CN110838801A - 车辆用逆变器系统 - Google Patents

车辆用逆变器系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110838801A
CN110838801A CN201811451112.3A CN201811451112A CN110838801A CN 110838801 A CN110838801 A CN 110838801A CN 201811451112 A CN201811451112 A CN 201811451112A CN 110838801 A CN110838801 A CN 110838801A
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China
Prior art keywords
inverter
motor
switching device
pulse width
output power
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金凡植
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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Publication of CN110838801A publication Critical patent/CN110838801A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
    • B60L15/08—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using pulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
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    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/526—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/80—Time limits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种车辆用逆变器系统。该系统包括：能量存储装置，配置为存储电能；以及第一逆变器，包括多个第一开关器件并将能量存储装置中存储的能量转换为AC电力。第二逆变器包括多个与第一开关器件的类型不同的第二开关器件，并且与第一逆变器并联连接到能量存储装置。第二逆变器将能量存储装置中存储的能量转换成AC电力。电动机由第一逆变器和第二逆变器转换的AC电力驱动。控制器基于电动机的所需输出功率生成PWM信号，并且通过将生成的PWM信号输入到第一逆变器和第二逆变器中的至少一者或多者来操作电动机。

Description

车辆用逆变器系统
技术领域
本公开内容涉及一种车辆用逆变器系统，并且更具体地涉及一种通过根据车辆的所需输出功率驱动逆变器来提高效率和输出的车辆用逆变器系统。
背景技术
近来，已经积极地开发了与使用电能作为驱动车辆的动力的环保型车辆相关的技术，以应对空气污染和油耗竭。环保型车辆包括混合动力电动车、燃料电池电动车和电动车。
同时，如图1所示，根据相关技术中用于实现高输出的汽车逆变器系统，通过并联连接多个开关元件S1-S6来驱动电动机以实现高输出。然而，虽然在相关技术的逆变器系统中通过将多个开关元件并联连接到电动机能够实现高输出，但是由于在电动机要求相对小输出功率的环保型驱动模式下开关元件过多的开关损耗和导通损耗，车辆的整体燃料效率可能降低。
近来，为了解决该问题，已经积极地进行了涉及在电动机要求相对小输出功率的环保型驱动模式下具有最小损耗的碳化硅场效应晶体管(SiC-FET)的研究。然而，SiC-FET与Si-IGBT相比是昂贵的，并且由于其尺寸小而具有较差的散热能力，因此通过连接多个SiC-FET来配置逆变器存在限制。因此，需要能够利用Si-IGBT和SiC-FET两者的优点的逆变器系统。
发明内容
本公开内容提供一种车辆用逆变器系统，所述逆变器系统通过基于电动机的输出功率生成脉宽调制(PWM)信号并然后将PWM信号输入到第一逆变器和第二逆变器中的至少一者或多者来驱动电动机，从而提高车辆的效率和输出。
根据本公开内容的一方面，车辆用逆变器系统可包括：能量存储装置，配置为存储电能；第一逆变器，具有多个第一开关器件并配置为将能量存储装置中存储的能量转换为交流(AC)电力；第二逆变器，具有多个与第一开关器件的类型不同的第二开关器件，并且可与第一逆变器并联连接到能量存储装置，以及配置为将能量存储装置中存储的能量转换成AC电力；电动机，由第一逆变器和第二逆变器所转换的AC电力驱动；以及控制器，配置为基于电动机的所需输出功率生成脉宽调制(PWM)信号，并且配置为通过将所生成的PWM信号输入到第一逆变器和第二逆变器中的至少一者或多者来操作电动机。
第一开关器件可以是碳化硅场效应晶体管(SiC-FET)，并且第二开关器件可以是硅绝缘栅双极晶体管(Si-IGBT)。控制器可配置为当电动机的所需输出功率小于预定参考时，通过向第一开关器件输入PWM信号来驱动第一逆变器。控制器可配置为当电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，通过向第二开关器件输入PWM信号来驱动第二逆变器。
当电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器可配置为通过生成第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号并且将第一PWM信号输入到第一开关器件以及将第二PWM信号输入到第二开关器件来驱动第一逆变器和第二逆变器。控制器可配置为将第一PWM信号输入到第一开关器件以及将第二PWM信号输入到第二开关器件，比第一开关器件晚预定时间接通第二开关器件，并且比第一开关器件晚预定时间关断第二开关器件。
控制器可配置为将第二PWM信号输入第一开关器件以及将第一PWM信号输入第二开关器件，比第二开关器件晚预定时间接通第一开关器件，并且比第二开关器件晚预定时间关断第一开关器件。预定时间可以是第一PWM信号的周期的1/4。预定时间可以是第一PWM信号的周期的1/4。第一逆变器的开关损耗和导通损耗可小于第二逆变器的开关损耗和导通损耗。第一逆变器的用于驱动电动机的额定输出功率可小于第二逆变器的用于驱动电动机的额定输出功率。
电动机可以是单个电动机，其通过根据电动机的所需输出功率选择性地接收第一逆变器转换的电力或第二逆变器转换的电力，或者通过同时接收第一逆变器转换的电力和第二逆变器转换的电力而工作。电动机可包括由第一逆变器转换的电力驱动的第一电动机以及由第二逆变器转换的电力驱动的第二电动机。
根据本公开内容，可通过基于电动机的输出功率生成PWM信号并然后将PWM信号输入到第一逆变器和第二逆变器中的至少一者或多者来驱动电动机，从而提高车辆的效率和输出。进一步地，当电动机的所需输出功率大于预定水平时，可以通过将具有不同的接通/关断时间点的PWM信号输入到第一开关器件和第二开关器件而驱动第一逆变器和第二逆变器来减小逆变器系统的直流(DC)-链路电流纹波，并且因此降低制造成本。
附图说明
根据以下结合附图的具体实施方式，本公开内容的上述和其他方面、特征和优点将更加明显，其中：
图1是示出相关技术的逆变器系统的图；
图2是示出根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的车辆用逆变器系统的图；
图3是示出在根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的车辆用逆变器系统中当电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时输入到第一逆变器和第二逆变器的第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号的图；
图4是示出在根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的车辆用逆变器系统中第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号未移位时的DC链路电容器的电流纹波值的图；
图5是示出在根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的车辆用逆变器系统中第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号移位时的DC链路电容器的电流纹波值的图；且
图6是示出根据本公开内容的另一个示例性实施方式的逆变器系统的图。
具体实施方式
应理解，本文使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语包括通常的机动车，例如，包括多功能运动车(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商务车的客车，包括各种船只和船舶的水运工具，飞行器等等，并且包括混合动力车、电动车、插入式混合动力电动车、氢动力车和其它代用燃料车(例如，来源于石油以外的资源的燃料)。如本文所提到的，混合动力车是具有两种或多种动力源的车辆，例如，具有汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
尽管示例性实施方式描述为使用多个单元来实施示例性操作，但可以理解的是，也可以通过一个或多个模块来实施示例性操作。此外，可以理解的是术语控制器/控制单元是指包括存储器和处理器的硬件装置。存储器配置成储存模块，并且处理器具体配置成执行所述模块以实施以下进一步描述的一个或多个操作。
此外，本发明的控制逻辑可实施为含有通过处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的例子包括但不限于，ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、优盘、智能卡和光学数据存储装置。还能够在网络耦合的计算机系统中分布计算机可读记录介质，使得例如通过远程信息处理服务器或控制器局域网(CAN)以分散的方式存储并且执行计算机可读介质。
本文使用的术语仅仅是为了说明具体实施方式的目的而不是意在限制本发明。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”也意在包括复数形式，除非上下文中清楚指明。还可以理解的是，在说明书中使用的术语“包括”和/或“包含”是指存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素和/或部件，但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、部件和/或其群组。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合。
除非特别说明或从上下文明显得到，否则本文所用的术语“约”理解为在本领域的正常容许范围内，例如在均值的2个标准偏差内。“约”可以理解为在所述数值的10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或0.01％内。除非另外从上下文清楚得到，本文提供的所有数值都由术语“约”修饰。
下文中参考附图描述根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的车辆用逆变器系统。
图2是示出根据本公开内容的车辆用逆变器系统的图。如图2所示，根据本公开内容的车辆用逆变器系统可包括能量存储装置100、第一逆变器200、第二逆变器300、电动机M和控制器400。下文中详细描述根据本公开内容的车辆用逆变器系统的详细配置。
能量存储装置100可配置为存储电能并且提供用于驱动电动机M的电能。根据示例性实施方式，能量存储装置100可以是存储和提供用于驱动车辆中的电动机的电能的电池。然而，这仅仅是示例性实施方式，并且可以使用包括超级电容器的各种装置作为本公开内容的能量存储装置，只要它们可以存储和提供用于驱动车辆中的电动机的电能即可。
第一逆变器200可包括多个第一开关器件210，并且配置为将能量存储装置100中存储的能量转换为AC电力。如图2所示，第一开关器件210彼此并联连接，并且并联连接的第一开关器件210的输出端可以连接到电动机的相位。第一逆变器200的第一开关器件210可配置为将从能量存储装置100传送的DC电力转换为AC电力，通过逆变器将DC电力转换为AC电力是本领域中熟知的，因此不对其进行详细的描述。
第一开关器件可以是碳化硅场效应晶体管(SiC-FET)。在本公开内容中，可以使用SiC-FET作为第一开关器件，因为SiC-FET在低负载下的开关损耗和导通损耗比Si-IGBT小得多。换句话说，当电动机的所需输出功率较小时，可以通过包括SiC-FET的第一逆变器200驱动电动机M来减小开关损耗和导通损耗，从而可以改善车辆的整体燃料效率。
由第一开关器件210组成的第一逆变器200的开关损耗和导通损耗可小于下面将描述的第二逆变器300的开关损耗和导通损耗。进一步地，第一逆变器200的用于驱动电动机的额定输出功率可小于第二逆变器300的用于驱动电动机的额定输出功率。第二逆变器300可包括多个与第一开关器件210的类型不同的第二开关器件310，并且配置为将能量存储装置100中存储的能量转换成AC电力。如图2所示，第二开关器件310彼此并联连接，并且并联连接的第二开关器件310的输出端可以连接到电动机的相位。第二逆变器300可以与第一逆变器200并联连接到能量存储装置100。
第二逆变器300的第二开关器件310可配置为通过由下面将描述的控制器400接通/关断而将从能量存储装置100传送的DC电力转换为AC电力。通过逆变器将DC电力转换成AC电力是本领域熟知的，因此不对其进行详细的描述。第二开关器件310可以是硅绝缘栅双极晶体管(Si-IGBT)。可通过并联连接作为第二开关器件310的Si-IGBT并在要求电动机大输出功率的高输出模式下经由包括Si-IGBT的第二逆变器300驱动电动机M来实现高输出。
电动机M可以由通过第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300转换的AC电力驱动。换句话说，电动机M可以由通过第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300提供的电力驱动，从而能够驱动车辆。控制器400可配置为基于电动机M的所需输出功率生成脉宽调制(PWM)信号，并且可配置为通过将生成的PWM信号输入到第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300中的至少一者或多者来操作电动机M。电动机M的所需输出功率可以是车辆的所需输出功率。换句话说，控制器400可配置为通过驱动第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300中的至少一者或多者来驱动电动机M，这取决于车辆需要相对低输出功率的环保型驱动模式还是车辆需要相对高输出功率的运动模式或高输出模式。
具体地，当电动机M的所需输出功率小于预定参考时，即，在车辆需要相对低输出功率的环保型驱动模式中，控制器400可配置为通过将PWM信号输入到第一开关器件210来驱动第一逆变器200。换句话说，当电动机M的所需输出功率小于预定参考时，控制器400可以配置为通过使从能量存储装置100提供的电能由第一逆变器200转换成AC电力并然后传送到电动机M来减少开关损耗和导通损耗，并且因此可以提高车辆的燃料效率。
进一步地，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，即，在车辆需要相对高输出功率的运动模式或高输出模式中，控制器400可配置为通过将PWM信号输入到第二开关器件310来驱动第二逆变器300。换句话说，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可通过使从能量存储装置100提供的电能由第二逆变器300转换成AC电力并然后传送到电动机M来实现高输出。
此外，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，即，在车辆需要相对高输出功率的运动模式或高输出模式中，控制器400可配置为通过生成第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号，并然后将第一PWM信号输入到第一开关器件310以及将第二PWM信号输入到第二开关器件310来驱动第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300。换句话说，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可通过使从能量存储装置100提供的电能由第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300转换成AC电力并然后传送到电动机M来实现高输出。
参考图3以详细描述第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号，可以比第一PWM信号晚预定时间接通第二PWM信号，并且可以比第一PWM信号晚预定时间关断第二PWM信号。根据示例性实施方式，预定时间可以是第一PWM信号的周期的1/4。换句话说，假设根据示例性实施方式的第一PWM信号的周期是‘a’，如图3所示，可比第一PWM信号的接通晚0.25a(第一PWM信号的周期的1/4)接通第二PWM信号，并且可比第一PWM信号的关断晚0.25a(第一PWM信号的周期的1/4)关断第二PWM信号。进一步地，虽然未在图中示出，但是根据另一个示例性实施方式，可比第二PWM信号晚预定时间接通第一PWM信号，并且可晚于第二PWM信号关断第一PWM信号。取决于示例性实施方式，预定时间可以是第一PWM信号的周期的1/4。
如上所述，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可配置为生成第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号，并然后将第一PWM信号输入到第一开关器件210以及将第二PWM信号输入到第二开关器件310，比第一开关器件210晚预定时间接通第二开关器件310并且比第一开关器件210晚预定时间关断第二开关器件310。进一步地，根据另一个示例性实施方式，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可配置为将第二PWM信号输入到第一开关器件210并且将第一PWM信号输入到第二开关器件310，比第二开关器件310晚预定时间接通第一开关器件210并且比第二开关器件310晚预定时间关断第一开关器件210。
根据本公开内容，当电动机M的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可配置为通过生成具有不同的接通/关断时间点的第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号，并然后将信号输入到第一开关器件210和第二开关器件310来驱动第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300，由此可以减少逆变器的操作生成的电流纹波。因此，可以降低能量存储装置100与第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300之间的电容器C的材料成本。
特别地，参考图2，在根据本公开内容的车辆用逆变器系统中，与能量存储装置100并联连接的电容器C可以设置在能量存储装置100与第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300之间。电容器C通过吸收由第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300的操作产生的电流纹波来防止电流纹波分量被传送到能量存储装置100。参考图4和图5，根据本公开内容，由于控制器400以上述方式驱动第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300，因此相比在没有移位的情况下将第一PWM信号和第二PWM信号输入到第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300，可进一步减小电流纹波的幅度，并且因此，可以降低吸收电流纹波分量的电容器C的材料成本。
同时，如图2所示，根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的电动机M可以是单个电动机，其通过控制器400根据电动机的所需输出功率选择性地接收第一逆变器200转换的电力或第二逆变器300转换的电力工作，或者通过同时接收第一逆变器200转换的电力和第二逆变器300转换的电力工作。具体地，当电动机M是根据示例性实施方式的三相电动机时，如图2所示，第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300的输出端可以共同地分别连接到电动机M的相位a、b和c。当电动机的所需输出功率小于预定参考时，控制器400可以配置为通过操作第一开关器件210以驱动第一逆变器200来驱动电动机M。进一步地，当电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可配置为通过操作第二开关器件310以驱动第二逆变器300，或者通过操作第一开关器件210和第二开关器件310以驱动第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300，来驱动电动机M。
另一方面，如图6所示，根据本公开内容的另一个示例性实施方式，电动机可包括由第一逆变器200转换的电力驱动的第一电动机500以及由第二逆变器300转换的电力驱动的第二电动机600。具体地，如图6所示，当电动机包括第一电动机500和第二电动机600时，第一逆变器200的输出端可以分别连接到第一电动机500的相位a、b和c，并且第二逆变器300的输出端可以分别连接到第二电动机600的相位a、b和c。当电动机的所需输出功率小于预定参考时，控制器400可以配置为通过操作第一开关器件210以驱动第一逆变器200来驱动第一电动机500。特别地，当电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，控制器400可以配置为通过操作第二开关器件310以驱动第二逆变器300来驱动第二电动机600。
进一步地，虽然未在图中详细示出，但是根据本公开内容的车辆用逆变器系统还可包括：输入电压计(未示出)，配置为测量从能量存储装置100输入到第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300的电压；电压转换器(未示出)，配置为转换由输入电压计测量的电压并将转换后的电压输入到控制器400；输出电流计(未示出)，配置为测量从第一逆变器200和第二逆变器300输出的电流；以及电流转换器(未示出)，配置为转换由输出电流计测量的电流并将转换后的电流输入到控制器400。在该配置中，通过电压转换器输入到逆变器的电压信息数据以及通过电流转换器输入并从逆变器输出的输出电流信息数据可用于在控制器400的控制下操作逆变器。

Claims (13)

1.一种车辆用逆变器系统，包括：
能量存储装置，配置为存储电能；
第一逆变器，包括多个第一开关器件并配置为将所述能量存储装置中存储的能量转换成交流电力；
第二逆变器，包括多个与所述第一开关器件的类型不同的第二开关器件，与所述第一逆变器并联连接到所述能量存储装置，并且配置为将所述能量存储装置中存储的能量转换成交流电力；
电动机，由所述第一逆变器和所述第二逆变器转换的交流电力驱动；以及
控制器，配置为基于所述电动机的所需输出功率生成脉宽调制信号，并且配置为通过将所生成的脉宽调制信号输入到所述第一逆变器或所述第二逆变器中的至少一者来操作所述电动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器系统，其中所述第一开关器件是碳化硅场效应晶体管，并且所述第二开关器件是硅绝缘栅双极晶体管。
3.根据权利要求2所述的逆变器系统，其中所述控制器配置为当所述电动机的所需输出功率小于预定参考时，通过向所述第一开关器件输入脉宽调制信号来驱动所述第一逆变器。
4.根据权利要求2所述的逆变器系统，其中所述控制器配置为当所述电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，通过向所述第二开关器件输入脉宽调制信号来驱动所述第二逆变器。
5.根据权利要求2所述的逆变器系统，其中当所述电动机的所需输出功率大于预定参考时，所述控制器配置为通过生成第一脉宽调制信号和第二脉宽调制信号，并且配置为将所述第一脉宽调制信号输入到所述第一开关器件并将所述第二脉宽调制信号输入到所述第二开关器件来驱动所述第一逆变器和所述第二逆变器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的逆变器系统，其中所述控制器配置为将所述第一脉宽调制信号输入到所述第一开关器件并将所述第二脉宽调制信号输入到所述第二开关器件，比所述第一开关器件晚预定时间接通所述第二开关器件，并且比所述第一开关器件晚所述预定时间关断所述第二开关器件。
7.根据权利要求5所述的逆变器系统，其中所述控制器配置为将所述第二脉宽调制信号输入到所述第一开关器件并将所述第一脉宽调制信号输入到所述第二开关器件，比所述第二开关器件晚预定时间接通所述第一开关器件，并且比所述第二开关器件晚所述预定时间关断所述第一开关器件。
8.根据权利要求6所述的逆变器系统，其中所述预定时间是所述第一脉宽调制信号的周期的1/4。
9.根据权利要求7所述的逆变器系统，其中所述预定时间是所述第一脉宽调制信号的周期的1/4。
10.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器系统，其中所述第一逆变器的开关损耗和导通损耗小于所述第二逆变器的开关损耗和导通损耗。
11.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器系统，其中所述第一逆变器的用于驱动所述电动机的额定输出功率小于所述第二逆变器的用于驱动所述电动机的额定输出功率。
12.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器系统，其中所述电动机是单个电动机，其通过根据所述电动机的所需输出功率选择性地接收所述第一逆变器转换的电力或所述第二逆变器转换的电力，或者通过同时接收所述第一逆变器转换的电力和所述第二逆变器转换的电力而工作。
13.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器系统，其中所述电动机包括由所述第一逆变器转换的电力驱动的第一电动机以及由所述第二逆变器转换的电力驱动的第二电动机。
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