CN110836869B - All-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography scanning device - Google Patents
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of high-speed optical coherence tomography measurement, and particularly relates to an all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography scanning device, aiming at solving the problems of low imaging speed and large scanning error of the optical coherence tomography scanning device. Under the drive of a high-frequency piezoelectric driver, the piezoelectric ceramic stack drives a light-weight hollow retroreflector to vibrate in a one-dimensional high-frequency mode, and the object is scanned longitudinally at a high speed; one end of each of the two piezoelectric ceramic bending pieces is fixed, the other end of each of the two piezoelectric ceramic bending pieces is fixedly connected with a high-speed reflector, the high-speed reflector can swing at a high speed along with the piezoelectric ceramic bending pieces, the swinging directions of the two piezoelectric ceramic bending pieces are perpendicular to each other, and transverse high-speed scanning on different positions of a sample can be realized by deflecting light beams; the piezoelectric ceramic stack and the two piezoelectric ceramic bending pieces have higher resonant frequency and smaller amplitude, so that the imaging speed can be fully improved while the sample is scanned in a three-dimensional manner, the scanning error is reduced, and the false images are eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-speed optical coherence tomography measurement, and particularly relates to an optical coherence tomography scanning device for realizing high-speed scanning by utilizing a high-frequency piezoelectric ceramic bending sheet and a micro-displacement high-frequency piezoelectric ceramic stack.
Background
With the increasing demand of people for disease diagnosis, especially for early disease detection, non-invasive diagnosis and deep research of human life phenomena, a detection means capable of providing medical images reflecting human body specific parameters from different sides is urgently needed. In the medical diagnosis process, the imaging technology has very important application value for disease diagnosis, and although the imaging principles or methods of various imaging technologies are different and the diagnostic value and limit are different, the essence is to observe the images of internal tissues of a human body to know the physiological function condition or pathological changes of the human body. The biomedical imaging technology is a medical detection method integrating the disciplines of biology, physics, electronics, computer technology and the like, and can provide accurate and intuitive basis for medical diagnosis. These current imaging techniques still have some drawbacks, for example, X-ray and radioisotope imaging are harmful to the human body and do not provide some specific chemical information as well as dynamic information; the resolution of ultrasonic imaging is low, and certain requirements are usually made on the shape, the surface roughness and the like of a measured object; slower speed of magnetic resonance imaging, lower sensitivity to calcific foci and cortical lesions, susceptibility of images to artifacts, difficulty in quantitative diagnosis, etc.
The optical imaging technology can make up for the defects of the detection means. In view of the optical characteristics of biological tissues, optical imaging techniques generally employ near-infrared light to detect tissues in a living body, and detect information such as reflection, scattering, transmission, and fluorescence of the biological tissues to obtain tissue images, thereby obtaining tissue lesions. Optical imaging has the advantages of being harmless, high in resolution, capable of detecting in real time and the like, and is gradually paid attention to by a plurality of researchers. Optical Tomography (OCT) is a rapidly developing non-invasive and emerging high-resolution medical Tomography that uses the low Coherence property of superluminescent light-emitting diodes to image strongly scattering media including biological tissues. Compared with the means such as CT (computer tomography), nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasonic tomography and the like which are widely used in the field of medical diagnosis at present, the method has a plurality of advantages.
The Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) utilizes the principle of weak coherent light interference, and is based on a Michelson interferometer or a Mach-zehnder interferometer, the core component of the OCT is a super-radiation light-emitting diode illumination interferometer, light emitted by a super-radiation light-emitting diode is subjected to light splitting and then respectively enters a sample arm and a reference arm, back scattering light and reference light of a sample return and generate interference signals, namely, the back reflection or a plurality of scattering signals and multi-dimensional scanning of the incident weak coherent light by different fault planes of living tissues are detected, the interference signals are detected and processed by circuit amplification filtering and the like, and a sample depth image is reconstructed by a computer, so that a plane or three-dimensional structure image of the biological tissues is obtained.
The longitudinal resolution of OCT imaging is determined by the coherence length of a super-radiation light-emitting diode, usually the coherence length of the super-radiation light-emitting diode such as a super-radiation laser diode is very short, generally 10-30 μm, and the use of the super-radiation light-emitting diode enables OCT imaging to have higher longitudinal resolution, the resolution can reach the micron order, the imaging rate can reach 1 amplitude/second, the sensitivity is higher than 100dB, and the imaging detection depth can reach the millimeter order. The low coherent light can be regarded as a wave packet pulse with a short wave train, and two beams of light can meet and be coherent only when the optical paths of the reference arm and the sample arm are equal, so that the low coherent light has a very strong inhibiting effect on sample light from other depths, the signal-to-noise ratio is further improved, and higher spatial and temporal resolutions are obtained.
In the OCT scanning imaging technology, longitudinal scanning is obtained by moving a reference arm through a mechanical device, so that the scanning of a sample in the depth direction is realized, and the information of a biological tissue in the depth direction is obtained; deflecting the light beam of the sample arm through a space scanning device, and further changing the position of the light beam incident on the sample to realize the transverse scanning of the sample; the reference light and the sample light interfere with each other, and two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the sample are finally obtained. Regardless of the type of scanning employed, imaging speed is one of the most important parameters.
At present, OCT used by most of the research units for researching optical coherence tomography in China adopts a stepping motor to drive a reference mirror to carry out longitudinal scanning so as to realize optical heterodyne detection, the imaging speed of the method is relatively slow, nearly twenty seconds are needed for scanning a single image, and the error of a measurement result is relatively large due to mechanical scanning; the longitudinal scanning can be implemented by using the optical fiber stretcher, but the repetition frequency is low, so that the imaging speed of the existing system is slow, about 150 seconds are required for acquiring a two-dimensional OCT image containing 500 lines of longitudinal scanning information, and the application of the OCT system in actual medical treatment is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low imaging speed and large scanning error of an optical coherence tomography device, and provides an all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical solution of the present invention is: an all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography device is characterized in that: the system comprises a super-radiation light-emitting diode and a 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter arranged on an emergent light path of the super-radiation light-emitting diode, wherein low-coherence light of the super-radiation light-emitting diode is divided into reference light and sample light through the 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter;
a first circulator, a polarization controller, a first beam collimator, a first achromatic double cemented lens and an optical path adjusting unit are sequentially arranged on a reference light path, wherein the optical path adjusting unit comprises a high reflecting mirror and at least one hollow retroreflector, a high-frequency vibrating piezoelectric ceramic stack is fixed on the hollow retroreflector, and the piezoelectric ceramic stack is connected with a third piezoelectric driver;
a second circulator, a second beam collimator, a first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece, a second achromatic double cemented lens and a sample are sequentially arranged on a sample light path; the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece is connected with the first piezoelectric driver, and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece is connected with the second piezoelectric driver; the tail ends of the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece are both fixed with a high reflector; the swinging directions of the high reflecting mirror on the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece and the high reflecting mirror on the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece are mutually vertical;
the first piezoelectric driver, the second piezoelectric driver and the third piezoelectric driver are respectively connected with a computer;
the first circulator and the second circulator are both connected with a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is connected with a high-speed double-balance photoelectric detector, the high-speed double-balance photoelectric detector is connected with a high-speed image acquisition card, and the high-speed image acquisition card is connected with a computer;
the reference light sequentially passes through a first circulator, a polarization controller and a first achromatic double-cemented lens which are arranged on a reference light path and then enters an optical path adjusting unit, the reference light is reflected to a high reflector after being reflected for multiple times in a hollow retroreflector, returns along an original light path after being reflected by the high reflector, and then enters a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler after passing through the first circulator;
the sample light sequentially passes through a second circulator, a first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece and a second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece which are arranged on a sample light path and then is focused on the sample by a second achromatic double-cemented lens, the sample light carrying the sample information after being reflected by the sample returns along the original light path and enters a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler after passing through the second circulator;
the reference light and the sample light enter the high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector after interfering in the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, the interference light is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector, and finally the interference light is stored and processed by a computer through a high-speed image acquisition card.
Furthermore, the hollow retroreflector comprises reflectors with three mutually perpendicular surfaces, the reference light is reflected for three times in the hollow retroreflector, then exits at an angle of 180 degrees with the incident light, and then returns along the original light path after being reflected by the high reflector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the optical coherence tomography scanning device is driven by a high-frequency piezoelectric driver, a piezoelectric ceramic stack capable of moving in a micro-displacement mode drives a light-weight hollow retroreflector to vibrate in a one-dimensional high frequency mode, reference light is reflected by a light-weight hollow reflector and then returns along an original light path, and longitudinal information of a detected object can be quickly obtained after the reference light and sample light interfere with each other;
at sample light one end, two piezoceramics crooked piece one end are fixed, and the other end and a high speculum fixed connection, high speculum can be along with piezoceramics crooked piece do high-speed swing, and the direction of swing mutually perpendicular of two piezoceramics crooked pieces can realize the two-dimentional high-speed scanning to the sample surface through making the light beam take place to deflect.
2. The piezoelectric ceramic stack and the two piezoelectric ceramic bending pieces have high resonant frequency which can reach dozens of KHz under the condition of low load, the amplitude is small, the displacement resolution is only a few nanometers, and the requirements of high frequency and high displacement resolution can be completely met; therefore, the imaging speed can be fully improved while the sample is scanned in three dimensions, the scanning error is reduced, and the false image is eliminated.
3. Although the amplitude of the piezoelectric ceramic stack is small and is only a few micrometers, the number of the hollow retroreflectors included in the optical path adjusting unit can be adjusted according to actual conditions, if multiple optical paths are needed, the incident light can be folded by using the multiple hollow retroreflectors to be reflected for multiple times, and then multiple optical path differences are formed between the incident light and the sample light, and the larger the optical path difference between the reference light and the sample light is, the larger the detection depth is. For example, two hollow retroreflectors and one highly reflective mirror may form an optical path of 8 times; three hollow retroreflectors and one highly reflective mirror can form a 12 times optical path.
4. The invention adopts a high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector, can reduce the intensity noise and the common mode noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-superluminescent light emitting diode; 2-1 x 2 fiber optic splitters; 3 — a first circulator; 4-a polarization controller; 5-a first beam collimator; 6-first achromatic doublet; 7-hollow retroreflector; 8-high reflector; 9-high frequency piezoelectric ceramic stack; 10-a third piezoelectric actuator; 11 — a second circulator; 12-a second beam collimator; 13-first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece; 14-second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece; 15-a second achromatic doublet; 16-the sample; 17 — a first voltage driver; 18-a second voltage driver; 19-2 x 2 fiber optic coupler; 20-high speed double balanced photodetector; 21-high speed collecting card; 22-computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography apparatus includes a superluminescent diode 1 and a 1 × 2 fiber beam splitter disposed on an emergent light path of the superluminescent diode 1, the superluminescent diode 1 is a superluminescent laser diode, low-coherence light from the superluminescent laser diode is divided into reference light and sample light by the 1 × 2 fiber beam splitter 2, and a first circulator 3, a polarization controller 4, a first beam collimator 5, a first achromatic double-cemented lens 6, a hollow retroreflector 7 and a high-reflection mirror 8 are sequentially disposed on the reference light path; the hollow retroreflector 7 is connected with a piezoelectric ceramic stack 9 which vibrates at high frequency by gluing, and the piezoelectric ceramic stack 9 is connected with a third piezoelectric driver 10. A second circulator 11, a second beam collimator 12, a first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 13, a second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 14, a second achromatic double cemented lens 15 and a sample 16 are sequentially arranged on a sample light path; the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 13 is connected with a first piezoelectric driver 18, and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 14 is connected with a second piezoelectric driver 17; the tail ends of the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 13 and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 14 are both fixed with a high-reflection mirror; the first piezoelectric actuator 18, the second piezoelectric actuator 17 and the third piezoelectric actuator 10 are connected to a computer 22 and are independently controlled by the computer 22. The first circulator 3 and the second circulator 11 are both connected with a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 19, the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 19 is connected with a high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector 20, the high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector 20 is connected with a high-speed image acquisition card 21, and the high-speed image acquisition card 21 is connected with a computer 22.
The reference light sequentially passes through the first circulator 3, the polarization controller 4, the first beam collimator 5 and the first achromatic double cemented lens 6 and then enters the hollow retroreflector 7, after being reflected for multiple times in the hollow retroreflector 7, the reference light is reflected by the high reflector 8 arranged on the reflected light emergent light path of the reference light and returns along the original light path, and then passes through the first circulator 3 and enters the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 19;
the sample light sequentially passes through a second circulator 11, a second beam collimator 12, a first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 13 and a second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 14 and then is focused on a sample 16 by a second achromatic double cemented lens 15; the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 13 is connected with a first piezoelectric driver 18; the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 14 is connected with a second piezoelectric driver 17; the tail ends of the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 13 and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece 14 are both fixed with a high-reflection mirror; the sample light carrying the sample information returns along the original light path and enters the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 19 after passing through the second circulator 11;
the reference light and the sample light carrying the sample information enter the high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector 20 after interfering in the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 19, the interference light is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector 20, and finally, the interference light is stored and processed by the computer 22 through the high-speed image acquisition card 21.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned only shows the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that several variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography device, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a super-radiation light-emitting diode (1) and a 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter arranged on an emergent light path of the super-radiation light-emitting diode (1), wherein low coherent light of the super-radiation light-emitting diode (1) is divided into reference light and sample light through the 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter (2);
a first circulator (3), a polarization controller (4), a first beam collimator (5), a first achromatic double cemented lens (6) and an optical path adjusting unit are sequentially arranged on a reference light path, the optical path adjusting unit comprises a high reflecting mirror (8) and at least one hollow retroreflector (7), a high-frequency vibrating piezoelectric ceramic stack (9) is fixed on the hollow retroreflector (7), and the piezoelectric ceramic stack (9) is connected with a third piezoelectric driver (10);
a second circulator (11), a second beam collimator (12), a first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending sheet (13), a second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending sheet (14), a second achromatic double cemented lens (15) and a sample (16) are sequentially arranged on a sample light path; the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece (13) is connected with a first piezoelectric driver (18), and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece (14) is connected with a second piezoelectric driver (17); the tail ends of the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece (13) and the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece (14) are both fixed with a high-reflection mirror; the swinging directions of the high-reflection mirror on the first high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece (13) and the high-reflection mirror on the second high-speed piezoelectric ceramic bending piece (14) are mutually vertical;
the first piezoelectric driver (18), the second piezoelectric driver (17) and the third piezoelectric driver (10) are respectively connected with a computer (22);
the first circulator (3) and the second circulator (11) are both connected with a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (19), the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (19) is connected with a high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector (20), the high-speed double-balanced photoelectric detector (20) is connected with a high-speed image acquisition card (21), and the high-speed image acquisition card (21) is connected with a computer (22).
2. The all-fiber high-speed optical coherence tomography apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the hollow retroreflector (7) comprises reflectors with three mutually perpendicular surfaces, reference light is reflected for three times in the hollow retroreflector (7) and then emitted out at an angle of 180 degrees with incident light, and then reflected by the high reflector (8) and returns along an original light path.
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| CN100470194C (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2009-03-18 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser automatic-aligning system |
| CN101672632B (en) * | 2009-10-10 | 2011-01-26 | 北京理工大学 | Optical spherical surface shaped fiber point-diffraction phase-shifting interference measuring method |
| JP6186215B2 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2017-08-23 | 株式会社日立エルジーデータストレージ | Optical measuring device and optical tomographic observation method |
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| CN104792424B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-12-26 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical fiber point-diffraction interferometer aplanatism location regulation method |
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