CN110836667A - 在玻璃状主体中使用稀土增益掺杂剂的固态环形激光陀螺仪 - Google Patents

在玻璃状主体中使用稀土增益掺杂剂的固态环形激光陀螺仪 Download PDF

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CN110836667A
CN110836667A CN201910653953.0A CN201910653953A CN110836667A CN 110836667 A CN110836667 A CN 110836667A CN 201910653953 A CN201910653953 A CN 201910653953A CN 110836667 A CN110836667 A CN 110836667A
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glass
rare earth
loop path
doped
mirror
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迪安·E·约翰逊
吴剑峰
艾伦·布鲁斯·塔弛贝里
特里萨·马尔塔
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Honeywell International Inc
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Abstract

本发明题为“在玻璃状主体中使用稀土增益掺杂剂的固态环形激光陀螺仪”。本发明提供了一种固态环形激光陀螺仪，该固态环形激光陀螺仪包括：激光器块，所述激光器块包括具有光学闭环路径的谐振环腔；多个反射镜结构，安装在该块上并包括反射闭环路径周围的光束相应的多层反射镜；和泵浦激光器组件，该泵浦激光器组件通过反射镜结构中的一个反射镜结构与闭环路径光学通信。多层反射镜的一个或多个包含稀土掺杂增益层，该稀土掺杂增益层可操作以在闭环路径中产生反向传播光束的双向光学放大。在一些实施方案中，该增益层包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，该玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃。另选地，该增益层除二氧化硅之外可包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的钕掺杂剂。

Description

在玻璃状主体中使用稀土增益掺杂剂的固态环形激光陀螺仪
背景技术
环形激光陀螺仪通常包含具有多个互连通道的固体电介质材料块，这些通道被布置成闭环以形成谐振腔，其中反射镜位于每个通道的交叉处。在一些实施方式中，激光气体包含在谐振腔内，并且电势施加到激光气体以在谐振腔中产生反向传播的激光束。在其他实施方式中，固态增益介质被添加到谐振腔中的反射镜中的一个以产生反向传播的激光束，而不使用激光气体。例如，可以使用几个半波长的掺钕二氧化硅来产生用于谐振腔的激光增益介质。
发明内容
一种固态环形激光陀螺仪包括：激光器块，该激光器块包括具有光学闭环路径的谐振环腔；多个反射镜结构，所述多个反射镜结构分别安装在所述激光器块上，该反射镜结构中的每一个反射镜结构包括与光学闭环路径光学通信的相应多层反射镜，每个多层反射镜被定位并成角度以反射光学闭环路径周围的光束；和泵浦激光器组件，所述泵浦激光器组件通过反射镜结构中的一个反射镜结构与闭环路径光学通信。一个或多个多层反射镜包含稀土掺杂的增益层。增益层可操作以在光学闭环路径中产生反向传播光束的双向光学放大。泵浦激光器组件被配置成将光束注入稀土掺杂增益层中。在一些实施方案中，稀土掺杂的增益层包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃。另选地，稀土掺杂的增益层可包含或掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中除二氧化硅之外的钕掺杂剂。
附图说明
通过参考附图的以下描述，本发明的特征对于本领域的技术人员将变得显而易见。应当理解，附图仅示出了典型的实施方案，并且因此不应认为是限制本发明的范围，将通过使用附图以附加特征和细节来描述本发明，其中：
图1是根据一个实施方案的可以用稀土增益掺杂材料实现的固态环形激光陀螺仪的示意图；以及
图2是根据一个实施方案的增益反射镜结构的示意图，该增益反射镜结构可用于固态环形激光陀螺仪中的双向光学放大。
具体实施方式
在以下具体实施方式中，对实施方案进行了充分的描述，以使本领域的技术人员能够实践本发明。应当理解，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可利用其他实施方案。因此，以下详细描述不应被视为具有限制意义。
本文公开了一种在玻璃状主体中使用稀土增益掺杂剂的固态环形激光陀螺仪。
如上所述，已知钕(Nd)掺杂的二氧化硅(SiO2)可用于为固态环形激光陀螺仪的谐振腔产生激光增益介质。虽然已经充分研究了这种激光增益介质，但是可以选择其他有源增益掺杂剂以实现相同的目的，以及用于有源增益掺杂剂的其他玻璃状主体。
在一些实施方案中，除钕掺杂的二氧化硅之外的，掺杂有源增益介质的稀土可用作固态增益介质。在一些实施方案中，增益介质可以包含掺杂到除二氧化硅之外的其他玻璃基质中的钕，诸如适合于离子束溅射沉积的玻璃基质。
激光增益介质可以被制造成薄膜增益反射镜，该薄膜增益反射镜为环形激光陀螺仪的谐振腔中的光束提供双向光学放大。当谐振腔的光学闭环路径中的增益超过损耗时，两个反向传播的光束围绕路径行进并且可用于测量旋转。
可以通过首先将交替的电介质材料层沉积到高度抛光的基板上以形成多层电介质反射镜来构造薄膜增益反射镜。此后，在多层电介质反射镜的顶部上沉积单层稀土掺杂的玻璃状主体材料以形成增益反射镜。在各种实施方案中，通过使交替的电介质材料层的厚度等于反向传播的激光束的四分之一光学波长，可以将电介质反射镜调谐到激光束波长。增益反射镜的厚度可以是激光束的半个光学波长的整数，以便最大化增益层内的激光强度以获得最大增益。
增益反射镜的玻璃状主体材料中的稀土离子负责光束的光学放大。光束的频率对旋转敏感，并且可以使用光束组合光学系统和检测器来测量与旋转成比例的光束频率的差异。
本固态环形激光陀螺仪具有消除通常在谐振腔中包含激光气体的环形激光陀螺仪中发现的磨损机制的益处，并且制造成本更低。
下文结合附图描述了各种实施方案的更多细节。
图1示出了根据一个实施方案的可以用稀土增益掺杂材料实现的固态环形激光陀螺仪100。环形激光陀螺仪100包括激光器块110，该激光器块具有光学闭环路径112形式的谐振环腔，该光学闭环路径具有基本上三角形的形状。虽然图1的实施方案将激光器块110示出为具有三个钝角的三角形，但应理解，这是非限制性实施例，并且其他实施方案可包括具有不同形状的激光器块。
多个反射镜结构114、116和118在各拐角115、117和119的每一个处分别安装在激光器块110上。反射镜结构114、116和118中的每一个具有相应的高反射多层反射镜120、122和124，它们在闭环路径112中的通道的交叉处定位并适当地成角度，以将来自一个通道的光反射到另一个通道中。在一个实施方案中，多层反射镜120、122和124是多层电介质反射镜。
多层反射镜中的至少一个形成为包括稀土掺杂增益介质的薄膜增益反射镜，增益反射镜可操作以在闭环路径112中产生双向光学放大。例如，稀土掺杂的增益层128可以形成在多层反射镜120上以产生增益反射镜，如图1所示。在其他实施方案中，稀土掺杂的增益层可以形成在一个或多个其他多层反射镜结构122、124上。增益层可以由稀土掺杂的玻璃材料的薄的无定形膜形成，该无定形膜可以使用常规沉积技术沉积在多层反射镜上。以下参照图2描述增益反射镜结构和组成的进一步细节。
包括光源132和聚焦光学器件134的泵浦激光器组件130通过反射镜结构114与闭环路径112光学通信。例如，光源132可包括激光二极管、发光二极管(LED)、超发光LED或LED阵列。
包括一个或多个光电探测器142的读出设备140通过反射镜结构116与闭环路径112光学通信。处理单元150与读出设备140可操作地通信。
当通过泵浦激光器组件130将光束注入到稀土掺杂的增益层128时，注入的光束需要以对增益层128具有吸收性的特定波长或波长发射，从而提供激发能量以实现粒子数反转以维持激光。这导致闭环路径112内的一对反向传播光束160通过从多层反射镜120、122和124反射沿相同光路行进。
环形激光陀螺仪100的旋转使得反向传播光束160的有效路径长度改变，从而在两个光束之间产生频率差，这可以用于确定角速率。例如，当光信号信息从闭环路径112耦合到读出设备140时，电压信号的输出通过读出设备140发送到处理单元150。根据电压信号确定反向传播光束160之间的频率差异，因此可以获得旋转信息。
关于与环形激光陀螺仪的激光器块相关联的物理结构和电子电路的未示出的其他细节被认为是本领域普通技术人员的知识，因此在此不再描述。
图2示出了根据一个实施方案的增益反射镜结构200，该增益反射镜结构可用于双向光学放大，诸如在固态环形激光陀螺仪中。增益反射镜结构200包括基板210，诸如高度抛光的玻璃基板。在基板210上形成多层反射镜叠层220，诸如高反射率多层电介质反射镜。多层反射镜叠层220可以通过沉积更高和更低折射率材料的交替层来形成，例如，每个折射率材料的厚度为光学波长的四分之一。在一个实施方案中，可以通过标准薄膜沉积技术沉积交替的二氧化钛(TiO2)和二氧化硅层以形成多层反射镜叠层220。
在多层反射镜叠层220上形成稀土掺杂增益层230。可以通过将稀土掺杂的玻璃状主体材料的薄膜沉积到多层反射镜叠层220的外层上来形成增益层230。在一个实施方案中，增益层230的厚度形成为例如整数个半光学波长。例如，可以采用离子束溅射沉积工艺来形成增益层230。
可用于形成增益层230的合适的稀土掺杂剂的非限制性实施例包含铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、和镥(Lu)。可用于形成增益层230的玻璃状主体材料的非限制性实施例包含二氧化硅，二氧化钛，氧化钽(Ta2O5)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃、非氧化物玻璃，诸如氟化物玻璃等。也可以使用适合于离子束溅射沉积的其他玻璃状主体材料。
在一些实施方案中，除了二氧化硅之外，将钕掺杂到其他玻璃状主体材料中以形成增益层。例如，可以将钕掺杂到其他玻璃状主体材料中，诸如二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃，诸如氟化物玻璃。
在一些其他实施方案中，将除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂被掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中以形成增益层。例如，除了钕之外的稀土掺杂剂可以被掺杂到二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃中，诸如氟化物玻璃。
示例性实施方案
实施例1包括一种固态环形激光陀螺仪，该固态环形激光陀螺仪包括：激光器块，该激光器块包括具有光学闭环路径的谐振环腔；多个反射镜结构，该多个反射镜结构分别安装在激光器块上，反射镜结构中的每个反射镜结构包括与光学闭环路径光学通信的相应多层反射镜，每个多层反射镜被定位并成角度以反射光学闭环路径周围的光束；和泵浦激光器组件，该泵浦激光器组件通过反射镜结构中的一个反射镜结构与光学闭环路径光学通信；其中多层反射镜中的一个或多个反射镜包含稀土掺杂增益层，该增益层可操作以在光学闭环路径中产生反向传播光束的双向光学放大；其中泵浦激光器组件被配置成将光束注入到稀土掺杂增益层中；其中稀土掺杂增益层包含：掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，其中玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃；或除二氧化硅之外的掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的钕掺杂剂。
实施例2包括实施例1所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中稀土掺杂剂包含铈、镨、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、或镥。
实施例3包括实施例1所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中当稀土掺杂增益层包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除二氧化硅之外的钕掺杂剂时，玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃。
实施例4包括实施例1-3中任一项所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中多层反射镜包括多层电介质反射镜。
实施例5包括实施例4所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中多层电介质反射镜包含交替的高折射率和低折射率电介质材料层。
实施例6包括实施例1-5中任一项所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中泵浦激光器组件包括：光源，该光源包括激光二极管、发光二极管(LED)、超发光LED或LED阵列；以及与光学闭环路径进行光学通信的聚焦光学器件。
实施例7包括实施例1-6中任一项所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中来自泵浦激光器组件的光束具有可操作以在稀土掺杂剂中产生粒子数反转以便产生光学放大的波长和强度。
实施例8包括增益反射镜结构，该增益反射镜结构包括：基板；基板上的多层反射镜叠层；和多层反射镜叠层上的稀土掺杂增益层，其中稀土掺杂增益层包含：掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，其中玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃；或除二氧化硅之外的掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的钕掺杂剂；其中增益反射镜可操作，以在光学闭环路径中产生反向传播光束的双向光学放大。
实施例9包括实施例8所述的增益反射镜结构，其中基板包含抛光的玻璃材料。
实施例10包括实施例8-9中任一项所述的增益反射镜结构，其中多层反射镜叠层包括多层电介质反射镜。
实施例11包括实施例10所述的增益反射镜结构，其中多层电介质反射镜包含交替的高折射率和低折射率的电介质材料层。
实施例12包括实施例8所述的增益反射镜结构，其中稀土掺杂剂包含铈、镨、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、或镥。
实施例13包括实施例8所述的增益反射镜结构，其中当稀土掺杂增益层包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除二氧化硅之外的钕掺杂剂时，玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃。
实施例14包括固态环形激光陀螺仪，该固态环形激光陀螺仪包括：激光器块，该激光器块包括具有基本三角形形状的光学闭环路径的谐振环腔；第一反射镜结构、第二反射镜结构和第三反射镜结构，反射镜结构中的每个分别安装在激光器块的拐角并具有与光学闭环路光学通信的相应多层电介质反射镜，每个多层电介质反射镜被定位并成角度以反射光学闭环路径周围的光束；泵浦激光器组件，该泵浦激光器组件通过反射镜结构之一与光学闭环路径光学通信；其中一个或多个反射镜结构包括增益反射镜，该增益反射镜包括在多层电介质反射镜上的稀土掺杂增益层，增益反射镜可操作以产生光学闭环路径中反向传播光束的双向光学放大；其中泵浦激光器组件被配置成将光束注入稀土掺杂增益层中；其中稀土掺杂增益层包含：掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，其中玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃；或掺杂到除二氧化硅之外的玻璃状主体材料中的钕掺杂剂。
实施例15包括实施例14所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中稀土掺杂剂包含铈、镨、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、或镥。
实施例16包括实施例14所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中当稀土掺杂增益层包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除二氧化硅之外的钕掺杂剂时，玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃。
实施例17包括实施例14-16中任一项所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中多层电介质反射镜包含交替的高折射率和低折射率的电介质材料层。
实施例18包括实施例14-17中任一项所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中来自激光器组件的光束具有可操作以在稀土掺杂剂中产生粒子数反转以便产生光学放大的波长和强度。
实施例19包括实施例14-18中任一项所述的环形激光陀螺仪，该环形激光陀螺仪还包括：读出设备，该读出设备包括与光学闭环路径光学通信的一个或多个光电探测器；其中，读出设备可操作以从光学闭环路径接收光学信号信息，并输出对应于光学信号信息的电压信号。
实施例20包括实施例19所述的环形激光陀螺仪，该环形激光陀螺仪还包括：处理单元，该处理单元与读出设备可操作地通信；其中处理单元可操作以接收来自读出设备的电压信号；其中处理单元可操作以确定来自电压信号的反向传播光束之间的频率差以获得旋转信息。
本发明可以其他具体形式体现，而不脱离其基本特性。所述实施例在所有方面将被视为仅是说明性的而非限制性的。因此，本发明的范围由所附权利要求书而不是前述说明书指出。在权利要求的等价性的含义和范围内的所有变化都将涵盖在其范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种固态环形激光陀螺仪，包括：
激光器块，所述激光器块包括具有光学闭环路径的谐振环腔；
多个反射镜结构，所述多个反射镜结构分别安装在所述激光器块上，所述反射镜结构中的每一个反射镜结构包括与所述光学闭环路径光学通信的相应多层反射镜，每个多层反射镜被定位并成角度以反射所述光学闭环路径周围的光束；和
泵浦激光器组件，所述泵浦激光器组件通过所述反射镜结构中的一个反射镜结构与所述光学闭环路径光学通信；
其中所述多层反射镜中的一个或多个反射镜包含稀土掺杂增益层，所述增益层可操作以在所述光学闭环路径中产生反向传播光束的双向光学放大；
其中所述泵浦激光器组件被配置成将光束注入到所述稀土掺杂增益层中；
其中所述稀土掺杂增益层包含：
掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，其中所述玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃；或
除二氧化硅之外的掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的钕掺杂剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环形激光陀螺仪，其中：
所述稀土掺杂剂包含铈、镨、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、或镥；或
当所述稀土掺杂增益层包含掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除二氧化硅之外的钕掺杂剂时，所述玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃。
3.一种增益反射镜结构，包括：
基底；
所述基板上的多层反射镜叠层；和
稀土掺杂增益层，所述稀土掺杂增益层在所述多层反射镜叠层上，其中所述稀土掺杂的增益层包含：
掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的除钕之外的稀土掺杂剂，其中所述玻璃状主体材料包含二氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铝、氧化锆、硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、亚碲酸盐玻璃、氟硅酸盐玻璃或非氧化物玻璃；或
除二氧化硅之外的掺杂到玻璃状主体材料中的钕掺杂剂；
其中所述增益反射镜可操作，以在光学闭环路径中产生反向传播光束的双向光学放大。
CN201910653953.0A 2018-08-17 2019-07-19 在玻璃状主体中使用稀土增益掺杂剂的固态环形激光陀螺仪 Pending CN110836667A (zh)

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