CN110843286B

CN110843286B - Fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and structure for special carriage

Info

Publication number: CN110843286B
Application number: CN201911155012.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴护林; 李忠盛; 黄安畏; 吴永鹏; 邱伟; 孙彩云; 舒露; 张静元
Original assignee: No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
Current assignee: No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
Priority date: 2019-11-22
Filing date: 2019-11-22
Publication date: 2022-02-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-22
Also published as: CN110843286A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and a structure for a special carriage, which are characterized in that a fireproof heat-preservation layer (1), a carriage or shelter body steel plate (2) and a heat-preservation layer (3) are sequentially arranged from the outside of the carriage or shelter to the inside of the carriage or shelter; the fireproof heat-insulating layer (1) consists of a protective finish paint layer (11), an anti-burning functional layer (12), a heat-insulating functional layer (13) and an anti-rust base layer (14); the heat insulation layer (3) consists of a high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer (31) consisting of a high-heat-resistance layer a (312) and a high-reflection layer a (311) and a low-heat-conduction heat insulation layer (32) consisting of a high-heat-resistance layer a (322) and a high-reflection layer b (321), and the periphery of the multilayer structure consisting of the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer (31) and the low-heat-conduction heat insulation layer (32) is coated by fiber cloth (33). The structure has the advantages of good fireproof performance, good heat insulation and preservation effects, high efficiency, small thick bottom, low weight, tight connection of each layer structure and difficult falling.

Description

Fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and structure for special carriage

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire prevention and heat insulation, in particular to a fire prevention and heat insulation functional material and a structure for a special carriage.

Background

Extreme flame environments, such as the combustion environment of combustible materials such as external gasoline, diesel oil and the like, may be encountered in the use process of special vehicles or cabins. When a special vehicle or a shelter is at such an extreme, a thermal protection design needs to be performed on the vehicle or the shelter to ensure that internal equipment is within a normal working temperature range. The conventional vehicle thermal protection design is mainly designed for the influence of engine heat and solar radiation on a cab or a member cabin, and the heat is usually isolated by adopting a mode of externally spraying a thermal insulation coating or paving a thermal insulation material combination on the inner wall.

The traditional heat insulation coating generally adopts materials with small apparent density, loose internal structure, high porosity and small water content as lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate is combined together under the action of a binder, and the lightweight aggregate is directly coated on equipment or the surface of a wall to form a heat insulation layer with a certain thickness, so that the heat insulation effect is achieved. Because the traditional heat insulation layer has a loose structure, the heat insulation performance of the traditional heat insulation layer is positively correlated with the thickness of the coating, and the heat of the traditional heat insulation layer is reduced layer by layer through the thickness, so that the heat insulation layer needs to be very thick if the heat insulation effect is good; however, the increase of the thickness will cause the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate to be reduced, the coating is easy to fall off from the substrate, meanwhile, the increase of the thickness will cause the increase of the weight of the heat insulation layer, further the weight of the vehicle in the conventional state is influenced, the vehicle running is influenced, and the requirement of lightweight in the modern automobile industry is not met.

Meanwhile, the interior decoration heat insulation of the carriage or the shelter is generally treated by adopting a foam heat insulation material, and the foam heat insulation material is generally a high polymer material, wherein the maximum service temperature of a polyurethane foam heat insulation material is not more than 150 ℃, the service temperature of a melamine foam heat insulation material is not more than 250 ℃, and the conventional thermal conductivity coefficient of the foam heat insulation material is generally about 0.03W/(m.K). When the limit working condition of a special vehicle or a shelter is met, for example, when the carriage or the shelter is covered by flame for a long time, the highest temperature of the carriage or the shelter already exceeds the service temperature range of the foam heat-insulating material, and at the moment, the foam heat-insulating material is burnt, melted or carbonized, so that the protective performance of the foam heat-insulating material is influenced, and even the internal safety performance of the foam heat-insulating material is influenced. Meanwhile, the traditional heat insulation material is thick and heavy, and is not suitable for the requirements of special carriages or square cabins.

Due to the importance of substances or equipment in a special carriage or a special cabin, the fireproof temperature outside the carriage or the special cabin is usually over 1000 ℃, and the weight and the thickness of the conventional heat-insulating coating or heat-insulating material are large, which obviously does not meet the requirements of modern industry on the coating of the carriage or the special cabin; in addition, when the limit working condition of a special vehicle or a shelter is met, for example, when the carriage or the shelter is covered by flame for a long time, the highest temperature of the carriage or the shelter already exceeds the service temperature range of the foam heat-insulating material, and if the conventional foam heat-insulating material is adopted for treatment, the foam heat-insulating material is combusted, melted or carbonized, so that the protective performance of the foam heat-insulating material is influenced, and even the internal safety performance of the foam heat-insulating material is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and a structure for a special carriage, wherein the fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material has very thin thickness of only a few millimeters in the conventional state of a fireproof heat-insulation layer on the outer wall of the carriage or the shelter, and can quickly generate a heat-insulation layer with a compact structure when being burnt by flame, so that the fireproof and heat-blocking transfer are realized; the heat insulation layer on the inner wall of the carriage or the shelter has small thickness, low weight and good heat insulation effect; meanwhile, the structure of the invention has good overall fireproof and heat insulation effects and high efficiency.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a special carriage is with fire prevention heat preservation function material and structure that insulates against heat which characterized in that: the fireproof heat-insulating layer, the carriage or shelter body steel plate and the heat-insulating layer are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside of the carriage or shelter; the anti-burning thermal insulation layer is composed of a four-layer structure, a protective finish paint layer, an anti-burning functional layer, a thermal insulation functional layer and an anti-rust base layer are sequentially arranged from the outside of the carriage or the shelter to the surface of the outer wall of a carriage or shelter body steel plate, the thermal insulation functional layer is composed of a film forming object a, a low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent, and the anti-burning functional layer is composed of a film forming object b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent; the heat insulation layer is of a two-layer structure, and a high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer and a low-heat-conduction heat insulation layer are sequentially arranged from the inner wall surface of the steel plate of the carriage or the shelter body to the inside of the carriage or the shelter; the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer is of a multilayer structure, and a high reflection layer a and a high heat resistance layer a are alternately laminated from the inner wall surface of the steel plate of the carriage or the shelter body to the low heat conduction heat insulation layer in sequence; the low heat conduction insulating layer is of a multilayer structure, and a high-reflection layer b and a high-heat resistance layer b are alternately laminated from the high-temperature-resistant heat insulating layer to the interior of the carriage or the shelter; the periphery of the multilayer structure consisting of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer and the low-heat-conduction heat-insulating layer is uniformly coated by fiber cloth.

Further, the thickness of the antirust matrix layer is 60-80 μm; the thickness of the heat insulation functional layer is 1-1.3 mm; the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer is 0.7-1.6 mm; the thickness of the protective finish paint layer is 60-80 mu m; the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is 40-55 mm; the thickness of the low heat conduction insulating layer is 20-35 mm; the thickness of the fiber cloth is 0.5-1 mm.

In the structure, the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer under the conventional working condition is only 0.7-1.6 mm, and under the firing of external flame, the dehydrating agent, the carbon forming agent and the foaming agent in the anti-burning functional layer rapidly act to realize high-temperature expansion and carbonization and form a compact foam carbonization heat insulation layer, so that the heat transfer is blocked, the purposes of fire prevention and high temperature prevention are realized, and the foaming multiplying power is 40-50 times; because the fireproof heat-insulating coating is instantly foamed, atomic groups and molecular groups in the components are mutually extruded in a short time, so that the porosity is high, and the fireproof and heat-insulating effects are good.

The loose and porous heat insulation layer formed by the expansion and carbonization of the anti-burning functional layer after being subjected to flame can generate the phenomena of local falling, peeling and the like when being subjected to the violent impact of flame airflow, and the defects of cracks and the like are also generated in the expansion and carbonization processes of the anti-burning functional layer, and the positions are the weak points of heat insulation. The structure of the invention combines the heat insulation functional layer and the anti-burning functional layer, the heat insulation functional layer and the anti-burning functional layer generate a synergistic heat insulation function, and the heat insulation functional layer is used for heat insulation of the heat insulation weak point, so that the heat is prevented from directly damaging the antirust matrix layer and directly transmitted to the carriage or the shelter skin. Simultaneously, thermal-insulated functional layer provides thermal-insulated function for carriage or shelter under carriage or shelter conventional environment, and heat transfer to carriage body when preventing the sun irradiation promotes the whole thermal protection design in carriage or shelter.

Through the structural combination of the reflecting layer and the thermal resistance layer, namely the alternate superposition of the reflecting screen and the heat insulating material, the reflecting layer has high reflecting effect on heat radiation rays, and heat is isolated by reflecting the transmitted heat radiation; the thermal resistance layer has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which can suppress the transmitted thermal radiation; through the lamination and compounding, the convection heat transfer is reduced, and the heat insulation are realized. Meanwhile, the structure combination of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer and the low-heat-conduction heat-insulating layer is adopted, so that the density of the inner-wall heat-insulating layer is kept at a proper value, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is effectively reduced, and the overall low weight of the heat-insulating layer is ensured.

The multi-layer structure consisting of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer and the low-heat-conduction heat-insulating layer is solidified by coating the fiber cloth, so that the distribution uniformity of the multi-layer structure is ensured, and the heat-insulating uniformity of the multi-layer structure is further ensured; the temperature collected in the high heat insulation layer and the low heat conduction layer and other layers is conducted and dissipated, so that a temperature collection point is prevented from being formed between the high heat insulation layer and the low heat conduction layer and the other layers, and the total temperature in the carriage or the square cabin is prevented from being influenced; meanwhile, the connection strength between the whole multilayer structure and the base steel plate is ensured by coating the fiber cloth, and the phenomena of falling and flanging caused by insufficient bonding strength of a certain layer of the multilayer structure are avoided, so that the whole heat insulation effect and efficiency are influenced.

Further, in order to ensure that the fireproof heat-insulating layer does not have bubbles and rust under a humid condition, the protective finish paint layer is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint; in order to ensure the bonding adhesive force between the fireproof heat-insulating layer and the steel plate and play a good basic protection function on a substrate, the antirust substrate layer is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer.

Further, in order to ensure good fireproof effect and high fireproof efficiency, the film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the mass ratio of the film forming material b to the dehydrating agent to the carbon forming agent to the foaming agent is 2-3: 5-7: 2.5-3.5: 1-3.

Further, the film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silica aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 5-7: 3-5: 4-6; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1-2: 3-4; the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the functional additive is 18-22: 29-31: 1.

Further, in order to ensure the heat insulation effect and efficiency, the thickness ratio of the high reflection layer a to the high heat resistance layer a and the thickness ratio of the high reflection layer b to the high heat resistance layer b are both 0.01: 0.1-3.

Further, the material of the high reflection layer a is any one of molybdenum foil, nickel foil and stainless steel foil; the material of the high heat resistance layer a is any one of aluminum silicate fiber and magnesium silicate fiber.

Further, the material of the high-reflection layer b is any one of an aluminum foil and a double-sided aluminum-plated polyimide film; the material of the high heat resistance layer b is any one of aerogel felt and ceramic fiber felt.

Further, the fiber cloth is made of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength fiber cloth materials.

The invention has the following technical effects:

the fireproof heat-insulating layer coated on the outer wall of the carriage or the shelter has the characteristics of thin thickness, light weight and no influence on the overall performance of the automobile under the conventional working condition; under flame ignition, the coating can be rapidly foamed and carbonized, the foaming ratio is 40-50 times, the coating has a compact structure, small porosity and high bonding strength, is not easy to fall off, has good fireproof and heat-insulating effects, and also has good antirust and anticorrosive properties.

The heat insulation layer coated on the inner wall of the carriage or the shelter can effectively isolate heat and prevent heat from being converged by combining the multilayer structures of the reflecting layer and the thermal resistance layer and coating the fiber cloth, and has the advantages of small thickness, low weight, good heat insulation effect and high efficiency. Meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of uniform structure distribution, good overall cohesiveness, good retention and positioning effects, high installation strength and no phenomena of falling off, flanging and the like.

The invention has high fireproof and heat insulation efficiency and good effect by combining the fireproof heat insulation layer and the heat insulation layer, can effectively prevent flame burning and thermal shock outside the carriage or the shelter, and protects equipment inside the carriage or the shelter from complete functionality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fireproof heat-preservation heat-insulation functional layer in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is an effect diagram after a flame burning test of the heat insulating functional layer in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Wherein, 1, the fireproof heat insulation layer; 11. a protective topcoat layer; 12. a burn-resistant functional layer; 13. a heat insulating functional layer; 14. an anti-rust base layer; 2. a carriage or shelter body steel plate; 3. a heat insulation layer; 31. a high temperature resistant heat insulation layer; 311. a highly reflective layer a; 312. a high thermal resistance layer a; 32. a low thermal conductivity insulation layer; 321. a highly reflective layer b; 322. a high thermal resistance layer b; 33. fiber cloth.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments, but not all embodiments, of the present invention.

Example 1:

as shown in figure 1, the fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and the structure for the special carriage are characterized in that: a fireproof heat-insulating layer 1, a carriage or shelter body steel plate 2 and a heat-insulating layer 3 are sequentially arranged from the outside of a carriage or shelter to the inside of the carriage or shelter; the anti-burning thermal insulation layer 1 is composed of a four-layer structure, a protective finish paint layer 11, an anti-burning functional layer 12, a thermal insulation functional layer 13 and an antirust base layer 14 are sequentially arranged from the outside of a carriage or a shelter to the surface of the outer wall of a carriage or shelter body steel plate 2, the thermal insulation functional layer 13 is composed of a film forming object a, a low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent, and the anti-burning functional layer 12 is composed of a film forming object b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent; the heat insulation layer 3 is of a two-layer structure, and a high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer 31 and a low-heat-conduction heat insulation layer 32 are sequentially arranged from the inner wall surface of the carriage or the square cabin body steel plate 1 to the inside of the carriage or the square cabin; the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer 31 is of a multilayer structure, and the structure of the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer 31 is that a high reflection layer a 311 and a high heat resistance layer a 312 are alternately laminated from the inner wall surface of the carriage or shelter body steel plate 1 to the low heat conduction heat insulation layer 32 in sequence (as the figure needs to be clear, only two layers are laminated in the figure, actually, multiple layers are laminated); the low heat conduction insulating layer 32 is of a multilayer structure, and a high reflection layer b 321 and a high heat resistance layer b 322 are alternately laminated from the high temperature resistant heat insulation layer 31 to the inside of the carriage or the shelter in sequence (because the figure needs to be clear, only two layers are laminated in the figure, actually, the multilayer lamination is adopted); the periphery of the multilayer structure consisting of the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating layer 31 and the low-heat-conduction heat-insulating layer 32 is uniformly coated by fiber cloth 33.

The thickness of the antirust matrix layer 14 is 60 micrometers; the thickness of the heat insulation functional layer 13 is 1 mm; the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer 12 is 0.7 mm; the thickness of the protective finish paint layer 11 is 60 mu m; the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer 31 is 40mm, wherein the thickness ratio of the high-reflection layer a 311 to the high-heat-resistance layer a 312 of two adjacent layers is 0.01:0.1-3 (for example, the thickness of the high-reflection layer a 311 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the adjacent high-heat-resistance layer a 312 is 0.2mm-6 mm); the thickness of the low heat conduction insulating layer 32 is 20mm, wherein the thickness ratio of the high reflection layer b 321 to the high heat resistance layer b 322 of two adjacent layers is 0.01:0.1-3 (for example, the thickness of the high reflection layer b 321 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the adjacent high heat resistance layer b 322 is 0.2mm-6 mm); the thickness of the fiber cloth 33 is 0.5 mm.

The protective finish paint layer 11 is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint; the antirust matrix layer 14 is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer. The film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the mass ratio of the film forming material b to the dehydrating agent to the carbon forming agent to the foaming agent is 2:5:2.5: 1. The film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silicon dioxide aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 5:3: 4; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal conductivity filler to the functional additive is 18:29: 1. The material of the high-reflection layer a 311 is molybdenum foil, and the material of the high-thermal-resistance layer a 312 is magnesium silicate fiber. The high-reflection layer b 321 is made of aluminum foil, and the high-heat-resistance layer b 322 is made of aerogel felt such as silica aerogel felt; the fiber cloth 33 is made of a high-temperature resistant and high-strength fiber cloth material such as carbon fiber cloth.

The sealed compartment body is made of a 6mm stainless steel plate, has the shape size of 950mm multiplied by 750mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and comprises the compartment body, a compartment body cover plate, a high-temperature resistant sealing ring, a thermocouple leading-out port, a compartment body internal heat insulation layer 3, a compartment body external spray-coated anti-burning heat insulation layer 2 and the like. The structure composition and the thickness of the anti-burning heat-insulating layer 2 are as described above; the structure and the thickness of the heat insulation layer 3 are as described above; 3 temperature measuring points are arranged in the inner space of the compartment body, and the inner thermocouple leading-out port is sealed by adopting heat insulation cotton. The test is carried out by adopting a natural gas combustion furnace, the test condition meets the requirement of 6.1.1 in GB/T9978.1-2008, and the applied average temperature is increased in a nonlinear way along with the time. After the test is carried out for 30min, when the average temperature applied outside the carriage body reaches about 840 ℃, the average temperature inside the carriage body is 34 ℃; after the test of 40min, when the average temperature applied outside the compartment body reaches about 885 ℃, the average temperature inside the compartment body is 52 ℃.

Example 2:

The thickness of the antirust matrix layer 14 is 70 μm; the thickness of the heat insulation functional layer 13 is 1.2 mm; the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer 12 is 1.1 mm; the thickness of the protective finish paint layer 11 is 70 mu m; the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer 31 is 48mm, wherein the thickness ratio of the high-reflection layer a 311 to the high-heat-resistance layer a 312 of two adjacent layers is 0.01:0.1-3 (for example, the thickness of the high-reflection layer a 311 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the adjacent high-heat-resistance layer a 312 is 0.2mm-6 mm); the thickness of the low heat conduction insulating layer 32 is 27mm, wherein the thickness ratio of the high reflection layer b 321 to the high heat resistance layer b 322 of two adjacent layers is 0.01:0.1-3 (for example, the thickness of the high reflection layer b 321 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the adjacent high heat resistance layer b 322 is 0.2mm-6 mm); the thickness of the fiber cloth 33 is 1 mm.

The protective finish paint layer 11 is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint; the antirust matrix layer 14 is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer. The film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the mass ratio of the film forming material b to the dehydrating agent to the carbon forming agent to the foaming agent is 2.5:6:3: 2. The film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silicon dioxide aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 6:4: 5; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1.5: 3.5; the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal conductivity filler to the functional additive is 20:30: 1. The material of the high-reflection layer a 311 is stainless steel foil, and the material of the high-heat-resistance layer a 312 is aluminum silicate fiber. The high-reflection layer b 321 is made of a double-sided aluminum plated polyimide film, and the high-heat-resistance layer b 322 is made of a ceramic fiber felt; the fiber cloth 33 is made of a high-temperature resistant and high-strength fiber cloth material such as carbon fiber cloth.

The sealed compartment body is made of a 6mm stainless steel plate, has the shape size of 950mm multiplied by 750mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and comprises the compartment body, a compartment body cover plate, a high-temperature resistant sealing ring, a thermocouple leading-out port, a compartment body internal heat insulation layer 3, a compartment body external spray-coated anti-burning heat insulation layer 2 and the like. The structure composition and the thickness of the anti-burning heat-insulating layer 2 are as described above; the structure and the thickness of the heat insulation layer 3 are as described above; 3 temperature measuring points are arranged in the inner space of the compartment body, and the inner thermocouple leading-out port is sealed by adopting heat insulation cotton. The test is carried out by adopting a natural gas combustion furnace, the test condition meets the requirement of 6.1.1 in GB/T9978.1-2008, and the applied average temperature is increased in a nonlinear way along with the time. After the test is carried out for 30min, when the average temperature applied outside the carriage body reaches about 840 ℃, the average temperature inside the carriage body is 32 ℃; after the test for 40min, when the average temperature applied outside the compartment reaches about 885 ℃, the average temperature inside the compartment is 48 ℃.

Example 3:

The thickness of the antirust matrix layer 14 is 80 μm; the thickness of the heat insulation functional layer 13 is 1.3 mm; the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer 12 is 1.6 mm; the thickness of the protective finish paint layer 11 is 80 μm; the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer 31 is 55mm, wherein the thickness ratio of the high-reflection layer a 311 to the high-heat-resistance layer a 312 of two adjacent layers is 0.01:0.1-3 (for example, the thickness of the high-reflection layer a 311 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the adjacent high-heat-resistance layer a 312 is 0.2mm-6 mm); the thickness of the low heat conduction insulating layer 32 is 35mm, wherein the thickness ratio of the high reflection layer b 321 to the high heat resistance layer b 322 of two adjacent layers is 0.01:0.1-3 (for example, the thickness of the high reflection layer b 321 is 0.02mm, and the thickness of the adjacent high heat resistance layer b 322 is 0.2mm-6 mm); the thickness of the fiber cloth 33 is 1 mm.

The protective finish paint layer 11 is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint; the antirust matrix layer 14 is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer. The film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the mass ratio of the film forming material b to the dehydrating agent to the carbon forming agent to the foaming agent is 3: 7: 3.5: 3. The film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silicon dioxide aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 7: 5: 6; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 2: 4; the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal conductivity filler to the functional additive is 22: 31: 1. The material of the high-reflection layer a 311 is nickel foil, and the material of the high-heat-resistance layer a 312 is aluminum silicate fiber. The high-reflection layer b 321 is made of aluminum foil, and the high-heat-resistance layer b 322 is made of aerogel felt such as basalt fiber aerogel felt; the fiber cloth 33 is made of a high-temperature resistant and high-strength fiber cloth material such as carbon fiber cloth.

The sealed compartment body is made of a 6mm stainless steel plate, has the shape size of 950mm multiplied by 750mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and comprises the compartment body, a compartment body cover plate, a high-temperature resistant sealing ring, a thermocouple leading-out port, a compartment body internal heat insulation layer 3, a compartment body external spray-coated anti-burning heat insulation layer 2 and the like. The structure composition and the thickness of the anti-burning heat-insulating layer 2 are as described above; the structure and the thickness of the heat insulation layer 3 are as described above; 3 temperature measuring points are arranged in the inner space of the compartment body, and the inner thermocouple leading-out port is sealed by adopting heat insulation cotton. The test is carried out by adopting a natural gas combustion furnace, the test condition meets the requirement of 6.1.1 in GB/T9978.1-2008, and the applied average temperature is increased in a nonlinear way along with the time. After the test is carried out for 30min, when the average temperature applied outside the carriage body reaches about 840 ℃, the average temperature inside the carriage body is 30 ℃; after the test for 40min, when the average temperature applied outside the compartment reaches about 885 ℃, the average temperature inside the compartment is 45 ℃.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a special carriage is with fire prevention heat preservation function material and structure that insulates against heat which characterized in that: a fireproof heat-insulating layer (1), a carriage or shelter body steel plate (2) and a heat-insulating layer (3) are sequentially arranged from the outside of a carriage or shelter to the inside of the carriage or shelter; the fireproof heat-insulating layer (1) is composed of a four-layer structure, a protective finish paint layer (11), a burning-resistant functional layer (12), a heat-insulating functional layer (13) and an antirust base layer (14) are sequentially arranged from the outside of a carriage or a shelter to the surface of the outer wall of a carriage or shelter body steel plate, the heat-insulating functional layer (13) is composed of a film-forming substance a, a low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent, and the burning-resistant functional layer (12) is composed of a film-forming substance b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent; the heat insulation layer (3) is of a two-layer structure, and a high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer (31) and a low-heat-conduction heat insulation layer (32) are sequentially arranged from the inner wall surface of the carriage or shelter body steel plate (2) to the inside of the carriage or shelter; the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation layer (31) is of a multilayer structure, and a high-reflection layer a (311) and a high-heat-resistance layer a (312) are alternately laminated from the inner wall surface of the carriage or shelter body steel plate (2) to the low-heat-conduction heat insulation layer (32) in sequence; the low heat conduction insulating layer (32) is of a multilayer structure, and a high-reflection layer b (321) and a high-heat resistance layer b (322) are alternately laminated from the high-temperature-resistant heat insulating layer (31) to the interior of the carriage or the square cabin; the periphery of the multilayer structure consisting of the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating layer (31) and the low-heat-conduction heat-insulating layer (32) is uniformly coated by fiber cloth (33);

the film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the mass ratio of the film forming material b to the dehydrating agent to the carbon forming agent to the foaming agent is 2-3: 5-7: 2.5-3.5: 1-3;

the film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silica aerogel, potassium hexatitanate whiskers and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 5-7: 3-5: 4-6; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1-2: 3-4; the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the functional additive is 18-22: 29-31: 1.

2. The fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and the structure for the special carriage as claimed in claim 1 are characterized in that: the thickness of the antirust matrix layer (14) is 60-80 μm; the thickness of the heat insulation functional layer (13) is 1-1.3 mm; the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer (12) is 0.7-1.6 mm; the thickness of the protective finish paint layer (11) is 60-80 mu m; the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer (31) is 40-55 mm; the thickness of the low heat conduction insulating layer (32) is 20-35 mm; the thickness of the fiber cloth (33) is 0.5-1 mm.

3. The fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and the structure for the special carriage as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the material of the high-reflection layer a (311) is any one of molybdenum foil, nickel foil and stainless steel foil; the material of the high heat resistance layer a (312) is any one of aluminum silicate fiber and magnesium silicate fiber.

4. The fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and the structure for the special carriage as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the material of the high-reflection layer b (321) is any one of an aluminum foil and a double-sided aluminum-plated polyimide film; the material of the high heat resistance layer b (322) is any one of aerogel felt and ceramic fiber felt.

5. The fireproof heat-preservation and heat-insulation functional material and the structure for the special carriage as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the fiber cloth (33) is made of high-temperature-resistant high-strength fiber cloth materials.