CN109632144B - Measuring probe for determining temperature of biological core - Google Patents
Measuring probe for determining temperature of biological core Download PDFInfo
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- CN109632144B CN109632144B CN201910059078.3A CN201910059078A CN109632144B CN 109632144 B CN109632144 B CN 109632144B CN 201910059078 A CN201910059078 A CN 201910059078A CN 109632144 B CN109632144 B CN 109632144B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/20—Clinical contact thermometers for use with humans or animals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/16—Special arrangements for conducting heat from the object to the sensitive element
- G01K1/18—Special arrangements for conducting heat from the object to the sensitive element for reducing thermal inertia
Abstract
A measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core is disclosed. The invention improves the structure of the double-heat-flow core temperature probe, designs two heat transfer units into a table body with a small upper part and a large lower part, so that a first temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor which are used for being attached to the surface of skin are respectively embedded into the bottom end surfaces of the two table bodies with larger areas, and correspondingly, a second temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are carried on the top end surfaces of the two heat transfer units with smaller areas far away from the skin. The heat flow generated from the region to be measured of the core temperature of the human body flows into the probe through the skin surface, and the heat flow tends to pass through the region with smaller heat resistance due to the larger heat resistance of the heat insulation unit, so that the heat flow passes through the heat transfer unit in the shape of a table body as much as possible, and the occurrence of horizontal heat flow is structurally reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring probe for determining the temperature of a biological core, belonging to the field of physiological signal detection and medical instruments and equipment.
Background
The core body temperature is an important basis for people to judge whether the human body is healthy or not, and the constant body temperature is maintained, so that the core body temperature is a necessary condition for ensuring normal metabolism and vital activity. Unlike other vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure, the core body temperature is relatively insensitive to changes due to psychological and emotional states, and thus, among many physiological signals, the core body temperature is widely used as an important indicator for assessing current health conditions,
existing home monitoring wearable devices claiming to continuously measure core body temperature on skin are very inaccurate: the core temperature is widely measured on the market by utilizing the axillary temperature, the ear temperature and the forehead temperature to approximate the core body temperature (the viscera temperature and the brain temperature), so that the error is large, and the influence of the ambient temperature is large; 3M has proposed a sensor for measuring core temperature using the principle of zero heat flow, but there is a need for a precise control loop and heating element to maintain the heat flow at 0, which is difficult to integrate in wearable devices, mainly for applications in hospital surgery monitoring etc.
At present, the research on the wearable core temperature probe mainly comprises a single-channel heat flow method and a double-channel heat flow method; the single-channel heat flow method is characterized in that a single heat conduction unit is adopted, heat is transmitted to the environment from the deep part of tissue to the surface of skin through the single heat conduction unit, the core temperature of the body is reversely calculated through the proportional relation of the heat in two sections of conduction paths, but the proportional relation caused by different heat conduction capacities of tissues of different tissues and different individuals is different, calibration is needed before the probe is used, and the process is complicated; the two-channel heat flow rule has two heat conduction units, the defect of individual difference is well avoided through the proportion relation of the heat flow paths of the two heat conduction units at similar distances, but the two heat conduction units have transverse heat flow paths and have systematic errors with a theoretical model.
In the patent application 201811072271.2, a non-invasive core temperature measurement probe is disclosed. The geometrical centers of the two end faces of the heat transfer unit are embedded with temperature sensors, and the side faces of the heat transfer unit are also embedded with temperature sensors. In the scheme, the third temperature sensor and the sixth temperature sensor embedded in the side face of the heat transfer unit are used for compensating the temperature difference caused by the transverse heat flow loss, so that the calculated first core temperature and second core temperature are more accurate. However, the use of the side temperature sensor only compensates the horizontal heat flow digitally, but the horizontal heat flow cannot be reduced physically, and the addition of the sensor tends to complicate the probe structure and also has a negative effect on the aspects of cost, life, stability, etc. Therefore, how to further improve such a temperature probe is a technical problem to be solved by the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defect that a dual-heat-flow core temperature probe in the prior art actually has horizontal heat flow, and provides a measuring probe with a novel structure for determining the temperature of a biological core.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purposes is as follows:
a measuring probe for determining the temperature of the biological core, which comprises a first heat transfer unit, a second heat transfer unit, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor, a first heat insulation unit and a second heat insulation unit;
the first heat transfer unit is a table body, and the cross section area of the table body is gradually reduced from bottom to top; a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively embedded in the bottom end face and the top end face of the first heat transfer unit; the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are positioned on the central axis of the table body;
the second heat transfer unit is a table body, and the cross section area of the table body is gradually reduced from bottom to top; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are respectively embedded in the bottom end face and the top end face of the second heat transfer unit; the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor are positioned on the central axis of the table body;
the first heat transfer unit and the second heat transfer unit are arranged side by side, and the bottom surfaces of the two units are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the first heat insulation unit wraps the top end face and the side face of the first heat transfer unit, and the second heat insulation unit wraps the top end face and the side face of the second heat transfer unit; the first heat transfer unit and the second heat transfer unit have different heights or materials thereof have different heat conductivity coefficients.
According to the invention, by changing the structure of the double-heat-flow core temperature probe, two heat transfer units are changed into a table shape, so that the heat loss flow in the transverse direction of the heat transfer unit of the sensor can be ignored, and the accuracy of predicting the core temperature is improved. Based on the foregoing, the present invention may further provide one or more of the following preferred implementations.
Further, a first channel for passing the wire is reserved in the bottom end face of the first heat transfer unit along the radial direction from the central shaft of the first heat transfer unit; in the bottom end face of the second heat transfer unit, a second channel for passing the wire is also reserved in the radial direction from the central axis of the second heat transfer unit. The occurrence of horizontal heat flow is also caused by the fact that when the temperature sensors are connected to the external data transceiver unit by wires passing axially through the heat transfer unit, a horizontal heat flow is generated radially outwards from the center of the heat transfer unit. In the invention, a radial wire channel is reserved in the heat transfer unit, wires are led out from the heat transfer unit radially outwards, the heat transfer unit provides a larger heat buffering effect, and the heat transfer efficiency of the wires is greatly reduced; preferably, when materials with lower electrical resistance but lower thermal conductivity are used, the horizontal heat flow from the wires is reduced to a negligible level.
Further, the bottom surfaces of the first heat insulation unit and the second heat insulation unit, which are in contact with the skin, are provided with adhesive elements, so that the probe can be attached and held on the skin surface.
Further, the first, second, third and fourth temperature sensors are respectively carried in the geometric centers of the corresponding end faces.
Furthermore, the table body is a round table, so that the structure of the table body is more symmetrical, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the heat insulation unit and the heat transfer unit keep gapless close contact as much as possible, so that the heat insulation performance is improved.
Further, the heat transfer unit and the heat insulating unit may be made of different materials having different heat conductivity coefficients, preferably, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat transfer unit is greater than 0.2W/(m×k), and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulating unit is less than 0.1W/(m×k).
Further preferably, the first and second insulation units described above employ closed, air-evacuated cavities, which have proven to be the most efficient way of preventing horizontal heat flow currently used in core temperature probes.
As a further preference, the diameter of the bottom end face of the first heat transfer unit is 2 times the vertical distance of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and the diameter of the bottom end face of the second heat transfer unit is the same as the diameter of the bottom end face of the first heat transfer unit. In a still further preferred embodiment, the diameter of the bottom end face of the first heat transfer unit is the same as the diameter of the bottom end face of the second heat transfer unit, and the diameter of the bottom end face of the first heat transfer unit is 4 times the perpendicular distance of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.
Further, the side surface and the top end surface of the first heat insulation unit are covered with a heat radiation first shielding layer, and the side surface and the top end surface of the second heat insulation unit are covered with a heat radiation second shielding layer; the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer are uniform metal material layers. The heat radiation is one of three modes of heat transfer, and the heat radiation heat exchange between the inside of the temperature probe and the outside can be reduced by arranging the shielding layer. Preferably, the surface of the metal material layer is subjected to polishing treatment. It was confirmed that the heat radiation rate of any object was equal to the absorptivity thereof, and the use of a material with a lower heat radiation rate, which is polished on the surface of the metal-based material, on the outer side wall of the heat insulating layer, enabled a large reduction in the variation in the temperature inside the heat insulating body due to the influence of heat radiation.
Further, the layer thicknesses of the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer are 1mm or less.
Further, the bottom end surface of the first heat transfer unit is entirely covered with the first contact pad, and the bottom end surface of the second heat transfer unit is entirely covered with the second contact pad. When two materials of different temperature come into contact, heat exchange occurs, and the nature of the materials determines the rate of heat exchange. The surfaces appear as solid surfaces in contact with each other, and in fact contact occurs only on discrete area elements, the gaps between the non-contacted interfaces are often filled with air, and heat will pass through such an air gap layer in a thermally conductive manner, which results in a larger contact resistance than if the solid surfaces were in complete contact. In order to reduce the contact resistance and increase the heat exchange rate, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a first contact pad and a second contact pad are used, carried on the bottom end faces of the two heat transfer units, respectively. The outer edges of the two contact gaskets are overlapped with the outer edges of the bottom end faces of the two heat transfer units, but the hollow structures of the two contact gaskets are not guaranteed. The pad has certain flexibility and symmetrical structure, and can ensure that the contact thermal resistance of the probe and the skin surface of a non-completely flat object to be measured is reduced to be negligible.
Furthermore, the first contact pad and the second contact pad have symmetrical hollow structures, and the thickness of the first contact pad and the second contact pad is smaller than 1mm.
Further, the side surface of the first heat insulating unit is in contact with the side outer edge of the second heat insulating unit. When the two heat insulation units are flatly placed on the skin surface, the two heat transfer units are just in gapless contact with the skin.
Further, the longitudinal central axis of the first heat transfer unit and the longitudinal central axis of the second heat transfer unit are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the bottom surface of the measuring probe.
The method for acquiring the core temperature by using the measuring probe according to any one of the above schemes comprises the following steps:
attaching the measuring probe to the skin surface of the position to be measured, and measuring to obtain the induction temperatures of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor which are respectively T1, T3, T2 and T4;
calculating the core temperature T of the position to be measured according to the following formula c ：
In which parameter k=r 1 /R 2 ，R 1 Is the thermal resistance between the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, R 2 Is the thermal resistance between the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the structure of the double-heat-flow core temperature probe, designs two heat transfer units into a table body with a small upper part and a large lower part, so that a first temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor which are used for being attached to the surface of skin are respectively embedded into the bottom end surfaces of the two table bodies with larger areas, and correspondingly, a second temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are carried on the top end surfaces of the two heat transfer units with smaller areas far away from the skin. The heat flow generated from the region to be measured of the core temperature of the human body flows into the probe through the skin surface, and the heat flow tends to pass through the region with smaller heat resistance due to the larger heat resistance of the heat insulation unit, so that the heat flow passes through the heat transfer unit in the shape of a table body as much as possible, and the occurrence of horizontal heat flow is structurally reduced. Experiments prove that the structure can better reduce the interference heat flow which is in transverse direction and is in the sensor unit, and reduce the measurement error caused by the interference heat flow. Therefore, the invention is an improvement scheme for predicting the core temperature by a double heat flow method by changing the structure of the heat transfer unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the vertical/horizontal heat flux of the probe;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the probe structure in the comparative example;
FIG. 4 is a simplified labeling diagram of parameters in an embodiment;
fig. 5 is a simplified labeling diagram of parameters in the comparative example.
Reference numerals in the drawings: 1. a first heat transfer unit; 2. a second heat transfer unit; 1a, a first temperature sensor; 1b, a second temperature sensor; 2a, a third temperature sensor; 2b, a fourth temperature sensor; 3. a first heat insulation unit; 4. a second heat insulation unit; z1. first heat transfer unit central shaft; z2. second heat transfer unit central shaft; d1. a bottom end surface (an end surface in contact with the skin surface) of the first heat transfer unit; u1. top end face of the first heat transfer unit; e1. a side surface of the first heat transfer unit; d2. a bottom end surface (an end surface in contact with the skin surface) of the second heat transfer unit; u2. top end face of the second heat transfer unit; e2. a side of the second heat transfer unit; u3. end faces of the first insulating units; e3. a side surface of the first heat insulation unit; u4. a top end face of the second insulating unit; e4. a side surface of the second heat insulation unit; 5. a first contact pad; 6. a second contact pad; 7. a first shielding layer; 8. a second shielding layer; 9. heat flow from the core temperature region to the skin layer; 10. a vertical heat flow from the skin layer to the first heat transfer unit; 11. a vertical heat flow from the skin layer to the second heat transfer unit; 12. heat flow through the sides of the first heat transfer unit; 13. heat flow through the side of the second heat transfer unit; tc. the core temperature of the organism is measured; 14. a first channel; 15. and a second channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the main components of the measuring probe for determining the temperature of the biological core in the present embodiment include a first heat transfer unit 1, a second heat transfer unit 2, a first temperature sensor 1a, a second temperature sensor 1b, a third temperature sensor 2a, a fourth temperature sensor 2b, a first heat insulation unit 3, and a second heat insulation unit 4.
Wherein the first heat transfer unit 1 is a truncated cone, and the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone gradually decreases from bottom to top. When in use, the bottom end face of the truncated cone is abutted against the surface of the skin, and the top end face is far away from the skin. The first temperature sensor 1a and the second temperature sensor 1b are respectively embedded in the bottom end surface d1 and the top end surface u1 of the first heat transfer unit 1, and in order to maintain the accuracy of measurement, the first temperature sensor 1a and the second temperature sensor 1b are both arranged at the geometric center of the corresponding end surfaces, namely, the center of a circle. Since the truncated cone is a three-dimensional body with axisymmetry, the first temperature sensor 1a and the second temperature sensor 1b are both located on the vertical central axis of the truncated cone.
Similarly, the second heat transfer unit 2 is also a truncated cone, and the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone gradually decreases from bottom to top. A third temperature sensor 2a and a fourth temperature sensor 2b are respectively embedded in the bottom end face d2 and the top end face u2 of the second heat transfer unit 2, and the two temperature sensors are also arranged at the center of the respective end faces. Similarly, the third temperature sensor 2a and the fourth temperature sensor 2b are both positioned on the vertical central axis of the truncated cone.
In this probe, a first heat transfer unit 1 and a second heat transfer unit 2 are arranged side by side. The longitudinal central axis of the first heat transfer unit 1 and the longitudinal central axis of the second heat transfer unit 2 are symmetrical with respect to the bottom surface central axis of the measuring probe. According to the double heat flow model, the bottom end face d1 of the first heat transfer unit 1 and the bottom end face d2 of the second heat transfer unit need to be on the same horizontal plane, and the horizontal plane formed by the two needs to be used as a reference plane, but the top end face u1 of the first heat transfer unit and the top end face u2 of the second heat transfer unit need to be located at different heights so as to ensure that the thermal resistances of the two units are different. Of course, in other embodiments, the thermal resistance may be maintained different by using materials having different thermal conductivity for the two heat transfer units.
Before the first temperature sensor 1a, the second temperature sensor 1b, the third temperature sensor 2a and the fourth temperature sensor 2b are used, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor need to be calibrated with high-precision temperature sensors, so that the precision is within 0.1 ℃. In addition, since each temperature sensor in the present invention needs to accurately detect temperature data of its own position, heat exchange between the external environment and the heat transfer unit needs to be blocked by the heat insulation unit. In this embodiment, the heat insulating function is achieved by two cylindrical heat insulating units. The side e3 of the first insulating unit 3 is in tangential contact with the outer edge of the side e4 of the second insulating unit 4. The inner cavities of the two heat insulation units are provided with a cavity which can be completely sealed with the heat conduction unit, the top end face u1 and the side face e1 of the first heat transfer unit 1 can be wrapped through the first heat insulation unit 3, the top end face u2 and the side face e2 of the second heat transfer unit 2 can be wrapped through the second heat insulation unit 4, and the inner walls of the two heat insulation units are in tight contact with the heat transfer unit without gaps as much as possible. The two heat transfer units are respectively wrapped by a first heat insulation unit 3 and a second heat insulation unit 4 in a cover shape, so that a probe structure is formed. The heat flow 9 from the core temperature zone to the skin layer is transported through the skin surface to the heat transfer unit, the vertical heat flow 10 from the skin layer to the first heat transfer unit, the vertical heat flow 11 from the skin layer to the second heat transfer unit is further transported upwards in the heat transfer unit. Moreover, since the two heat transfer units are in the form of a truncated cone, the sides of which are in contact with the heat insulation unit in the form of a slope, referring to fig. 2, since the heat resistance of the heat insulation unit is large, the heat flow tends to pass through the region where the heat resistance is small, so that the heat flow 12 passing through the side of the first heat transfer unit and the heat flow 13 passing through the side of the second heat transfer unit still continue to flow upwards, pass through the heat transfer unit in the form of a truncated cone as much as possible, and do not continue to spread outside the heat insulation unit, thereby structurally reducing the occurrence of horizontal heat flow.
In addition, heat radiation is another form of heat conduction, and the heat radiation is also required to be blocked in the invention. In the present embodiment, the side surface e3 and the top end surface u3 of the first heat insulating unit 3 are covered with the heat radiation first shielding layer 7, and the side surface e4 and the top end surface u4 of the second heat insulating unit 4 are covered with the heat radiation second shielding layer 8. The first shielding layer 7 and the second shielding layer 8 are uniform metallic tin layers, the reflection coefficient is below 0.1, and the layer thickness is below 0.1 mm. The reflection coefficient is low, so that the heat dissipated by the probe through a heat radiation mode can be reduced; the layer thickness is smaller in order to minimize the probe volume.
In addition, in other preferred embodiments, in order to reduce the contact thermal resistance and increase the heat exchange rate, the bottom end surface d1 of the first heat transfer unit 1 may be entirely covered with the first contact pad 5, and the bottom end surface d2 of the second heat transfer unit 2 may be entirely covered with the second contact pad 6. If the first contact pad 5 and the second contact pad 6 are provided, they preferably have symmetrical hollow structures, and the thickness is smaller than 1mm. However, in this embodiment, silicone oil is directly and uniformly applied between the contact surfaces of the skin and the core probe, so as to achieve the above-mentioned effect of reducing contact thermal resistance, and ensure good thermal contact between the contact surfaces.
In order to reduce as much as possible the lateral heat flow due to the low thermal conductivity of the wires, a first channel 14 for the passage of the wires is reserved in the bottom end face d1 of the first heat transfer unit 1 in the radial direction starting from the central axis z1 of the first heat transfer unit; in the bottom end face d2 of the second heat transfer unit 2, a second channel (15) for the lead-through is also reserved in the radial direction starting from the second heat transfer unit central axis z2.
When the measuring probe is used, the probe can be fixed on the skin of the surface of a living body through a binding belt or medical double-sided adhesive tape. When the medical double faced adhesive tape is used, the medical double faced adhesive tape can be adhered to the bottom surface positions of the first heat insulation unit 3 and the second heat insulation unit 4, which are contacted with the skin. Of course, other means of attachment or securement may be used if desired.
The measuring principle of the measuring probe is based on a double heat flow method, and the invention is described in detail below. For convenience of description, the first temperature sensor 1a, the second temperature sensor 1b, the third temperature sensor 2a, and the fourth temperature sensor 2b are respectively denoted asT1, T3, T2, T4. Assuming that the heat flow through the two heat flow directions is the same, R 1 、R 2 、R s Respectively, between T1 and T3, between T2 and T4, between T1 or T2 and the core temperature zone, then
Let k=r 1 /R 2 Therefore, the core temperature T based on the double heat flow method c The calculation formula can be expressed as:
the expression for K is obtained by deforming the above expression as follows:
therefore, through pre-experiments, the K value of a certain probe can be calculated. In the subsequent measurement process, the K value is assumed to be unchanged and can be obtained through T c The expression formula of (2) calculates its value.
The present invention performs a hot plate experiment on the measurement probe in the above-described embodiment to demonstrate the effect thereof. Meanwhile, in order to verify the technical effect brought by the structural improvement of the heat transfer unit, a comparative example is also provided, and the heat transfer unit is compared with the embodiment of the invention for display. The comparative example differs from the example only in the structure of the two heat transfer units, in which the first heat transfer unit 1 and the second heat transfer unit 2 each use a circular truncated cone, whereas in the comparative example each use cylinders of equal diameter up and down, the diameters of the two cylinders are the same as the diameters of the bottom end surfaces of the two circular truncated cones.
Specific parameters in examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table, and the unit of parameter is mm. In the table, the radius of the heat-insulating unit is denoted as radius, the radius of the bottom end faces of the two heat-transfer units is denoted as Radii, the radius of the top end faces of the two heat-transfer units is denoted as cap, the height difference between the top end faces of the two heat-transfer units and the top end faces of the heat-insulating units is denoted as height, the height of the first heat-insulating unit 3 is denoted as H, and the height of the second heat-insulating unit 4 is denoted as H.
| Parameters (parameters) | Radii | radii | cap | height | H | h |
| Examples | 18 | 17 | 5 | 1 | 11 | 5 |
| Comparative example | 18 | 17 | 17 | 1 | 11 | 5 |
In the two probes of the examples and the comparative examples, the heat transfer unit is internally filled with polydimethylsiloxane PDMS, and the mass ratio of the preparation is as follows: hardener = 10:1.
the protocol for the hotplate experiments is as follows:
the hot plate model used for the experiment was the Super-Nuova series of Thermo Scientific company. In a hot plate experiment, a circular PDMS block with the thickness of 5mm is manufactured to simulate skin and subcutaneous tissue layers, and before the experiment, silicone oil is uniformly smeared on contact surfaces of the skin layers and a core probe so as to ensure good thermal contact between the contact surfaces. In this scheme, the temperature of the hot plate is regarded as the core temperature Tc, the temperature of the hot plate can be controlled by adjusting the hot plate, the actual value of the temperature is measured by two NTC temperature sensors (18 mm apart) which are arranged on the hot plate as shown in the figure, and the average value of the temperature measured values Tc1 and Tc2 of the two temperature sensors is taken as the actual value of Tc. The sampling rate of the four temperature sensors T1-T4 in the core temperature probe is set to be 0.5Hz, and the transmitted data are substituted into the core temperature calculation formula of the double heat flow method, so that the core temperature T can be calculated c And comparing the predicted value with the actual value to calculate a prediction error. The ambient temperature was 20℃when measured.
When the experiment starts, the temperature of the hot plate is set to 39 ℃, and when the heat balance is established and the readings of all temperature sensors are stable, the K value is calculated according to a K value calculation formula. The experimental time was 70min for each experiment, and 50-70min was taken as the stable time period for each experiment to calculate the experimental data in tables 1 and 3.
After 70min, the data were emptied, the hotplate temperature was set to 40 ℃, and the data of tables 2, 4 were calculated in the same step.
Table 1 example probe data at a hotplate temperature of 39 c
| Thot | K | var(K) | err | var(err) | Te | Teout | date |
| 39 | 0.2059 | 0.0183 | 0.1415 | 0.0763 | 34.0538 | 24.7240 | 20190104 |
| 39 | 0.2591 | 0.0156 | 0.0528 | 0.0435 | 34.1960 | 25.2564 | 20190104 |
| 39 | 0.4350 | 0.0123 | 0.0342 | 0.0314 | 33.4952 | 21.2238 | 20190107 |
| 39 | 0.4283 | 0.0210 | 0.0835 | 0.0661 | 34.1917 | 24.6298 | 20190107 |
| 39 | 0.2749 | 0.0286 | 0.2216 | 0.1226 | 33.5971 | 22.2326 | 20190104 |
| 39 | 0.2946 | 0.0237 | 0.2311 | 0.1219 | 33.2459 | 22.3806 | 20190104 |
Table 2 example probe data at a hotplate temperature of 40 c
| Thot | K | var(K) | err | var(err) | Te | Teout | date |
| 40 | 0.2470 | 0.0186 | 0.0836 | 0.0601 | 35.3469 | 25.1022 | 20190104 |
| 40 | 0.3557 | 0.0170 | 0.0378 | 0.0256 | 35.4637 | 25.5772 | 20190104 |
| 40 | 0.5120 | 0.0221 | 0.0608 | 0.0768 | 34.9996 | 23.9520 | 20190107 |
| 40 | 0.5231 | 0.0212 | 0.0448 | 0.0315 | 35.2686 | 24.9955 | 20190107 |
| 40 | 0.1762 | 0.0096 | 0.0326 | 0.0211 | 35.0150 | 22.4268 | 20190111 |
| 40 | 0.1930 | 0.0106 | 0.0672 | 0.0577 | 34.5888 | 22.6237 | 20190111 |
Table 3 data for comparative probe at a hot plate temperature of 39 c
| Thot | K | var(K) | err | var(err) | Te | Teout | date |
| 39 | 3.7501 | 0.1170 | 0.7448 | 0.4257 | 33.7022 | 25.0419 | 20190108 |
| 39 | 3.8387 | 0.1293 | 0.1842 | 0.1140 | 33.9940 | 25.1214 | 20190108 |
| 39 | 3.2412 | 0.1241 | 1.7018 | 1.0156 | 32.7338 | 22.4527 | 20190113 |
| 39 | 2.8812 | 0.0390 | 0.2459 | 0.2533 | 31.5567 | 29.8416 | 20180906 |
Table 4 data for comparative probe at 40 c hot plate temperature
| Thot | K | var(K) | err | var(err) | Te | Teout | date |
| 40 | 3.0868 | 0.0680 | 0.3184 | 0.2690 | 34.9327 | 25.3991 | 20190108 |
| 40 | 3.0853 | 0.0816 | 0.2344 | 0.1774 | 35.0225 | 25.4079 | 20190108 |
| 40 | 4.7619 | 0.1580 | 0.0853 | 0.0518 | 34.7922 | 23.9201 | 20190113 |
| 40 | 3.0071 | 0.0681 | 0.2982 | 0.0982 | 30.7793 | 28.3233 | 20180906 |
In the above table:
k is an average value of K obtained in 50-70min according to a K value calculation formula;
var (K) is the standard deviation of the K value of 50-70min, and represents the variation degree of the K value in the stable phase, wherein the smaller the variation degree is, the better;
err is the average value of the difference between the core temperature calculated by K and the actual core temperature for 50-70 min;
var (err) is the standard deviation of the core temperature calculated by K and the actual core temperature difference value of 50-70min, and is used for representing the fluctuation condition of the error;
te is the average value of the ambient temperature near the probe for 50-70 min;
teout is the average value of the environmental temperature of the experimental system for 50-70 min;
comparing the above data, it is concluded that:
1) In the single hot plate temperature stage, the fluctuation of the K value calculated by the probe measurement data in the embodiment is smaller, the core temperature is predicted by using the K value average value of a period of time, and the obtained errors are smaller. Under the same conditions, the K value calculated by the measurement data of the comparative example probe is not as stable as that of the example, the core temperature is predicted by using the mean value of the K value in the same time period, and the obtained errors are larger than those of the current model. Therefore, the invention changes the heat transfer unit structure into a table shape, and can effectively avoid the systematic error of the measurement system caused by the existence of larger horizontal heat flow.
2) In addition, the data of 40 ℃ is always better than the data of 39 ℃ in the comparative example or the embodiment, so that the preheating of the probe for a period of time can be considered in the actual measurement process, and the prediction accuracy of the probe can be improved.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the structures of the first shielding layer, the second shielding layer, the first contact pad, the second contact pad and the like can be deleted and adjusted according to actual needs. The materials used for the elements can be selected according to the actual shape, so long as the corresponding functional requirements can be met. The table body of the invention can also adopt the forms of a frustum and the like besides the round table. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core, characterized by: the device comprises a first heat transfer unit (1), a second heat transfer unit (2), a first temperature sensor (1 a), a second temperature sensor (1 b), a third temperature sensor (2 a), a fourth temperature sensor (2 b), a first heat insulation unit (3) and a second heat insulation unit (4);
the first heat transfer unit (1) is a table body, and the cross section area of the table body is gradually reduced from bottom to top; a first temperature sensor (1 a) and a second temperature sensor (1 b) are respectively embedded in the bottom end face (d 1) and the top end face (u 1) of the first heat transfer unit (1); the first temperature sensor (1 a) and the second temperature sensor (1 b) are positioned on the central axis of the table body; a first channel (14) for passing the wire is reserved in the bottom end surface (d 1) of the first heat transfer unit (1) along the radial direction from the central axis (z 1) of the first heat transfer unit; in the bottom end face (d 2) of the second heat transfer unit (2), a second channel (15) for passing the wire is also reserved in the radial direction from the central axis (z 2) of the second heat transfer unit;
the second heat transfer unit (2) is a table body, and the cross section area of the table body is gradually reduced from bottom to top; the table body is a round table; a third temperature sensor (2 a) and a fourth temperature sensor (2 b) are respectively embedded in the bottom end face (d 2) and the top end face (u 2) of the second heat transfer unit (2); the third temperature sensor (2 a) and the fourth temperature sensor (2 b) are positioned on the central axis of the table body;
the first heat transfer unit (1) and the second heat transfer unit (2) are arranged side by side, and the bottom surfaces of the two units are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the first heat insulation unit (3) wraps the top end face (u 1) and the side face (e 1) of the first heat transfer unit (1), and the second heat insulation unit (4) wraps the top end face (u 2) and the side face (e 2) of the second heat transfer unit (2); the first heat transfer unit (1) and the second heat transfer unit (2) have different heights or materials thereof have different heat conductivity coefficients.
2. The measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core of claim 1, wherein: the bottom surfaces of the first heat insulation unit (3) and the second heat insulation unit (4) which are contacted with the skin are provided with adhesive elements.
3. A measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core according to claim 1, wherein: the side face (e 3) and the top end face (u 3) of the first heat insulation unit (3) are covered with a heat radiation first shielding layer (7), and the side face (e 4) and the top end face (u 4) of the second heat insulation unit (4) are covered with a heat radiation second shielding layer (8); the first shielding layer (7) and the second shielding layer (8) are uniform layers of metal material.
4. A measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core according to claim 3, characterized in that: the layer thickness of the first shielding layer (7) and the second shielding layer (8) is below 1mm.
5. The measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core of claim 1, wherein: the bottom end face (d 1) of the first heat transfer unit (1) is fully covered with a first contact gasket (5), and the bottom end face (d 2) of the second heat transfer unit (2) is fully covered with a second contact gasket (6).
6. Measuring probe for determining the temperature of a biological core according to claim 5, characterized in that the first contact pad (5) and the second contact pad (6) have symmetrical hollowed-out structures, and the thickness is less than 1mm.
7. The measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core of claim 1, wherein: the side surface (e 3) of the first heat insulation unit (3) is in contact with the outer edge of the side surface (e 4) of the second heat insulation unit (4).
8. The measurement probe for determining the temperature of a biological core of claim 1, wherein: the longitudinal central axis of the first heat transfer unit (1) and the longitudinal central axis of the second heat transfer unit (2) are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the bottom surface of the measuring probe.
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| CN112656384A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 浙江大学 | Core temperature measuring probe, system and method |
| CN112704477B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江大学 | Core temperature measuring probe and method of sandwich type structure |
| CN113188683B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-01-25 | 湖南万脉医疗科技有限公司 | Human body temperature non-inductive detection system for wearing with wireless transmission function |
| CN113959596B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2024-03-29 | 嘉兴温芯智能科技有限公司 | Deep temperature measuring device and method |
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