CN110840416B - Non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe and method - Google Patents
Non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110840416B CN110840416B CN201911059878.1A CN201911059878A CN110840416B CN 110840416 B CN110840416 B CN 110840416B CN 201911059878 A CN201911059878 A CN 201911059878A CN 110840416 B CN110840416 B CN 110840416B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/725—Details of waveform analysis using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
- A61B2560/0247—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value
- A61B2560/0252—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value using ambient temperature
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0271—Thermal or temperature sensors
Abstract
The invention provides a non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe and a method, comprising a probe heat conduction layer, at least three heat transfer units with different heights and a control unit; by arranging the heat transfer unit and the heater, the establishment of heat balance is accelerated according to heating treatment, and the rapidity of human body core temperature detection is improved; the self-adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm is used for improving the capability of resisting the interference of the environment factors of the detection device; the measurement error caused by uneven transverse heat flow of the human body is compensated and processed by combining at least three heat transfer units in the human body core temperature detection probe, so that the detection accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical physiological signal detection instruments and equipment, and particularly relates to a non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe and a method.
Background
With the development of the times and the advancement of the technology, the field of medical appliances has also made great progress. It is sometimes necessary to monitor changes in body temperature over a long period of time during a medical procedure to reflect the physical condition of a person. The body temperature comprises body surface temperature and human body core temperature, wherein the human body core temperature can reflect the health condition of the human body more correctly and is concerned by medical care personnel more.
The detection method of the core temperature of the human body can be divided into invasive detection and noninvasive detection according to the fact that the human body has no wound. Invasive core temperature detection needs to insert a detection probe into a detected part of a human body so as to detect the temperature of a certain organ or tissue of the human body, and the invasive measurement mode has the advantages that the measurement precision is high, but discomfort can be brought to the detected person, even the infection risk of the detected person can be increased, the invasive measurement mode needs to be carried out under the guidance and the help of medical staff, the detection process is troublesome, the cost is high, and the invasive core temperature detection method is not suitable for long-term continuous detection and monitoring of the core temperature of the human body, and in addition, the core temperature of some special parts of the human body, such as the core temperature of a brain, is not suitable for the invasive detection method at all.
The non-invasive core temperature detection mainly comprises a special part approximate substitution method and an estimation method based on a heat flow model. The special site replacement method mainly adopts contact and non-contact methods to detect the temperature of the part of the human body closest to the core temperature area to measure the temperature, such as: the tympanic membrane temperature is measured at the cochlea and is approximately regarded as the brain core temperature. The core temperature obtained by the method is easily influenced by factors such as the structure, the size and the surrounding tissues of the cerumen, and the measurement position of the core temperature is not suitable for long-term body temperature detection.
The estimation method based on the heat flow model is a core temperature detection method established on the thermodynamic basis. For example, US 5816706 discloses a device for measuring the core temperature of the human body, which has two heat transfer units with a known heat transfer ratio. Each heat transfer unit is provided with two end faces, one end face is in contact with the skin surface of a tested human body, the other end face is in contact with the surrounding environment, and each end face is provided with a thermosensitive element for temperature detection. The temperature of each end face of the two heat transfer units is detected by the thermosensitive element respectively, and then the core temperature of the human body is estimated and determined by solving an equation system of the two coupling equations.
The measuring device has the advantages that: the non-invasive detection of the core temperature of the human body can be realized, and the influence of different thermal resistances of different measurement objects on the measurement result is eliminated, but the following defects still exist at present: firstly, the human body temperature field balance of the measuring device is established and is completely achieved by the heat conduction of the human body temperature, the time for acquiring the human body temperature is long, and the accurate temperature of the human body can be acquired only in more than 20 min; secondly, the anti-interference capability of the device is poor, and when environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed and the like are irregularly changed, the original thermal stability of the heat transfer unit can be broken, so that the accuracy of measuring the core temperature of the human body is reduced; in addition, when the cambered surface part of the forehead of a human body is detected, the influence of the uneven transverse heat flow of the human body on the detection cannot be overcome by only adopting two heat transfer units, so that the detection error is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe and method. By arranging the heat transfer unit and the heater, the establishment of heat balance is accelerated according to heating treatment, and the rapidity of detecting the core temperature of the human body at the forehead of the human brain is improved; the method comprises the steps that the self-adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm is used for improving the capacity of the detection device for resisting environmental factor interference; the measurement error caused by uneven transverse heat flow of the human body is compensated and processed by the combination of at least three heat transfer units in the human body core temperature detection probe, so that the detection accuracy is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe comprises a probe heat conduction layer, at least three heat transfer units with different heights and a control unit;
the heat transfer unit is arranged on one surface of the heat conducting layer of the probe;
the heat transfer unit comprises a cavity, a temperature sensor and a heater; two end surfaces in the height direction of the cavity are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and a heater is arranged between the temperature sensors; the cavity is filled with heat conducting materials;
the control unit is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the heater.
In the above scheme, an end face of the cavity in the height direction, which is connected with the probe heat-conducting layer, is called a first end face, and the other end face is called a second end face; the temperature sensor on the first end face is used for measuring the surface temperature of a human body, and the temperature sensor on the second end face is used for measuring the temperature of the environment.
In the above scheme, the probe heat-conducting layer and the outer surface of the cavity of the heat transfer unit are provided with probe heat-insulating layers.
In the above scheme, the cavity is a tubular cylinder.
In the scheme, the temperature sensor is positioned at the geometric center of the end face where the temperature sensor is positioned; the heater is positioned at the geometric center of the cavity.
In the above scheme, the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor type sensor.
The detection method of the non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe comprises the following steps:
temperature collection: the heat transfer unit acquires the human body surface temperature and the environment temperature information of two end faces in the height direction of the cavity through the temperature sensor and transfers the information to the control unit;
quickly establishing a temperature field after heat balance of a heat conduction layer of the probe: the control unit calculates the temperature difference of the two end surfaces, compares the temperature difference with a preset value, controls the heater to heat each heat transfer unit when the temperature difference is lower than the preset value, and controls the heater to stop heating when the temperature difference reaches the preset value;
filtering environmental interference factors: the temperature measured by each temperature sensor is led into a self-adaptive filter based on a minimum gradient algorithm in a control unit, and environmental interference factors are filtered;
preliminarily estimating the core temperature of the human body: estimating the preliminary human body core temperature measured by the heat transfer unit based on a dual-channel heat flow model;
obtaining the final human body core temperature: and compensating the measurement error caused by uneven transverse heat flow of the human body by combining the obtained initial human body core temperature with an empirical compensation value by adopting an averaging method so as to obtain the final human body core temperature.
In the above scheme, the adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm in the step of filtering out the environmental interference factors is represented by the following formula:
Kia temperature change gradient representing a certain period of time of the corresponding ith temperature sensor on the end face of the heat transfer unit,
Tmirepresents the temperature value of the corresponding ith temperature sensor at the m moment after the heat transfer unit reaches the steady state,
Tnirepresents the temperature value of the corresponding ith temperature sensor at the moment n after the heat transfer unit reaches the steady state,
at represents the time interval between time m and time n,
ΔTmi-niand the temperature change value of the ith temperature sensor in the time interval of the m time and the n time is represented.
In the above scheme, the step of preliminarily estimating the core temperature of the human body obtains a preliminary formula of the core temperature of the human body based on the two-channel heat flow model as follows:
the second formula is suitable for any two heat transfer units of the temperature detection probe to carry out primary acquisition of the core temperature of the human body,
Tcorenrepresents the nth preliminary human body core temperature, n is 1, 2, 3 …;
Taa temperature value T obtained by a temperature sensor of the first end surface corresponding to one of any two heat transfer units of the detection probebA temperature value representing a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor at a second end face of the heat transfer unit;
Tcthe temperature value T obtained by the temperature sensor of the first end surface corresponding to the other heat transfer unit of the two arbitrary heat transfer units of the probedA temperature value representing a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor at a second end face of the other heat transfer unit;
H1represents the height value H between the first end surface and the second end surface corresponding to one heat transfer unit of any two heat transfer units2Representing a height value between the corresponding first end surface and the second end surface of the other heat transfer unit;
k represents the ratio of the heights between the end faces of the two heat transfer units.
In the above scheme, the step of obtaining the final human body core temperature specifically comprises:
and adding the obtained preliminary human body core temperature measurement value average value and the experience compensation value to obtain the final human body core temperature, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula, Tcore0Which represents the final core temperature of the human body,
Tcorenwhich represents the nth preliminary human body core temperature, n can take the values of 1, 2 and 3 …,
Δ X represents an empirically compensated temperature value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the noninvasive human body core temperature detection probe provided by the invention is internally provided with the heater, and the heater is used for heating the heat transfer unit, so that the establishment of the heat balance between the probe and the forehead of a human body is accelerated. The thermally conductive material and thermally conductive layer in the probe assist in promoting the establishment of a thermal balance between the probe and the human forehead.
2. The non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe provided by the invention comprises at least three heat transfer units, and can compensate and process measurement errors caused by uneven transverse heat flow of a human body through a mean value method combination, so that the accuracy of human body core temperature measurement is improved.
3. The heat transfer unit is a cylinder and has a certain height, the heat loss phenomenon also exists in the transverse directions of different heights of the heat transfer unit, the temperature measuring accuracy of the detection probe can be influenced, the heat insulation layer formed by the heat insulation material is used for wrapping, the heat loss in the transverse directions of different heights of the heat transfer unit can be effectively reduced, and the reduction of the measuring accuracy caused by the temperature convection among the first heat transfer unit, the second heat transfer unit and the third heat transfer unit is isolated.
4. The environment self-adaptive filter composed based on the minimum gradient algorithm can effectively eliminate the influence of environmental factors on the measurement accuracy of the core temperature of the human body.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of an embodiment of a human body core temperature detection probe according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the sectional view B-B of FIG. 1 rotated 60 degrees counterclockwise;
FIG. 4 is a schematic heat flux diagram of a first heat transfer unit and a second heat transfer unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic heat flux diagram of a first heat transfer unit and a third heat transfer unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic heat flux diagram of a second heat transfer unit and a third heat transfer unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an implementation of the method for obtaining core body temperature according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing a temperature change of the heat transfer unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of the final temperature acquisition effect before and after using a minimum gradient algorithm based filter according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a first heat transfer unit; 2. a second heat transfer unit; 3. a third heat transfer unit; l1 is the central axis of the first heat transfer unit; l2 is the central axis of the second heat transfer unit; l3 is the central axis of the third heat transfer unit; 1a. a first temperature sensor; 1b. a second temperature sensor; 1c. a first heater; 2a. a third temperature sensor; 2b. a fourth temperature sensor; 2c. a second heater; 3a, a fifth temperature sensor; a sixth temperature sensor; 3c. a third heater; 4. a heat conducting layer of the probe; 5. a heat insulating layer; 6. a first tubular column; 7. a second tubular column; 8. a third tubular column; 9. a thermally conductive material; 10. human skin and subcutaneous tissue; 11. heat flow from the core region of the body to the skin surface; 12. a heat flow transferred from the skin surface to the first heat transfer unit; 13. a heat flow transferred from the skin surface to the second heat transfer unit; 14. the skin surface transfers heat to the heat flow of the third heat transfer unit.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe comprises a probe heat conduction layer 4, at least three heat transfer units with different heights and a control unit; the heat transfer unit is arranged on one surface of the heat conducting layer 4 of the probe; the other end of the heat conducting layer 4 of the probe is used for being in direct contact with the surface of a human body; the heat transfer unit comprises a cavity, a temperature sensor and a heater; two end surfaces in the height direction of the cavity are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and a built-in heater is arranged between the temperature sensors; the cavity is filled with heat conduction materials 9; the control unit is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the heater.
The end face of the cavity in the height direction, which is connected with the probe heat conduction layer 4, is called a first end face, and the other end face is called a second end face; the temperature sensor on the first end face is used for measuring the surface temperature of a human body, and the temperature sensor on the second end face is used for measuring the temperature of the environment. The heat transfer unit is heated by the heater, so that the establishment of the heat balance between the heat conduction layer 4 of the probe and the forehead of a human body is accelerated; the thermally conductive material 9 and the thermally conductive layer in the probe assist in promoting the establishment of a thermal balance between the probe and the human forehead.
Preferably, the probe heat conduction layer 4 and the outer surface of the cavity of the heat transfer unit are provided with probe heat insulation layers 5.
Preferably, the cavity is a tubular cylinder.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is positioned at the geometric center of the end face; the heater is positioned at the geometric center of the cavity.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor type sensor.
A temperature detection method based on the noninvasive human body core temperature detection probe comprises the following steps:
temperature collection: the at least three heat transfer units acquire the human body surface temperature and the environment temperature information of two end faces in the height direction of the cavity through the temperature sensors and transmit the information to the control unit;
and (3) quickly establishing a temperature field after heat balance of the heat conducting layer 4 of the probe: the control unit calculates the temperature difference of the two end surfaces, compares the temperature difference with a preset value, controls the heater to heat each heat transfer unit when the temperature difference is lower than the preset value, and controls the heater to stop heating when the temperature difference reaches the preset value;
filtering environmental interference factors: the temperature measured by each temperature sensor is led into a self-adaptive filter based on a minimum gradient algorithm in a control unit, and environmental interference factors are filtered;
preliminarily estimating the core temperature of the human body: estimating preliminary human body core temperature measured by at least three heat transfer units based on a double-channel heat flow model;
obtaining the final human body core temperature: and compensating measurement errors caused by uneven transverse heat flow of the human body by combining at least three obtained preliminary human body core temperatures with an empirical compensation value by adopting an averaging method so as to obtain the final human body core temperature.
The adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm in the step of filtering out the environmental interference factors is represented by the following formula:
Kia temperature change gradient representing a certain period of time of the corresponding ith temperature sensor on the end face of the heat transfer unit,
Tmirepresenting the temperature value of the corresponding ith temperature sensor at the m-th moment after the heat transfer unit reaches the steady state,
Tnirepresents the temperature value of the corresponding ith temperature sensor at the moment n after the heat transfer unit reaches the steady state,
at represents the time interval between time m and time n,
ΔTmi-niand the temperature change value of the ith temperature sensor in the time interval of the m time and the n time is represented.
The environment self-adaptive filter composed based on the minimum gradient algorithm can effectively eliminate the influence of environmental factors on the measurement accuracy of the core temperature of the human body.
In the step of preliminarily estimating the human body core temperature, a preliminary human body core temperature formula is obtained based on the two-channel heat flow model as follows:
the second formula is suitable for acquiring the core temperature of the human body by any two heat transfer units of the temperature detection probe,
Tcorenthe nth preliminary human body core temperature is shown, and n can be 1, 2 or 3 ….
TaThe temperature value T obtained by the temperature sensor of the first end surface corresponding to one of the two heat transfer units of the detection probe is shownbA temperature value representing a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor at a second end face of the heat transfer unit;
Tcindicating the other of any two heat transfer units of the probeTemperature value T acquired by temperature sensor of first end face corresponding to thermal unitdThe temperature value obtained by the temperature sensor at the second end face corresponding to the other heat transfer unit in any two heat transfer units of the probe is represented;
H1the height value H between the first end surface and the second end surface corresponding to one heat transfer unit in any two heat transfer units of the detection probe for acquiring the temperature value2The height value between the first end surface and the second end surface corresponding to the other heat transfer unit in any two heat transfer units of the detection probe for obtaining the temperature value is represented;
k represents the ratio of the height between the two heat transfer unit end surfaces of the detection probe for acquiring the temperature value.
The step of obtaining the final human body core temperature specifically comprises the following steps:
the average value of at least three obtained preliminary human body core temperature measurement values and the empirical compensation value are added to be used as the final human body core temperature, and the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula, Tcore0Which represents the final core temperature of the human body,
Tcorenwhich represents the nth preliminary human body core temperature, n can take the values of 1, 2 and 3 …,
Δ X represents an empirically compensated temperature value.
Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the non-invasive core temperature detecting probe of the present invention for measuring core temperature of human body at forehead of human brain, which comprises three heat transfer units with different heights, wherein the three heat transfer units are respectively located at the vertexes of regular triangle, and comprise a first heat transfer unit 1, a second heat transfer unit 2 and a third heat transfer unit 3. The outer surface of the heat conducting layer 4 of the probe after three heat transfer units are arranged and the outer surface of the heat transfer units cover the heat insulating layer 5 of the probe. Preferably, the cavity is a stainless steel tubular cylinder, the three heat transfer units are cavities with different heights, the heat loss phenomenon also exists in the transverse directions of the heat transfer units with different heights, the temperature measurement accuracy of the detection probe can be influenced, the heat loss in the transverse directions of the heat transfer units with different heights can be effectively reduced by wrapping the heat insulation layer formed by the heat insulation material, and the reduction of the measurement accuracy caused by the temperature convection among the first heat transfer unit, the second heat transfer unit and the third heat transfer unit is isolated.
The heat conducting layer 4 of the probe is contacted with the skin of a human body, is preferably a regular triangle with the side length of 50mm and the thickness of 3mm, is made of polydimethylsiloxane PDMS (PDMS) which has certain viscoelasticity, hydrophobicity and no toxicity, and has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.15(25 ℃, W/m.k);
the probe heat insulation layer 5 is preferably made of polyurethane material with the thickness of 3mm, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material can be 0.02(25 ℃, W/m.k).
The central axes of the three heat transfer units are preferably distributed in a regular triangle with the side length of 25mm and are three stainless steel tubular columns with different heights, the end face of the heat transfer unit connected with the heat conducting layer 4 of the probe is called a first end face, and the other end face of the heat transfer unit is called a second end face.
As shown in fig. 2, the first heat transfer unit 1 includes a first temperature sensor 1a, a second temperature sensor 1b, a first heater 1 c; the first temperature sensor 1a is located at the geometric center position of the first end face of the first heat transfer unit 1, the second temperature sensor 1b is located at the geometric center position of the second end face of the first heat transfer unit 1, the first heater 1c is located at the geometric center position of the first heat transfer unit 1, and the cavity of the first heat transfer unit 1 is a first tubular column 6, preferably with the outer diameter of 10mm, the inner diameter of 8mm and the height of 10 mm. The first temperature sensor 1a, the second temperature sensor 1b and the first heater 1c are located on the central axis L1 of the first heat transfer unit of the first tubular column 6.
The second heat transfer unit 2 comprises a third temperature sensor 2a, a fourth temperature sensor 2b and a second heater 2 c; the third temperature sensor 2a is positioned at the geometric center position of the first end surface of the second heat transfer unit 2, the fourth temperature sensor 2b is positioned at the geometric center position of the second end surface of the second heat transfer unit 2, the second heater 2c is positioned at the geometric center position of the second heat transfer unit 2, and the cavity of the second heat transfer unit 2 is a second tubular column 7, preferably with the outer diameter of 10mm, the inner diameter of 8mm and the height of 7 mm. The third temperature sensor 2a, the fourth temperature sensor 2b, and the second heater 2c are located on the central axis L2 of the second heat transfer unit of the second tubular column 7.
As shown in fig. 3, the third heat transfer unit 3 includes a fifth temperature sensor 3a, a sixth temperature sensor 3b, a third heater 3 c; the fifth temperature sensor 3a is located at the geometric center position of the first end face of the third heat transfer unit 3, the sixth temperature sensor 3b is located at the geometric center position of the second end face of the third heat transfer unit 3, the third heater 3c is located at the geometric center position of the third heat transfer unit 3, and the cavity of the third heat transfer unit 3 is a third tubular column 8, preferably with the outer diameter of 10mm, the inner diameter of 8mm and the height of 5 mm. The fifth temperature sensor 3a, the sixth temperature sensor 3b, and the third heater 3c are located on the central axis L3 of the third heat transfer unit of the third tubular column 8.
The stainless steel tubular columns 6, 7 and 8 are made of materials with a thermal conductivity of 23(W/m.K), the inner cavities are filled with heat conduction materials 9, the heat conduction materials 9 are preferably aluminum alloy A360 powder, and the thermal conductivity of the materials is 113 (W/m.K).
Preferably, the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor type sensor, and the heater is a nichrome heating wire.
As shown in FIG. 4, the heat flux of the first heat transfer unit 1 and the second heat transfer unit 2 mounted on the surface of the human body is schematically shown, the temperature under the skin and subcutaneous tissue layer 10 of the human body is the core temperature Tcore1 of the human body, and it can be seen that there is a heat flow 11 transferred from the core region of the human body to the skin surface, a heat flow 12 transferred from the skin surface to the first heat transfer unit, and a heat flow 13 transferred from the skin surface to the second heat transfer unit. When temperature measurement starts, a temperature compensation algorithm is operated to heat the first heater 1c according to the temperatures measured by the first temperature sensor 1a and the second temperature sensor 1b, and the establishment of the thermal steady state of the first heat transfer unit 1 is accelerated. When temperature measurement starts, a temperature compensation algorithm is operated to heat the second heater 2c according to the temperatures measured by the third temperature sensor 2a and the fourth temperature sensor 2b, and the establishment of the thermal steady state of the second heat transfer unit 2 is accelerated.
As shown in fig. 5, the first heat transfer unit 1 and the third heat transfer unit 3 are schematically illustrated in heat flux when they are installed on the surface of the human body, and the temperature under the skin and subcutaneous tissue layer 10 of the human body is the core temperature Tcore2 of the human body; there can be seen a heat flow 11 from the core region of the body to the skin surface, a heat flow 12 from the skin surface to the first heat transfer unit and a heat flow 14 from the skin surface to the third heat transfer unit. When temperature measurement starts, a temperature compensation algorithm is operated to heat the first heater 1c according to the temperatures measured by the first temperature sensor 1a and the second temperature sensor 1b, and the establishment of the thermal steady state of the first heat transfer unit 1 is accelerated. When temperature measurement is started, a temperature compensation algorithm is operated to heat the third heater 3c according to the temperatures of the fifth temperature sensor 3a and the sixth temperature sensor 3b, and the establishment of the thermal steady state of the third heat transfer unit 3 is accelerated.
As shown in FIG. 6, the heat flux of the second heat transfer unit 2 and the third heat transfer unit 3 mounted on the surface of the human body is schematically shown, the temperature under the skin and subcutaneous tissue layer 10 of the human body is the core temperature Tcore3 of the human body, and it can be seen that a heat flow 11 is transmitted from the core region of the human body to the skin surface, a heat flow 13 is transmitted from the skin surface to the second heat transfer unit, and a heat flow 14 is radiated from the skin surface to the third heat transfer unit. When temperature measurement starts, a temperature compensation algorithm is operated to heat the second heater 2c according to the temperatures measured by the third temperature sensor 2a and the third temperature sensor 2b, and the establishment of the thermal steady state of the second heat transfer unit 2 is accelerated. When temperature measurement is started, the temperature compensation algorithm is operated to heat the third heater 3c according to the temperatures measured by the fifth temperature sensor 3a and the sixth temperature sensor 3b, and the establishment of the thermal steady state of the third heat transfer unit 3 is accelerated.
As shown in fig. 7, in the method for acquiring core body temperature according to this embodiment, temperature information is acquired by temperature sensors 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3 b; secondly, according to the temperature values of 1a, 2a and 3a, the temperature difference between 1a and 1b in the first heat transfer unit 1, the temperature difference between 2a and 2b in the second heat transfer unit 2 and the temperature difference between 3a and 3b in the third heat transfer unit, the heat transfer units are heated by a heater to respectively heat each heat transfer unit, so that the heat balance between each heat transfer unit and a human body is accelerated, and a temperature field after the heat balance of the detection probe is established; the temperature measured by each temperature sensor in the heat transfer unit is led into a self-adaptive filter based on a minimum gradient algorithm, and interference factors such as environment and the like are further filtered; then estimating three primary human body core temperatures based on a dual-channel heat flow model; and finally, carrying out combined compensation on the three acquired primary human body core temperatures by adopting an averaging method to process measurement errors caused by non-uniform human body transverse heat flow, thereby acquiring the final accurate human body core temperature.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing temperature change curves of the first end surface and the second end surface of the heat transfer unit under an ideal condition without a heater, which shows that the temperature change gradients of the first end surface and the second end surface of the heat transfer unit after reaching thermal equilibrium for a certain time are relatively good in consistency, and it can be seen that a stable temperature difference exists between the two end surfaces after establishing a steady state.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing a comparison of the effect of using a minimum gradient algorithm based filter after being subjected to an environmental disturbance factor. The fluctuation of the data obtained before the filtering algorithm is used is large after the data is subjected to environmental interference factors, and the fluctuation amplitude of the temperature change is obviously reduced after the adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm is used.
The heater heats the heat transfer unit, the temperature of the first end face of the heat transfer unit and the temperature difference between the first end face and the second end face in the process of establishing the heat balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe are transmitted to the control unit, the control unit compares the temperature value and the temperature difference value with a preset value and transmits a heating instruction, the heater heats the heat transfer unit to perform heating treatment, the establishment of the heat balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is accelerated, and when the temperature difference reaches the preset value, the heating is stopped. The heating treatment is a heating process controlled by a PID algorithm, and the heating power of the heater is regulated and controlled by PWM waves.
The invention relates to a self-adaptive filter based on a minimum gradient algorithm, which filters out interference factors such as environment and the like: after the thermal balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is established, if the temperature change gradient of the temperature sensor on the second end surface of the heat transfer unit in unit time is larger than the temperature change gradient of the temperature sensor on the surface, close to the human body, of the first end surface of the heat transfer unit, the temperature change gradient is considered to be interfered by environmental factors, and according to the fact that the temperature change gradient of the first end surface of the heat transfer unit shows a determined linear relation on the temperature change gradient of the two end surfaces of the heat transfer unit after the thermal balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is established, the temperature change gradient is converted into a gradient value to serve as the temperature change gradient of the second end surface of the heat transfer unit, and therefore the influence of the environmental factors is eliminated, and the real temperature change situation is obtained.
The adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm according to which the environmental factors are eliminated can be described by the formula as follows:
wherein T is when i is 1m1Represents the temperature T of the first end surface of the heat transfer unit measured m times after the human body and the temperature detection probe reach the steady staten1Denotes the temperature, K, of the first end face of the heat transfer unit measured after a time of deltat1Representing the temperature gradient of the first end surface of one heat transfer unit at that moment. When i is 2, Tm2Represents the temperature T of the second end surface of a heat transfer unit measured m times after the human body and the temperature detection probe reach a steady staten2Denotes the temperature, K, of the second end face of the heat transfer element measured after a time of deltat2Representing the temperature gradient at the second end face of one heat transfer unit at that moment. Under normal conditions, the temperature change gradient of the human body and the temperature detection probe after reaching the thermal balance is very small, and the temperature at the second end face of the heat transfer unit is obviously changed after the human body and the temperature detection probe are subjected to environmental interference factors, so that the k is influenced2Change in value, k1The temperature change gradient of the first end surface contacting with the human body is represented, and the temperature change gradient is not easily interfered by environmental factors. Whether the data are interfered by the environmental factors is judged by comparing the change of the K value, so that temperature measurement data influenced by the environmental factors are filtered.
The invention preliminarily estimates three human body core temperatures based on a dual-channel heat flow model, and the human body core temperatures are obtained by leading temperature information obtained by a temperature sensor in a human body core temperature detection probe into a human body core temperature calculation formula based on the dual-channel heat flow model.
First, three human body core temperatures are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, Tcore1Representing the core temperature, T, of the body measured by the first heat transfer unit1Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the first temperature sensor2Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the second temperature sensor3Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the third temperature sensor4Indicating the temperature detected by the fourth temperature sensor, H1Denotes the height H from the first end face to the second end face of the first heat transfer unit2Height from the first end face to the second end face of the second heat transfer unit, K1Represents H1And H2The height ratio of (a).
Second, the second core temperature is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, Tcore2Representing the core temperature, T, of the body measured by the second heat transfer unit1Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the first temperature sensor2Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the second temperature sensor5Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the fifth temperature sensor6Indicating the temperature detected by the sixth temperature sensor, H1Denotes the height H from the first end face to the second end face of the first heat transfer unit3Height from the first end face to the second end face of the third heat transfer unit, K2Represents H1And H3The height ratio of (a).
Third, the third core temperature is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, Tcore3Represents the core temperature, T, of the human body measured by the third heat transfer unit3Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the third temperature sensor4Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the fourth temperature sensor5Indicating the temperature, T, detected by the fifth temperature sensor6Indicating the temperature detected by the sixth temperature sensor, H2Height from the first end face to the second end face of the second heat transfer unit, H3Height from the first end face to the second end face of the third heat transfer unit, K3Represents H2And H3The height ratio of (a).
The invention relates to a method for acquiring temperature by a non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe, which is characterized in that the average method is combined with compensation processing: adding the average value of the three human body core temperature measurement values obtained after filtering treatment and the fixed empirical compensation value obtained by experiments to obtain the final human body core temperature, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula, Tcore0Indicates the final body core temperature, Tcore1Representing the first core temperature, Tcore2Representing the second core temperature, Tcore3Represents the third core temperature and ax represents the empirical compensation value.
The method for acquiring the empirical compensation value comprises the following steps: the ear temperature and the sublingual temperature of a human body are obtained by using a medical high-precision thermometer to be used as the core temperature of the human body, a plurality of groups of data are repeatedly measured and compared with the core temperature of the human body obtained by using the method in the text, and the difference value obtained by the data is used as an experience compensation value.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A non-invasive human body core temperature detection probe is characterized by comprising a probe heat conduction layer (4), at least three heat transfer units with different heights and a control unit;
the heat transfer unit is arranged on one surface of the probe heat conduction layer (4);
the heat transfer unit comprises a cavity, a temperature sensor and a heater; two end surfaces in the height direction of the cavity are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and a heater is arranged between the temperature sensors; the cavity is filled with heat conduction materials (9);
the control unit is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the heater;
the heat transfer unit acquires the human body surface temperature and the environment temperature information of two end faces in the height direction of the cavity through the temperature sensor and transfers the information to the control unit; the control unit calculates the temperature difference of the two end surfaces, compares the temperature difference with a preset value, controls the heater to heat each heat transfer unit when the temperature difference is lower than the preset value, and controls the heater to stop heating when the temperature difference reaches the preset value; specifically, the heater heats the heat transfer unit, the temperature of the first end face of the heat transfer unit and the temperature difference between the first end face and the second end face in the process of establishing the heat balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe are transmitted to the control unit, the control unit compares the temperature value and the temperature difference value with a preset value and transmits a heating instruction, the heater heats the heat transfer unit to perform heating treatment, the establishment of the heat balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is accelerated, and when the temperature difference reaches the preset value, the heating is stopped;
the temperature measured by each temperature sensor is led into a self-adaptive filter based on a minimum gradient algorithm in a control unit, and environmental interference factors are filtered; specifically, after the thermal balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is established, if the temperature change gradient of the temperature sensor on the second end face of the heat transfer unit in unit time is larger than the temperature change gradient of the temperature sensor on the surface, close to the human body, of the first end face of the heat transfer unit, the temperature change gradient is considered to be interfered by environmental factors, and according to the fact that the temperature change gradient of the first end face of the heat transfer unit and the temperature change gradient of the second end face of the heat transfer unit present a determined linear relation after the thermal balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is established, the temperature change gradient of the first end face of the heat transfer unit is converted into a gradient value to be used as the temperature change gradient of the second end face of the heat transfer unit, so that the influence of the environmental factors is eliminated, and the real temperature change condition is obtained;
estimating the primary human body core temperature measured by the heat transfer unit based on the dual-channel heat flow model;
and compensating the measurement error caused by uneven transverse heat flow of the human body by combining the obtained initial human body core temperature with an empirical compensation value by adopting an averaging method so as to obtain the final human body core temperature.
2. The noninvasive human body core temperature detecting probe according to claim 1, wherein the end face of the cavity in the height direction connected with the heat conducting layer (4) of the probe is called a first end face, and the other end face is called a second end face; the temperature sensor on the first end face is used for measuring the surface temperature of a human body, and the temperature sensor on the second end face is used for measuring the temperature of the environment.
3. The noninvasive body core temperature detecting probe according to claim 1, characterized in that the probe heat conducting layer (4) and the outer surface of the cavity of the heat conducting unit are provided with probe heat insulating layer (5).
4. The non-invasive body core temperature detecting probe according to claim 1, wherein the cavity is a tubular cylinder.
5. The non-invasive human core temperature detecting probe according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is located at the geometric center of the end face; the heater is positioned at the geometric center of the cavity.
6. The non-invasive body core temperature detecting probe according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor type sensor.
7. The method for detecting the noninvasive human body core temperature detecting probe according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
temperature collection: the heat transfer unit acquires the human body surface temperature and the environmental temperature information of two end surfaces in the height direction of the cavity through the temperature sensor and transmits the information to the control unit;
and (3) quickly establishing a temperature field after heat balance of the heat conducting layer (4) of the probe: the control unit calculates the temperature difference of the two end surfaces, compares the temperature difference with a preset value, controls the heater to heat each heat transfer unit when the temperature difference is lower than the preset value, and controls the heater to stop heating when the temperature difference reaches the preset value; specifically, the heater heats the heat transfer unit, the temperature of the first end face of the heat transfer unit and the temperature difference between the first end face and the second end face in the process of establishing the heat balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe are transmitted to the control unit, the control unit compares the temperature value and the temperature difference value with a preset value, a heating instruction is transmitted, the heater heats the heat transfer unit to perform heating treatment, the establishment of the heat balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is accelerated, and the heating is stopped when the temperature difference reaches the preset value;
filtering environmental interference factors: the temperature measured by each temperature sensor is led into a self-adaptive filter based on a minimum gradient algorithm in a control unit, and environmental interference factors are filtered; specifically, after the thermal balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is established, if the temperature change gradient of the temperature sensor on the second end face of the heat transfer unit in unit time is larger than the temperature change gradient of the temperature sensor on the surface, close to the human body, of the first end face of the heat transfer unit, the temperature change gradient is considered to be interfered by environmental factors, and according to the fact that the temperature change gradient of the first end face of the heat transfer unit and the temperature change gradient of the second end face of the heat transfer unit present a determined linear relation after the thermal balance between the human body and the core temperature detection probe is established, the temperature change gradient of the first end face of the heat transfer unit is converted into a gradient value to be used as the temperature change gradient of the second end face of the heat transfer unit, so that the influence of the environmental factors is eliminated, and the real temperature change condition is obtained;
preliminarily estimating the core temperature of the human body: estimating the primary human body core temperature measured by the heat transfer unit based on the dual-channel heat flow model;
obtaining the final human body core temperature: and compensating the measurement error caused by uneven transverse heat flow of the human body by combining the obtained initial human body core temperature with an empirical compensation value by adopting an averaging method so as to obtain the final human body core temperature.
8. The method for detecting the core temperature of the noninvasive body of claim 7, wherein the adaptive filter based on the minimum gradient algorithm in the step of filtering out the environmental interference factors is represented by the following formula:
Kia temperature change gradient representing a certain period of time of the corresponding ith temperature sensor on the end face of the heat transfer unit,
Tmirepresenting the temperature value of the corresponding ith temperature sensor at the m-th moment after the heat transfer unit reaches the steady state,
Tnirepresents the temperature value of the corresponding ith temperature sensor at the n moment after the heat transfer unit reaches the steady state,
at represents the time interval between time m and time n,
ΔTmi-niand the temperature change value of the ith temperature sensor in the time interval of the m time and the n time is represented.
9. The method for detecting the noninvasive body core temperature detecting probe of claim 7, wherein in the step of preliminarily estimating the body core temperature, a preliminary body core temperature formula is obtained based on a two-channel heat flow model as follows:
the second formula is suitable for any two heat transfer units of the temperature detection probe to carry out primary acquisition of the core temperature of the human body,
Tcorenrepresents the nth preliminary human body core temperature, n is 1, 2, 3 …;
Tathe temperature value T obtained by the temperature sensor of the first end surface corresponding to one of the two heat transfer units of the detection probe is shownbA temperature value representing a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor at a second end face of the heat transfer unit;
Tca temperature value T acquired by a temperature sensor of the first end surface corresponding to the other heat transfer unit of any two heat transfer units of the probedA temperature value representing a temperature value acquired by a temperature sensor at a second end face of the other heat transfer unit;
H1represents the height value H between the first end surface and the second end surface corresponding to one heat transfer unit of any two heat transfer units2Representing a height value between the corresponding first end surface and the second end surface of the other heat transfer unit;
k represents the ratio of the heights between the end faces of the two heat transfer units.
10. The method for detecting the noninvasive body core temperature detecting probe according to claim 9, wherein the step of obtaining the final body core temperature comprises:
and adding the obtained preliminary human body core temperature measurement value average value and the experience compensation value to obtain the final human body core temperature, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula, Tcore0Which represents the final core temperature of the human body,
Tcorenwhich represents the nth preliminary human body core temperature, n can take the values of 1, 2 and 3 …,
Δ X represents an empirically compensated temperature value.
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