CN110836856A - 用于水同位素分析的快速平衡机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种用于水同位素分析的快速平衡机。公开用于水同位素分析的快速平衡的技术。在至少一个说明性实施例中,一种汽化器可以包括:注射块,其限定室;以及隔片,其定位在所述室的入口上方以密封所述室。所述室能够配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空,并且所述隔片能够配置成收容插入到所述室中的针。所述导热绒能够定位在所述室内,并且能够配置成收容所述针的尖端。
Description
技术领域
本公开大体上涉及用于水同位素分析的组件,并且更确切地说,涉及用于此类分析的快速平衡机。
背景技术
当注入到经受低于20毫巴的压力的中空围封体中时,注水会产生固有问题。这个问题通常发生在将液体样品引入低压汽化器中以使样品定量蒸发的过程中。通过腔增强吸收光谱法(例如,离轴集成腔输出光谱法(OA-ICOS)、腔衰荡光谱法(CRDS))或多径吸收光谱法(例如,哈里特池(Harriet Cell))并通过使液体样品蒸发来将液态水样转换成气相以供分析。这通常是因为在低压(例如,<8托)下将液体引入受热室(例如,40-100C)而发生的。利用注射约1μL的水的微型注射器引入液态水。由于体积小,所以针构成了注射器体积的一部分,并且利用线插入。此配置促使样品室中和针上/针内的蒸发。因为针没有预加热,所以针上以及室中的蒸发可能是不均匀的,其中局部水冷却可能会减少到蒸汽的转换。
快速和完全蒸发所需要的能量在针尖处并非始终可用。因而,蒸发过程将使用储存在水中的能量,并由此快速降低温度。这导致蒸发不均匀、缓慢且不完全,从而使得水样的所有同位素出现同位素分馏。先前解决这一问题的尝试包含受热室、低压室、更长蒸发时间或这些措施的某种组合。
有时与液气转换相关联的另一问题是污染物(例如,盐)到受热表面上的镀覆。这发生在分析半咸水或体内水(例如,尿液、血液、血清)时。被污染的表面导致到气相的不良转换,因此需要频繁清洁,这增加了维护和每次测量的成本。
发明内容
本公开包含所附权利要求书所列举的特征和/或以下特征中的一或多个,这些特征可单独或组合地包括可获专利的主题。
根据本公开的一个方面,一种汽化器可包括:注射块,其限定室;隔片,其定位在所述室的入口上方以密封所述室;以及导热绒,其定位在所述室内。所述室可配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空。所述隔片可配置成收容插入到所述室中的针。所述导热绒可配置成收容所述针的尖端。
在一些实施例中,所述注射块可配置成进行加热,以加热所述导热绒。
在一些实施例中,所述注射块可配置成利用电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个进行加热。
在一些实施例中,所述导热绒可配置成加热所述针的所述尖端。
在一些实施例中,所述绒可配置成利用电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个进行加热。
在一些实施例中,所述针可配置成利用电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个进行加热。
在一些实施例中,所述导热绒可包括线网。
在一些实施例中,所述导热绒可包括银、金、黄铜、铜、钢、铝或金刚石涂层中的至少一个。
在一些实施例中,所述注射块的内表面可经金刚石涂布和/或经化学蚀刻。
在一些实施例中,所述汽化器可进一步包括定位在所述室外部的额外导热绒,所述额外导热绒配置成进行加热,以加热所述针中未插入到所述室中的部分。
根据本公开的另一方面,一种光谱仪可包括:根据上述实施例中的任一者的汽化器;泵,其以流体方式耦合到所述室且配置成在所述室内产生所述真空;以及分析仪块,其配置成收容在所述汽化器的所述室中产生的蒸汽。
在一些实施例中,所述光谱仪可进一步包括配置成加热所述注射块使得所述导热绒同样受热的电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个。
根据本公开的又一方面,一种汽化液体样品的方法可包括:加热注射块,以加热定位在真空室内的导热绒,所述真空室限定在所述注射块中;穿过隔片插入针,使得所述针的尖端定位在所述真空室内;将所述针的所述尖端推进到所述导热绒中;以及从所述针将所述液体样品注入到所述真空室中。
在一些实施例中,所述方法可进一步包括:加热定位在所述真空室外部的额外导热绒,以及穿过所述额外导热绒插入所述针,使得当所述针穿过所述隔片插入时,所述针中定位在所述真空室外部的部分定位在所述额外导热绒内。
在一些实施例中,所述方法可进一步包括利用所述导热绒汽化从所述针注入的所述液体样品。
根据本公开的又一方面,一种汽化器可包括:注射块,其限定室;雾化器喷嘴,经雾化样品从所述雾化器喷嘴引入到所述室中;以及导热绒,其定位在所述室内。所述室可配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空,并且所述导热绒可配置成收容所述经雾化样品。
根据本公开的再一方面,一种汽化器可包括:注射块,其限定室,其中所述室配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空;以及隔片,其定位在所述室的入口上方以密封所述室,其中所述隔片配置成收容插入到所述室中的针。所述汽化器可进一步包括:第一电端子,其定位在所述室内且配置成当所述针穿过所述隔片插入时在第一位置处与所述针电接触;以及第二电端子,其配置成在第二位置处与所述针电接触,以使电流流动穿过所述针的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中,所述第二电端子可定位在所述室内。
在一些实施例中,所述第二电端子可定位在所述室外。
在一些实施例中,所述第二电端子可定位成邻近于所述隔片。
附图说明
通过实例而非限制在附图中说明在本公开中描述的概念。为简单和清晰说明起见,图中所说明的元件未必按比例绘制。例如,为清楚起见,可相对于其它元件放大一些元件的尺寸。另外,在认为适当时,已在图当中重复参考标记以指示对应或相似元件。详细描述具体参考附图,在附图中:
图1是根据实施例的具有汽化器的光谱仪的示意图;
图2是受热注射块的实施例的示意图,所述受热注射块具有定位在所述块的室内的导热绒;
图3是受热注射块的另一实施例的示意图,所述受热注射块具有定位在所述块的室内的导热绒;
图4是用于汽化液体的方法的流程图,所述方法可与图2或图3的装置一起使用;
图5是受热注射块的实施例的示意图,所述受热注射块具有定位在所述块的室内的弹簧力端子;以及
图6是用于汽化液体的另一方法的流程图,所述方法可与图5的装置一起使用。
具体实施方式
尽管在图式中借助于实例示出并且在本文中详细地描述了本公开的概念的特定实施例,但本公开的概念易有各种修改以及替代形式。然而,应理解,并不意图将本公开的概念限于所公开的特定形式,而是相反地,意图涵盖与本公开及所附权利要求书一致的所有修改、等效物及替代物。
本说明书中对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“说明性实施例”等的参考指示所描述实施例可包含特定特征、结构或特性,但可能未必每个实施例都包含所述特定特征、结构或特性。此外,这类短语未必是指同一实施例。另外,当结合实施例来描述特定特征、结构或特性时,应理解,无论是否予以明确描述,结合其它实施例来实现此特征、结构或特性均在所属领域的技术人员的知识范围内。
在图中,一些结构或方法特征可按特定布置和/或次序示出。然而,应了解,可能并不要求此类特定布置和/或次序。相反地,在一些实施例中,此类特征可按与说明性图中示出的不同的方式和/或次序布置。此外,特定图中包含结构或方法特征并不意图暗示此特征在所有实施例中都是需要的,并且在一些实施例中,此特征可能不被包含或可能与其它特征组合。
参考图1,光谱仪10包含汽化器12,所述汽化器12耦合到泵14以在汽化器12内的室16内产生真空。样品定位在汽化器12内,以便汽化所述样品。经汽化样品18离开汽化器12进入在两个充电到高压的金属板22之间建立的电场20。电场20使经汽化样品中的不同原子的离子24加速。不同原子的离子具有不同电荷量。高电荷态离子加速最快,由此根据离子各自的电荷量来分离它们。
离子24穿过激光26。当具有电荷的移动离子24被激光26击中时,离子24弯曲成电弧,其中较轻的带更多正电荷的粒子的弯曲程度高于较重的带更多负电荷的粒子。离子24分离成一个光谱,其中每种不同类型的离子24根据它的质量和电荷弯曲不同量。电检测器30记录光谱图,其示出针对每一质量/电荷有多少离子24到达。此光谱可用于识别原始样品中的原子或分子。
光谱仪10实现对液体样品(例如,水)中的同位素浓度的识别。具体地说,同位素浓度提供关于同位素比的信息,例如,水中的16O、17O和18O的比。此信息可用以确定液体样品的年龄、关于得到液体样品的生物的细节或液体样品的校验。可以使用光谱仪和下文描述的实施例进行分析的液体样品的实例包含水、红酒和酒精、体液(例如,血液和唾液)、蛋卵、牛奶或果汁。
参考图2,汽化器12的经修改注射口改进了用于气相分析的液态水样的蒸发。所述蒸发通过增加蒸发表面的表面积和总热量容量以改进蒸发过程的确定性来改进。经改进热传递由插入到注射口中的一定量的导热绒80提供。在一些实施例中,导热绒80是结构化或编织的热导体,例如,线网。此网可以在注射室内按任何定向放置。导热绒80提供极佳的导热性和足够的表面积,以确保注入水的无分馏蒸发。导热绒80可以放置成使得注入水即刻撞击导热绒80,和/或使得注射针头72同样由导热绒80加热。
所公开实施例已经通过直接实施将导热绒80插入到现有的可商购的注射口中来测试。重复同位素测量结果(例如,d2H、d18O、d17O)的比较显示出改进的可重复性,其中测量结果的变化较小。
汽化器12包含限定真空室16的注射块50。注射块50具有形成真空室16的壁54的内表面52。注射块50利用加热元件(未示出)来加热。在示例性实施例中,注射块50利用电阻加热元件来加热。任选地,注射块50可以使用电感加热元件来加热,以便按需加热,同时使用较低的平均电力消耗,例如,在移动应用中。在一些实施例中,超声波蒸发与电阻加热系统组合。另外地或可替代地,红外光可用于加热。在这些实施例中的任一个中,加热元件可用于直接加热针72和/或导热绒80(另外或可替代地,通过注射块50间接加热)。
在一些实施例中,注射块50的内表面52经金刚石涂布。可替代地,高表面积注射块插入件可以沿着注射块50的内表面52定位。例如,注射块50的内表面52可以是经化学蚀刻的表面。注射块50包含通向真空室16的入口56和对真空室16开放的出口58。
入口56用隔片70密封。隔片70由橡胶材料形成,并且能够收容注射器74的针72。也就是说,注射器74的针72可以穿过隔片70,同时保持真空室16的密封。在一些实施例中,注射器74可以是支持使用辐射加热的石英注射管。
导热绒80定位在真空室16内。在示例性实施例中,导热绒80由银形成。在一些实施例中,可使用替代的绒材料,例如,金、黄铜、铜、钢或铝。导热绒80还可经金刚石涂布。导热绒80配置成由注射块50加热。当针72插入到真空室16中时,针72的尖端82插入到导热绒80中,使得导热绒80加热针72的尖端82。一些实施例还包含针72的单表面加热。例如,一旦针72插入到真空室16中,高导电性表面就可以压抵针72。
导热绒80提供高表面积受热表面,所述表面在不限制流量且不增加背压的情况下接触针72的尖端82。导热绒80允许针72“嵌套”,而不会阻塞水流,同时通过基于激光的光谱技术提供能够确保拥有同位素分析的液体样品的快速、均匀和可重复汽化的表面积和能量。这确保了整个样品均匀汽化以避免分馏作用。这使得所测量同位素比的精确度提高。所公开实施例同样如此。更高表面积还通过在液气转换变得低效之前允许更多盐在导热绒80上析出来改进含盐样品的容差。
在图3示出的实施例中,另一导热绒90在真空室16外定位在隔片70上方。此导热绒90同样由注射块50加热。因此,在图3所说明的实施例中,导热绒80加热针72的尖端82,且导热绒90加热针72中定位在真空室16外部的部分92。
参考图4,用于使用注射块50汽化液体样品的方法100包含在框102处,将导热绒80定位在注射块50内。在框104处,加热注射块50以加热导热绒80。任选地,还可加热注射块50以加热定位在真空室16外部的导热绒90。在框106处,穿过隔片70将针72插入到真空室16中。在框108处,将针72的尖端82推进到受热导热绒80中。在框110处,导热绒80加热针72的尖端82。在框112处,从针72将液体样品注入到导热绒80中,以便汽化液体样品。
在一些实施例中,针72可以替换为雾化器喷嘴,所述雾化器喷嘴配置成将经雾化样品引入到室16中。在此类实施例中,定位在室16内的导热绒80可配置成收容经雾化样品。此类实施例的导热绒80(和汽化器12的其余部分)可大体上如上文所描述得那样操作。
在一些实施例中,通过绒进行的加热可以替换为针72的直接电阻加热。此加热可通过使电流流动穿过针72本身以便在进行注射之前、期间或之后立即产生热来实现。这可以通过多种方式实现,其中一种方式在图5中以图解方式示出,其中通过注射口内部的弹簧力正端子120施加电流,且负端子或接地端子122附接到针的顶部上。弹簧夹通过耐高温电绝缘(例如,陶瓷板130)与通常导电的注射块50隔离。尽管不是一定要将正端子放在注射块内部,但是将正端子放在注射块内部降低了电短路的风险。低压DC电流可用于最小化电击的风险。
参考图6,图5的实施例中所示的用于使用注射块50汽化液体样品的方法150包含在框152处,穿过隔片70将针72插入到真空室16中。在框154处,将针72的尖端82推进到弹簧力端子120中。在框156处,将接地端子122附接到针的顶部上。在框158处,从针72注入液体样品,同时在弹簧力端子120和接地端子122之间递送电流以汽化液体样品。
所公开实施例提高了液态水样的同位素测量准确度和精确度。所公开实施例适用于利用腔增强光谱法(例如,离轴ICOS和CRDS)进行的同位素测量,其中水样通过借助液态水注入到低压力样品室中的引入来汽化。然而,所述概念可以扩展到注入到低压样品室中以供汽化和后续同位素分析的其它液体。
虽然已在图及前述描述中详细描述某些说明性实施例,但此说明及描述在性质上应被视为示例性而非限制性的,应了解仅已展示及描述说明性实施例,且希望保护属于本公开的精神内的所有改变及修改。存在由本文中所描述的方法、系统及制品的各种特征产生的本公开的多个优势。应注意,本公开的方法、系统和制品的替代性实施例可能不包含所描述的所有特征,但仍得益于此类特征的至少一些优势。所属领域的技术人员可容易地设计他们自己的并有本公开的一或多个特征的方法、系统及制品的实施方案。
Claims (20)
1.一种汽化器,包括:
注射块,其限定室,其中所述室配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空,
隔片,其定位在所述室的入口上方以密封所述室,所述隔片配置成收容插入到所述室中的针,以及
导热绒,其定位在所述室内且配置成收容所述针的尖端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,其中所述注射块配置成进行加热,以加热所述导热绒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽化器,其中所述注射块配置成利用电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个进行加热。
4.根据权利要求2所述的汽化器,其中所述导热绒配置成加热所述针的所述尖端。
5.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,其中所述绒配置成利用电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个进行加热。
6.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,其中所述针配置成利用电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个进行加热。
7.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,其中所述导热绒包括线网。
8.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,其中所述导热绒包括银、金、黄铜、铜、钢、铝或金刚石涂层中的至少一个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,其中所述注射块的内表面经金刚石涂布和/或经化学蚀刻。
10.根据权利要求1所述的汽化器,进一步包括定位在所述室外部的额外导热绒,所述额外导热绒配置成进行加热,以加热所述针中未插入到所述室中的部分。
11.一种光谱仪,包括:
根据权利要求1至10中任一权利要求所述的汽化器,
泵,其以流体方式耦合到所述室且配置成在所述室内产生所述真空,以及
分析仪块,其配置成收容在所述汽化器的所述室中产生的蒸汽。
12.根据权利要求11所述的光谱仪,进一步包括配置成加热所述注射块使得所述导热绒同样受热的电阻加热元件、电感加热元件或红外光中的至少一个。
13.一种汽化液体样品的方法,所述方法包括:
加热注射块以加热定位在真空室内的导热绒,所述真空室在所述注射块中限定,穿过隔片插入针,使得所述针的尖端定位在所述真空室内,
将所述针的所述尖端推进到所述导热绒中,以及
从所述针将所述液体样品注入到所述真空室中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括:
加热定位在所述真空室外部的额外导热绒,以及
穿过所述额外导热绒插入所述针,使得当所述针穿过所述隔片插入时,所述针中定位在所述真空室外部的部分定位在所述额外导热绒内。
15.根据权利要求13或权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括利用所述导热绒汽化从所述针注入的所述液体样品。
16.一种汽化器,包括:
注射块,其限定室,其中所述室配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空,
雾化器喷嘴,经雾化样品从所述雾化器喷嘴引入到所述室中,以及
导热绒,其定位在所述室内且配置成收容所述经雾化样品。
17.一种汽化器,包括:
注射块,其限定室,其中所述室配置成以流体方式耦合到泵以在所述室内产生真空,
隔片,其定位在所述室的入口上方以密封所述室,所述隔片配置成收容插入到所述室中的针,
第一电端子,其定位在所述室内且配置成当所述针穿过所述隔片插入时在第一位置处与所述针电接触,以及
第二电端子,其配置成在第二位置处与所述针电接触,以使电流流动穿过所述针的至少一部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的汽化器,其中所述第二电端子定位在所述室内。
19.根据权利要求17所述的汽化器,其中所述第二电端子定位在所述室外。
20.根据权利要求17至19中任一权利要求所述的汽化器,其中所述第二电端子定位成邻近于所述隔片。
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