CN109650841B - Fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109650841B
CN109650841B CN201811530102.9A CN201811530102A CN109650841B CN 109650841 B CN109650841 B CN 109650841B CN 201811530102 A CN201811530102 A CN 201811530102A CN 109650841 B CN109650841 B CN 109650841B
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aerogel
composite material
preparation
felt
glass fiber
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CN109650841A (en
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张怡
葛欣国
卢国建
赵长征
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Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
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Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1: wrapping the fiber felt with fiber cloth; step 2: immersing the fiber felt wrapped with the fiber cloth in the step 1 into SiO2In sol solution; and step 3: preparing the required fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material by sol-gel and drying; the aerogel felt powder has excellent fire resistance, solves the problem of powder falling of the existing aerogel felt, does not generate obvious toxic smoke after being decomposed at high temperature, has simple preparation process, and meets the requirements of safety and environmental protection.

Description

Fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation material, in particular to a fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the field of heat-insulating and sound-insulating materials, organic materials such as polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and the like are easy to burn in the current market, and a large amount of toxic gas is generated in the burning process; the safety is poor, although inorganic plates such as rock wool, glass fiber, foamed cement, aluminum silicate fiber and the like have excellent fireproof performance, the inorganic insulation board has high heat conductivity coefficient and high density, the thickness of the insulation layer is generally required to be increased in order to achieve an ideal insulation effect, the attractiveness is affected, and the thickness of the protection layer is also obviously increased.
In recent years, aerogel has emerged as a new type of light solid material with a porous network structure formed by polymerizing colloidal ions or polymer molecules with each other and filled with gaseous dispersion medium in the gaps, which is the currently known lightest solid material and is called "solid smoke"; wherein, SiO2The aerogel is a nano porous super heat-insulating material and has excellent performances such as extremely low heat conductivity coefficient, high adsorption, load and catalytic capacity due to high specific surface area, high porosity and extremely low apparent density; thus, SiO2The aerogel has great effects in the fields of optics, electricity, acoustics, chemical catalysis, environmental protection, medicine and the likeHigh application value; in addition, the aerogel has increasingly important applications in the aspects of energy conservation, environmental protection and safety by virtue of excellent heat insulation, fire prevention and sound insulation properties and extremely low smoke toxicity; but SiO2The gel formability is poor, the preparation process of the plate is complex, and the problem of easy powder falling exists; inorganic material with excellent mechanical property and SiO2Aerogel material combination is an effective way for preparing the high-performance fireproof heat-insulating material; the Chinese patent with application number 2016104986131 discloses an aerogel integrated board with heat preservation, fire prevention, sound insulation and decoration functions; although the material effectively reduces the self weight through multilayer compounding, and has good heat preservation; but the adhesive layer in the material has certain flammability, so that the fire resistance of the material is reduced, the density of the used reinforcing plate is higher, and the weight reduction of the whole material is limited; the Chinese patent with the application number of 201711379245X discloses another heat-insulating fireproof material; the material bonds glass fiber cloth to SiO by using environment-friendly acrylate or thermosol2The surface of the aerogel blanket prevents leakage of aerogel blanket powder; although the material also has the characteristics of excellent heat insulation, flame retardance, lower density and the like; however, the organic adhesive has flammability, the overall fireproof performance of the material is reduced, and meanwhile, the material has the problems of low long-term use temperature and aging and failure of the adhesive.
SiO in the prior art2Aerogel materials are poor in formability, and generally need to be compounded with an aluminum silicate felt, a glass fiber felt and the like for use; and SiO2Although the composite materials such as aerogel, aluminum silicate felt, glass fiber felt and the like have good heat insulation and fire resistance, the composite materials have serious powder falling problem and influence the practical application of products; most of products which can be applied in the market at present are compounded in a multi-layer way to solve the problem of powder falling; the multi-layer composite generally adopts a post-treatment method, namely, surface layer materials such as glass fiber cloth or aluminum foil and the like are adhered to the surface of the aerogel felt by using an organic adhesive, so that the aerogel heat-insulating material with good mechanical property and no powder falling is obtained; however, the existing post-treatment method for the multilayer composite material not only increases the material preparation process, but also is heavierThe organic adhesive used in the material mostly belongs to combustible or inflammable materials, so that the overall fireproof performance of the material is reduced; the burning is accompanied with the generation of toxic smoke, and the organic adhesive also has the problem of aging and invalidation, thereby reducing the service temperature and the service life of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a high-fire-proof aerogel felt which has excellent fire-proof performance, solves the problem of powder falling of the existing aerogel felt, does not generate obvious toxic smoke after decomposition at high temperature, has simple preparation process and meets the requirements of safety and environmental protection.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: wrapping the fiber felt with fiber cloth;
step 2: immersing the fiber felt wrapped with the fiber cloth in the step 1 into SiO2In sol solution;
and step 3: the required fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material is prepared by sol-gel and drying.
Further, the fiber felt is one of an aluminum silicate fiber felt and a glass fiber felt.
Further, the fiber cloth is glass fiber cloth.
Further, the thickness of the fiber felt is 3-100 mm.
Further, the thickness of the fiber cloth is 0.05-0.65 mm.
A composite material obtained by a preparation method of a fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the forming process, a large amount of hydroxyl and SiO on the surface of the glass fiber cloth2The glass fiber cloth is directly bonded on the surface of an aerogel core layer formed by the fiber felt and the aerogel through covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds among the aerogels; the problem of aerogel powder falling is solved, and meanwhile, the use of an organic combustible adhesive is avoided, so that the material has excellent fireproof performance;
(2) glass fiber of the present inventionFelt or aluminium silicate felt through SiO2The aerogel is compounded and then jointly used as a core layer of the material, wherein the aluminum silicate felt or the glass fiber felt ensures the good mechanical property of the material, and the SiO is2The aerogel enhances the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the material;
(3) compared with the method for bonding the fiber cloth by the aerogel post-treatment, the method for bonding the glass fiber cloth in the aerogel felt forming process by in-situ compounding reduces the preparation process steps, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost;
(3) the material is decomposed at high temperature, does not generate toxic smoke, has the characteristics of high usable temperature, long service life and the like, and is safe and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the composite material of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is an aerogel core layer, 2 is an upper surface layer, and 3 is a lower surface layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
A preparation method of a fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: wrapping the fiber felt with fiber cloth;
step 2: immersing the fiber felt wrapped with the fiber cloth in the step 1 into SiO2In sol solution;
and step 3: the required fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material is prepared by sol-gel and drying.
The fiber felt is one of aluminum silicate fiber felt and glass fiber felt; the fiber cloth is glass fiber cloth; the thickness of the fiber felt is 3-100 mm; the thickness of the fiber cloth is 0.05-0.65 mm.
Adding tetraethoxysilane, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and N, N-dimethylformamide into a reactor according to the molar ratio of 1:16:24:0.2, uniformly stirring, then adding 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3-4, and continuously stirring for 1-2 hours. After the tetraethoxysilane is completely hydrolyzed, slowly dropwise adding 0.5mol/L ammonia water, adjusting the pH to 7-8, and stirring for 10-30 min to obtain SiO2Sol solution. Sequentially mixing glass fiber cloth and fiberSpreading fiber felt and glass fiber cloth in a mold, and pouring SiO2Soaking in sol solution to attach the glass fiber cloth to the surface of the fiber felt, and standing until gel is formed. And (3) aging the wet gel in an ethanol solution for 12 hours, and exchanging n-hexane for 2 times, wherein each aging is 8-12 hours. And finally, drying the mixture for 6-8 hours at 60 ℃, 80 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively.
The composite material structure obtained by the preparation method is shown in figure 1 and comprises an aerogel core layer 1, an upper surface layer 2 and a lower surface layer 3; the aerogel core layer 1 is aluminum silicate felt composite SiO2Aerogel layer or glass fiber felt composite SiO2Preparing an aerogel layer; the upper surface layer 2 and the lower surface layer 3 are both glass fiber cloth; the surface layer of the glass fiber cloth is formed by a large number of hydroxyl and SiO on the surface2Stronger covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds among the aerogels are bonded on the surface of the aerogel core layer 1, and finally the required fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation material is obtained.
The SiO of the aerogel core layer 1 in the composite material prepared by tests2The pore diameter of the aerogel particles is 5-50 nm, and SiO is2The specific surface area of the aerogel particles is 500-1000 m2(ii) in terms of/g. The density of the composite material prepared by the test is 200kg/m3～300kg/m3The thermal conductivity is 0.020W/(m.K) to 0.040W/(m.K); the combustion performance is A1 grade, the smoke toxicity is AQ1 grade, and the flame-retardant heat-insulating brick can be used in places with higher requirements on fire prevention and heat insulation, and can also be used for sound insulation and heat insulation of vehicles such as trains, ships and the like.
The fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation composite material prepared by the invention has a multilayer structure consisting of an aerogel core layer 1, an upper surface layer 2 and a lower surface layer 3; the aerogel core layer 1 takes fibrofelt as a framework reinforcing material and is compounded with SiO2Aerogel; when the glass fiber surface layer (comprising the upper surface layer 2 and the lower surface layer 3) is prepared on the aerogel core layer 1, the glass fiber cloth coated fiber felt is immersed into SiO together2In sol solution; through sol-gel, drying, utilizing great amount of hydroxyl and SiO on the surface of fiber cloth2Stronger covalent bond or hydrogen bond action among the aerogels is bonded on the surface of the aerogel core layer 1; in the aerogel core layer 1, the incombustible fiber felt (aluminum silicate felt or glass fiber felt) provides enough mechanical strength and toughness for the material and has good heat insulationSiO of performance, low thermal conductivity2The aerogel further enhances the heat insulation performance of the material; the overall thermal conductivity of the material is set to less than 0.04W/(m.K) (generally, the thermal conductivity of conventional inorganic materials such as aluminum silicate mats and glass fiber mats is greater than 0.040W/(m.K)).
The surface layer of the glass fiber participates in SiO2The gel forming process utilizes a large amount of hydroxyl and SiO on the surface of the fiber cloth2Stronger covalent bond or hydrogen bond action among the aerogels is bonded on the surface of the aerogel core layer 1; the use of combustible adhesives in the conventional method is avoided, the problem of aging and failure of a glue layer is avoided, the combustion performance of the material reaches A1 level, the toxicity of high-temperature decomposition products is lower, and the smoke toxicity performance reaches AQ1 level (if the material contains the combustible adhesives, the combustion performance of A1 level and the smoke toxicity of AQ1 level are generally difficult to reach); the glass fiber is coated on SiO2The in-situ bonding method in the gel forming process reduces the preparation process steps of the material, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost; the problem of powder falling of the aerogel core layer 1 is inhibited by coating the surface layer of the glass fiber; the overall density of the material is also low, only 200kg/m3～300kg/m3. Therefore, the composite material prepared by the invention has excellent fireproof performance and low smoke toxicity, and is safer to use; and the lower density and the low heat conductivity coefficient of the material make the material more energy-saving and environment-friendly when applied to the fields of building heat preservation, rail transit and the like.

Claims (4)

1. The preparation method of the fireproof, sound-insulation and heat-preservation aerogel composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: wrapping a glass fiber felt with glass fiber cloth;
step 2: immersing the fiber felt wrapped with the glass fiber cloth in the step 1 into SiO2In sol solution;
and step 3: the required fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material is prepared by sol-gel and drying.
2. The preparation method of the fireproof, soundproof and thermal aerogel composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the fiber mat is 3-100 mm.
3. The preparation method of the fireproof, soundproof and thermal aerogel composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the glass fiber cloth is 0.05-0.65 mm.
4. A composite material obtained by the method for preparing a fire-proof, sound-proof and thermal-insulating aerogel composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
CN201811530102.9A 2018-12-14 2018-12-14 Fireproof sound-insulation heat-preservation aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof Active CN109650841B (en)

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CN112038510A (en) * 2019-06-03 2020-12-04 江苏泛亚微透科技股份有限公司 Silica aerogel felt product coated with silica gel fireproof cloth for lithium ion power battery of electric vehicle and manufacturing method of silica aerogel felt product
CN111662558B (en) * 2020-07-17 2021-11-23 江苏恒尚节能科技股份有限公司 High-strength flame-retardant heat-insulation composite door and window
CN112979269A (en) * 2021-02-01 2021-06-18 施斌卿 Application of aerogel composite material in preparation of electric box body heat-insulating material
CN113089858B (en) * 2021-04-12 2022-04-26 朱秦江 Anti-radiation aerogel composite coiled material and application method thereof in wall
CN113478930A (en) * 2021-07-22 2021-10-08 浙江圣润纳米科技有限公司 High-pulling-resistance aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114804805B (en) * 2022-04-24 2023-08-22 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 Aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114801395A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-07-29 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 Low-dust aerogel product and preparation method thereof
CN115180918B (en) * 2022-07-31 2023-05-16 广东省公路建设有限公司湾区特大桥养护技术中心 Reinforced high silica fiber composite aerogel fireproof material and preparation method thereof

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