培养基中，30℃静置培养7d；固体培养基配方为20g·L-1麦芽膏、10g·L-1葡萄糖、3g·L-1KH2PO4和18g·L-1琼脂，pH 5.2-5.4；
2)从步骤1)培养好的菌丝边缘切取直径为0.6cm的菌饼，接种于1L产漆酶液体发酵培养基中，pH 3，30℃、150r·min-1振荡培养3d；液体发酵培养基配方为20g·L-1麦芽膏、10g·L-1葡萄糖、3g·L-1KH2PO4，0.5mmol·L-1Cu2+；
3)将步骤2)得到的发酵液置于4℃、12,000r·min-1高速离心5min，获得胞外粗漆酶上清液；采用70％饱和硫酸铵在4℃、150r·min-1振荡24h沉淀得到粗漆酶。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明分离、筛选出一株产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7(CGMCCNo5.2199)。毛栓孔菌La-7在优化产漆酶液体发酵培养条件下，产漆酶活性高达65.43U·mL-1。将5U·mL-1浓缩粗漆酶添加到5μmol·L-117β-雌二醇污染的天然水体中(pH5)，25℃静置孵化2h后，其对17β-雌二醇的去除率高达94.44％；在200μg·kg-117β-雌二醇污染的猪粪中(5g猪粪，80％田间持水量，pH 5)加入4mL 10U·mL-1浓缩粗漆酶，每隔12h均匀搅拌一次，25℃孵化7d后，其对17β-雌二醇的去除率高达91.02％。
本发明提供的一株产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌La-7，可用于液体发酵生产粗漆酶。该发酵工艺具有生产成本低、操作简单和漆酶产量高等优点。利用毛栓孔菌La-7生产的胞外粗漆酶不仅能够高效的去除天然水体中17β-雌二醇，也可以直接用于去除猪粪中17β-雌二醇。该反应具有条件温和、催化效率高、绿色环保和无二次污染等特点，在实现污染水体治理、畜禽粪便无害化处理和资源化再利用等方面具有重要的环境意义和广阔的产业前景。
生物材料保藏信息
毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7，保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，地址为中国北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院，菌种保藏编号为CGMCC No 5.2199，保藏日期为2019年09月27日。
附图说明
图1产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌La-7的菌落和菌丝形态；
图2pH对毛栓孔菌La-7菌丝生长和漆酶产量的影响；
图3发酵工艺参数对毛栓孔菌La-7菌丝生长和漆酶产量的影响；
图4pH对毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶去除缓冲液中17β-雌二醇的影响；
图5毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶对天然水体中17β-雌二醇的去除效果；
图6毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶对畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇的去除效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1一株产漆酶真菌毛栓孔菌La-7的分离、筛选和鉴定
畜禽粪便污染的土壤样品采自安徽省安庆市潜山县前进养猪专业合作社排污口表层土壤(0-10cm)，土壤中17β-雌二醇的平均浓度为134.7μg·kg-1。称取2g新鲜土壤样品置于含有0.9％NaCl无菌水中剧烈振荡1-2min，促使真菌从土壤中游离出来。采用平板划线法，分离纯化土壤中可培养真菌。挑选长势较好的菌丝接种到含有0.05％愈创木酚的固体培养基上，30℃倒置培养4-8d，若菌落边缘出现红褐色，表明有漆酶产生，依据显色程度和显色圈直径大小初步判断其产漆酶能力；挑选产漆酶能力较高的真菌接种到含有0.5％单宁酸的固体培养基上，筛选出有褐色变色圈的菌株，经过反复接种获得具有稳定变色圈的产漆酶真菌。固体培养基配方为20g·L-1麦芽膏、10g·L-1葡萄糖、3g·L-1KH2PO4和18g·L-1琼脂，pH 5.2-5.4。
从猪粪污染的表层土壤中共分离、筛选出15株产漆酶真菌，其中菌株La-7接种在含有0.05％愈创木酚和0.5％单宁酸的固体培养基上分别出现明显地红褐色和褐色显色圈，且显色圈直径大小与接种时间呈线性相关性，线性增长率分别为0.88和1.02cm·d-1，表明菌株La-7具有产漆酶特性。菌株La-7的菌落呈白色，圆形，表面干燥，有丝状体和孢子，营养菌丝嵌入培养基中，不易挑起(图1)。采用CTAB法提取菌株La-7基因组DNA，以真菌通用引物进行PCR扩增。将菌株La-7的ITS-rDNA序列在GenBank数据库中进行比对(GenBank登录号：MK104139)，结果表明菌株La-7与多株Trametes hirsuta的序列相似性高达100％。结合该菌的形态学特征和ITS-rDNA序列同源性分析，初步将菌株La-7鉴定为毛栓孔菌。命名为毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)La-7，将该菌保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，菌种保藏编号为CGMCC No 5.2199，保藏日期为2019年09月27日。
实施例2毛栓孔菌La-7产漆酶的液体发酵培养条件优化
采用150mL三角瓶分装50mL产漆酶液体发酵培养基(pH 3-7)，接种直径为0.6cm的菌饼，30℃、150r·min-1振荡培养7d。在设定的培养时间间隔内，取5mL发酵液置于4℃、12,000r·min-1高速离心5min，所得上清液即为粗漆酶液。研究pH、温度、碳源、氮源和Cu2+离子浓度等单因素对毛栓孔菌La-7产漆酶能力的影响。采用紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-2550,Shimadzu,Japan)，通过氧化1mmol·L-12,6-二甲氧基苯酚(2,6-DMP)测定反应前后发酵液中漆酶活性变化，反应体系包含20μL粗漆酶液、3.4mL 10mmol·L-1柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液(C-PBS)和1mmol·L-1 2,6-DMP，比色波长设置为468nm。漆酶的活性单位定义为在468nm检测波长内，每分钟引起一个单元的漆酶变化量。C-PBS缓冲液配方为1.9214g·L-1柠檬酸和1.4196g·L-1Na2HPO4，pH 3.8。
结果如图2所示，当培养基中初始pH为3时，毛栓孔菌La-7生长良好且能够形成菌丝球。培养3d后，该菌产生的胞外漆酶活性达到最大值16.13U·mL-1。温度(15-45℃)、碳源(葡萄糖GL、麦芽糖MA、乳糖LA、蔗糖SU、果糖FR、可溶性淀粉SS)、氮源(麦芽膏ME、牛肉膏BE、蛋白胨PE、硝酸铵AN、硫酸铵AS、硝酸钾PN、尿素UR)和Cu2+离子浓度(0-5mmol·L-1)也能够显著地影响菌株La-7的胞外漆酶产量(图3)。当液体培养基中添加10g·L-1葡萄糖、20g·L-1麦芽膏、3g·L-1KH2PO4和0.5mmol·L-1Cu2+，初始pH调至3时，30℃、150r·min-1振荡培养3d后，发酵液中漆酶活性高达65.43U·mL-1。毛栓孔菌La-7产生的胞外粗漆酶液在4℃保存90d后仍能保持98.6％活性，证实毛栓孔菌La-7所产的胞外漆酶活性较稳定。
实施例3毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶去除缓冲液中17β-雌二醇
将毛栓孔菌La-7产漆酶发酵液置于4℃、12,000r·min-1高速离心5min，获得胞外粗漆酶上清液。采用盐析法初步分离、纯化粗漆酶液，在粗漆酶上清液中添加70％饱和硫酸铵，4℃、150r·min-1振荡24h沉淀粗漆酶，随后用超纯水将收集的沉淀物的酶活性调至200U·mL-1作为浓缩粗漆酶储备液，置于4℃冰箱保存备用。
通过批量平衡试验方法，研究pH对毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶去除实验体系中17β-雌二醇的影响。反应体系被构建在25mL玻璃反应器中，每个反应器包含5mL 10mmol·L-1C-PBS缓冲液和5μmol·L-117β-雌二醇。添加5U·mL-1浓缩粗漆酶，手动快速摇匀10s后，将反应器置于25℃避光静置孵化。定时向反应器中加入等体积色谱甲醇终止酶促反应。将猝灭的酶促反应液过0.22μm滤膜，用高效液相色谱(Waters HPLC)测定溶液中17β-雌二醇含量。HPLC系统配备Waters 600泵、Waters 2707自动进样器、Waters 2998光电二极管列阵检测器和Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm)。设定参数：流动相乙腈/水＝70/30，流速1mL·min-1，柱温40℃，进样量20μL，检测波长280nm，测定时间10min。结果如图4所示，毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶能够在酸性条件下(pH 4-6)有效的去除缓冲液中17β-雌二醇，其表观假一级动力学参数和半衰期分别为0.027-0.055min-1和25.86-12.67min。当pH为5时，毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶在120min内对17β-雌二醇的去除率高达99.31％。
实施例4毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶在去除天然水体和畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇的应用
采用安徽农业大学池塘水作为供试水样(初始pH为7.9)，将天然水样pH调至5并污染5μmol·L-117β-雌二醇。在20mL水样中添加5U·mL-1毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶，25℃静置孵化120min。在设定的反应时间间隔内，用等体积色谱甲醇终止酶促反应，通过HPLC测定溶液中17β-雌二醇残留量。同时，研究毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶催化运行次数对天然水体中17β-雌二醇去除的影响。以添加灭活的毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶水样作为空白对照。毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶对天然水体中17β-雌二醇的去除效果如图5所示。由图5可知，随着漆酶的催化循环运行次数从1次增加到3次，17β-雌二醇的去除率从94.44％降低为78.14％，其半衰期值从28.52min增加到50.97min。这些结果表明毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶可作为一种绿色催化剂，用于去除天然水体中17β-雌二醇。
采用合肥市某养殖场的猪粪作为供试畜禽粪便，将新鲜的猪粪样品冷冻干燥并研磨均匀后，污染200μg·kg-117β-雌二醇。称取5g雌激素污染的猪粪样品，添加4mL 10U·mL-1毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶(80％田间持水量)，置于25℃暗黑静置孵化7d，每隔12h均匀搅拌一次。在设定的反应时间间隔内，向1g冷冻干燥的猪粪样品中添加5mL丙酮和二氯甲烷的混合液(v/v＝1/1)，超声萃取30min提取17β-雌二醇。该步骤重复3次后，合并萃取液，并用5mL甲醇重组，过C18固相萃取柱。通过氮吹仪将5mL甲醇洗脱液浓缩至1mL，过0.22μm滤膜后，进行HPLC分析。以添加灭活的毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶处理组作为空白对照。结果表明，孵化7d后毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶对畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇的去除率高达91.02％，其动力学参数和半衰期分别为0.67d-1和1.03d(图6)。这些结果证实，毛栓孔菌La-7漆酶能够用于高效的去除畜禽粪便中17β-雌二醇。
Claims (4)
1. 一株产漆酶真菌，命名为毛栓孔菌（Trametes hirsuta）La-7，2019年09月27日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，菌种保藏编号为CGMCC No 5.2199，保藏地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
2.权利要求1所述的毛栓孔菌（Trametes hirsuta）La-7在生产漆酶上的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的毛栓孔菌（Trametes hirsuta）La-7在降解17β-雌二醇上的应用。
4.利用权利要求1所述的毛栓孔菌（Trametes hirsuta）La-7生产胞外粗漆酶的方法，包括以下步骤：
1）将毛栓孔菌La-7接种于含有0.05%愈创木酚或0.5%单宁酸的固体培养基中，30°C静置培养7 d；固体培养基配方为20 g·L-1麦芽膏、10 g·L-1葡萄糖、3 g·L-1 KH2PO4和18g·L-1琼脂，pH 5.2‒5.4；
2）从步骤1）培养好的菌丝边缘切取直径为0.6 cm的菌饼，接种于1 L产漆酶液体发酵培养基中，pH 3，30°C、150 r·min-1振荡培养3 d；液体发酵培养基配方为20 g·L-1麦芽膏、10 g·L-1葡萄糖、3 g·L-1 KH2PO4，0.5 mmol·L-1 Cu2+；
3）将步骤2）得到的发酵液置于4°C、12,000 r·min-1高速离心5 min，获得胞外粗漆酶上清液；采用70%饱和硫酸铵在4°C、150 r·min-1振荡24 h沉淀得到粗漆酶。
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