CN110814868A

CN110814868A - High-precision gearbox shaft grinding process

Info

Publication number: CN110814868A
Application number: CN201911208719.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢宓; 肖昌玉; 何海兵; 夏义伟
Original assignee: Chongqing Ruisheng Machinery Factory Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Ruisheng Machinery Factory Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-30
Filing date: 2019-11-30
Publication date: 2020-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-30
Also published as: CN110814868B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of gearbox shaft grinding, in particular to a high-precision gearbox shaft grinding process which comprises three steps of rough grinding, finish grinding and ultra-precision grinding, wherein the rough grinding, the finish grinding and the ultra-precision grinding are all carried out on a centerless grinding machine, the granularity of a grinding wheel in the rough grinding is 65-75 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 7K, the granularity of a grinding wheel in the finish grinding is 590-1210 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K, the granularity of the grinding wheel in the ultra-precision grinding is 1190-1210 grains, and the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K; the rotating speeds of the grinding wheels in the three steps of coarse grinding, fine grinding and ultra-fine grinding are 1300 rpm, and the rotating speeds of the guide wheels are equal. This scheme makes the precision of polishing further improve.

Description

High-precision gearbox shaft grinding process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of gearbox shaft grinding, in particular to a high-precision gearbox shaft grinding process.

Background

In the process of machining the gearbox shaft, the gearbox shaft needs to be polished, so that the surface of the gearbox shaft is smooth, and the polishing of the existing gearbox shaft is usually realized on a centerless grinder. A centerless grinder, which is a grinder for grinding without adopting the axis positioning of a workpiece, and mainly comprises a grinding wheel, a guide wheel and a bracket, wherein the grinding wheel plays a grinding role, the guide wheel is used for controlling the rotation and the movement of the workpiece, and the bracket is used for supporting the workpiece, for example, the invention patent published by the Chinese patent application No. CN106625052A is a centerless grinder.

In the prior art, when a centerless grinding machine is used for grinding a gearbox shaft, continuous machining can be realized, tool withdrawal is not needed, grinding efficiency is high, grinding precision is high, but the current precision can only reach 0.1mm at most, and the problem of solving the problem of further improving the grinding precision is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-precision gearbox shaft polishing process so as to further improve the polishing precision.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the high-precision gearbox shaft grinding process comprises three steps of rough grinding, finish grinding and ultra-precision grinding, wherein the rough grinding, the finish grinding and the ultra-precision grinding are all carried out on a centerless grinding machine, the granularity of a grinding wheel in the rough grinding is 65-75 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 7K, the granularity of a grinding wheel in the finish grinding is 590-610 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K, the granularity of a grinding wheel in the ultra-precision grinding is 1190-1210 grains, and the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K; the rotating speeds of the grinding wheels in the three steps of coarse grinding, fine grinding and ultra-fine grinding are 1300 rpm, and the rotating speeds of the guide wheels are equal.

When the technical scheme is adopted, the grinding is divided into three steps of coarse grinding, fine grinding and ultra-fine grinding, so that the workpiece is gradually ground, the grinding precision of the workpiece can be gradually improved, the granularity in the coarse grinding process is 65-75 grains, the hardness of a grinding wheel is 7K, and the rotating speed is 1300 rpm, so that the workpiece is cut, and the workpiece can reach the specified roundness and straightness; in the fine grinding process, the granularity is 590-610 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K, the rotating speed is 1300 rpm, and the grinding precision of the workpiece can reach 0.1 mm; and finally, performing a super-precision grinding and polishing process, wherein the granularity of the grinding wheel is 1190-1210 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K, and the rotating speed is 1300 rpm, so that the workpiece polishing precision can reach 0.05mm, and the workpiece polishing precision is further improved. And through the scheme, Rmr can reach 90% (Rmr is a contour support length rate which is related to the actual contour degree shape of the workpiece, directly reflects a contact rate parameter and is an index reflecting the surface wear resistance of the workpiece), Rt reaches 1.6(Rt represents the total height of a contour peak valley, and the distance between a contour peak top line and a contour valley bottom line in the evaluation length), so that the comprehensive performance of the workpiece is obviously improved compared with the conventional polished workpiece.

Furthermore, in the polishing process, water is sprayed to the workpiece. Through spraying water to the workpiece, the water cooling of the workpiece can be realized, the workpiece is prevented from being polished by the high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel, the temperature of the workpiece is prevented from rising, and the polishing quality is guaranteed. And the water sprayed out can enable the scraps to be adhered together, so that the scraps can be prevented from splashing everywhere, and the treatment of the scraps is facilitated.

Further, the centerless grinder is a 1080B centerless grinder. 1080B centerless grinder work efficiency is high, and is more automatic, easy operation convenience.

Further, before polishing, a water tank is placed below the centerless grinding machine, a water pump used for spraying water to the workpiece to provide power is connected to the water tank, and a filtering unit is arranged above the water tank. After the water and the water tank drop onto the filter unit, the filter unit is used for filtering the water and the debris, so that the debris is remained on the filter unit, the water flows into the water tank through the filter unit, and the water in the water tank is sprayed to the workpiece through the water pump, so that the circulating flow of the water is realized, and the water is saved.

Further, when the workpiece is placed between the guide wheel and the grinding wheel, the workpiece is pushed into between the grinding wheel and the guide wheel by using the push rod. Therefore, the workpiece is pushed into the space between the grinding wheel and the guide wheel through the push rod, the grinding wheel can be prevented from being touched by hands, and the safety is improved.

Further, after the ultra-precision grinding, the surface of the workpiece is wiped clean using cloth. Therefore, the surface of the workpiece is wiped clean through the cloth, so that the surface of the workpiece is smoother, and the surface of the workpiece is brighter.

Further, the filtering unit comprises a conveying belt mechanism, the water tank is located between belt bodies of the conveying belt mechanism, and filtering holes are formed in the belt bodies of the conveying belt mechanism. The chips thus fall with the water onto the belt body of the conveyor belt mechanism, the chips remain on the belt body, and the water flows into the water tank through the filter holes in the belt body. The piece that drops on the area body can move along with the transmission of area body, when the piece that adheres to on the area body moved the below of area body, the piece can drop under the effect of dead weight to the automatic clearance of piece has been realized.

Further, a collecting box is arranged below the transmission belt mechanism. The collecting box is used for collecting the piece that drops from the area body, avoids the piece directly to drop to subaerially.

Furthermore, a shaking wheel positioned below the conveyor belt mechanism is arranged above the collecting box, and the shaking wheel intermittently offsets with the belt body of the conveyor belt mechanism. When the shaking wheel rotates, the shaking wheel intermittently offsets with the belt body, so that the belt body shakes, and the fragments adhered to the belt body drop easily, thereby being beneficial to the falling of stubborn fragments adhered to the belt body.

Furthermore, a water pipe is connected to the water tank, a spray head is connected to one end, far away from the water tank, of the water pipe, and the pump body is located on the water pipe. Therefore, water in the water tank enters the spray head through the water pipe, and the water is sprayed out of the spray head.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a centerless grinder in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a centerless grinder in example 2;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the base of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line C-C in fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the grinding wheel comprises a base 1, a grinding wheel 2, a guide wheel 3, an adjusting mechanism 4, a grinding mechanism 5, a spray head 6, a support 7, a fixing part 8, a gap 9, a support part 10, a collecting box 11, a shaking wheel 12, a belt wheel 13, a hair bundle 14, a first magnetic strip 15, a water tank 16, a second magnetic strip 17, a bearing belt 18, a belt body 19 and a magnet 20.

Example 1

Substantially as shown in figure 1: the high-precision gearbox shaft grinding process comprises the following steps:

A. rough grinding, namely, placing a workpiece into a centerless grinder for rough grinding, and referring to fig. 1, the centerless grinder in this embodiment includes a base 1, a grinding mechanism 5 and an adjusting mechanism 4 are fixed on the base 1 through screws, the grinding mechanism 5 is rotatably connected with a grinding wheel 2, the adjusting mechanism 4 is rotatably connected with a guide wheel 3, and for the working principle of the centerless grinder, that is, the structures of the grinding mechanism 5, the adjusting mechanism 4, the grinding wheel 2, the guide wheel 3, and the like, belong to the prior art, and do not belong to the invention of the present application, and therefore, detailed description is omitted here, and specific reference may be made to a 1080B centerless grinder. A support 7 positioned between the grinding wheel 2 and the guide wheel 3 is fixed on the base 1 through screws, the top of the support 7 is an inclined plane, and a workpiece is placed on the support 7. A spray head 6 positioned above the workpiece is arranged above the bracket 7. During rough grinding, a workpiece is placed on the support 7, the workpiece is pushed into a position between the grinding wheel 2 and the guide wheel 3 by using the push rod, the granularity of the grinding wheel 2 in the rough grinding is 65-75 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel 2 is 7K, the rotating speed is 1300 rpm, and the granularity of the grinding wheel 2 in the embodiment is preferably 70 grains. In the polishing process, the spray head 6 sprays water to the surface of the workpiece.

B. And after finish grinding and rough grinding, finish grinding the workpiece, pushing the workpiece into a space between the grinding wheel 2 and the guide wheel 3 by using a push rod, wherein the granularity of the grinding wheel 2 in finish grinding is 590-610 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel 2 is 5K, the rotating speed is 1300 rpm, and the granularity of the grinding wheel 2 in the embodiment is preferably 600 grains. In the polishing process, the spray head 6 sprays water to the surface of the workpiece.

C. Superfinishing, after the fine grinding, superfinishing the workpiece, pushing the workpiece into a space between the grinding wheel 2 and the guide wheel 3 by using a push rod, wherein the granularity of the grinding wheel 2 in the superfinishing is 1190-1210 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel 2 is 5K, the rotating speed is 1300 rpm, and the granularity of the grinding wheel 2 in the embodiment is preferably 1200 grains. In the polishing process, the spray head 6 sprays water to the surface of the workpiece.

D. After the ultra-precision grinding, the surface of the workpiece is wiped clean using cloth.

E. The finished product after processing is detected, and the precision of workpiece polishing can reach 0.05mm, so compared with the prior art, the precision of the workpiece is further improved.

Example 2

The embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 1, and mainly improves a centerless grinding machine used in a grinding process, and the structure is as follows: including the frame, the below of base 1 is equipped with conveyor belt mechanism, and conveyor belt mechanism includes two band pulleys 13 and the area body 19 that is located two band pulleys 13, installs driving motor in the frame, and driving motor's output shaft and band pulley 13 pass through the coaxial fixed connection of parallel key, and driving motor can drive band pulley 13 and rotate like this. The belt body 19 is provided with a plurality of filtering holes and through holes, a plurality of hair bundles 14 are inserted into the through holes, the hair bundles 14 in the embodiment are iron wires, the hair bundles 14 penetrate through the belt body 19, a bearing belt 18 for placing the hair bundles 14 is arranged between the belt bodies 19, a plurality of telescopic rods (not shown in the figure) are connected between the bearing belt 18 and the belt body 19, and two ends of each telescopic rod can be respectively bonded with the bearing belt 18 and the belt body 19 in a specific connection mode. The hair bundles 14 are adhered to the carrier belt 18, the carrier belt 18 is provided with a plurality of water holes, and as shown in fig. 4, the diameter of the middle part of the belt wheel 13 is smaller than that of the two ends of the belt wheel 13, so that the carrier belt 18 is positioned between the two big ends of the belt wheel 13 to limit the carrier belt 18, and the arrangement of the carrier belt 18 cannot be influenced by the belt wheel 13. Magnets 20 are bonded to the side of the carrier belt 18 remote from the belt body 19 near the two large ends of the pulley 13. As shown in fig. 2, a water tank 16 is disposed between the belt bodies 19, the water tank 16 is fixed to the rack by screws, a first magnetic stripe 15 fixed to the rack by screws is disposed above the water tank 16, a second magnetic stripe 17 fixed to the rack by screws is disposed below the water tank 16, the first magnetic stripe 15 is opposite to a magnet 20 on a carrier belt 18 above the water tank 16, the upper surface of the first magnetic stripe 15 has the same magnetism as the lower surface of the magnet 20 on the carrier belt 18 above the water tank 16, the second magnetic stripe 17 is opposite to the magnet 20 on the carrier belt 18 below the water tank 16, and the lower surface of the second magnetic stripe 17 has the opposite magnetism to the upper surface of the magnet 20 on the carrier belt 18 below the water tank 16. In this embodiment, a water pipe is connected between the water tank 16 and the nozzle 6, and a water pump fixed on the frame by screws is arranged on the water pipe.

A collecting box 11 is arranged below the conveyor belt mechanism, a shaking wheel 12 which is rotatably connected to the rack is arranged above the collecting box 11, and a motor is fixed on the rack through a screw and used for driving the shaking wheel 12 to rotate. The shaking wheel 12 intermittently abuts against the lower belt body 19 of the conveyor mechanism.

Referring to fig. 3, the base 1 in this embodiment includes a base body, two sides of the base body are fixing portions 8, the fixing portions can respectively fix the grinding mechanism 5 and the adjusting mechanism 4 through bolts, a bracket portion 10 is disposed between the two fixing portions 8 and is used for being connected with the bracket 7 through bolts, and a gap 9 is disposed between the bracket portion 10 and the fixing portions 8, so that water sprayed from the spray head 6 and debris flushed by water can fall onto the belt body 19 of the conveyor belt mechanism through the gap 9 and cannot be blocked by the base 1.

In the embodiment, when a workpiece is polished, the belt wheel 13 rotates, the belt wheel 13 drives the belt body 19 to rotate, and the belt body 19 drives the carrier belt 18 to move and convey together through the telescopic rod. Meanwhile, the water pump is started, the water in the water tank 16 is pumped into the spray head 6 through the water pipe by the water pump and is sprayed out from the spray head 6, the sprayed water is sprayed onto the workpiece and the grinding wheel 2, the temperature of the workpiece can be reduced, and meanwhile, the ground chips are washed by the water and move downwards together to fall onto the belt body 19 on the upper side of the conveyor belt mechanism. Because the upper surface of first magnetic stripe 15 is the same with the magnetism that is located the lower surface of the magnet 20 of the area body 19 of water tank 16 top, so first magnetic stripe 15 repels magnet 20, magnet 20 drives bearing belt 18 rebound, the telescopic link shortens, bearing belt 18 upwards promotes tuft 14, tuft 14 stretches out from the area body 19 of conveyer belt mechanism upside, the length that tuft 14 stretched out is longer, the piece that drops on the area body 19 like this can be hooked by the brush, thereby can avoid the piece to drop on the area body 19 and be bounced off, the piece has been avoided splashing everywhere, do benefit to the security that improves processing. Meanwhile, since the chips are hooked by the tufts 14, when water flows downward through the filter holes on the belt body 19, the chips do not move downward with the water, and the chips are prevented from falling below the belt body 19 through the filter holes, and further prevented from falling into the water tank 16, thereby further improving the filtering effect of the water.

With the conveying of the belt body 19, the belt body 19 adhered with the scraps moves to the lower part of the water tank 16, at this time, because the lower surface of the second magnetic stripe 17 is opposite to the magnetism of the upper surface of the magnet 20 of the belt body 19 positioned below the water tank 16, the second magnetic stripe 17 attracts the magnet 20, the bearing belt 18 positioned below the water tank 16 moves towards the direction close to the water tank 16, the telescopic rod extends, the bearing belt 18 drives the hairbrush to move towards the direction far away from the collecting box 11, the length of the hair bundle 14 extending out of the belt body 19 on the belt body 19 positioned below the water tank 16 is reduced, the hooking capacity of the hair bundle 14 to the scraps is reduced, and the scraps adhered to the belt body 19 are. At the same time, the shaking wheel 12 rotates, and the shaking wheel 12 intermittently abuts against the belt 19 located below the water tank 16, so that the belt 19 located below the water tank 16 is shaken, and thus the chips adhered to the belt 19 located below the water tank 16 fall into the collection tank 11 to be collected.

In summary, when the embodiment is adopted, the following beneficial effects are achieved: 1. the length of the extended bristles 14 on the belt body 19 above the water tank 16 is long, so that the fallen chips can be hooked, the chips are prevented from splashing everywhere, the capacity of adsorbing the chips is improved, and the safety is improved; 2. the flocks 14 on the belt body 19 above the water tank 16 hook the fragments, so that the fragments can be prevented from flowing into the water tank 16 along with water through the filter holes to a certain extent, the filter holes are prevented from being blocked by the fragments, and the filtering effect of the belt body 19 can be ensured; 3. the length that the hair bundle 14 on the area body 19 that is located water tank 16 below stretches out is shorter, can make the ability of hooking the piece of hair bundle 14 reduce like this, does benefit to the piece and drops to collection case 11 in, has realized the clearance of piece to the piece drops under the effect of dead weight, and the piece can not be to splashing all around, has improved the security.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various changes and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should be construed as the scope of protection of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts, which are omitted from the description of the present invention, are all known techniques.

Claims

1. High accuracy gearbox axle sanding process, including corase grind, accurate grinding and super precision grinding three step, corase grind, accurate grinding and super precision grinding all go on its characterized in that on centerless grinder: the granularity of the grinding wheel in the rough grinding is 65-75 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 7K, the granularity of the grinding wheel in the fine grinding is 590-610 grains, the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K, the granularity of the grinding wheel in the ultra-precision grinding is 1190-1210 grains, and the hardness of the grinding wheel is 5K; the rotating speeds of the grinding wheels in the three steps of coarse grinding, fine grinding and ultra-fine grinding are 1300 rpm, and the rotating speeds of the guide wheels are equal.

2. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the polishing process, water is sprayed to the workpiece.

3. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the centerless grinding machine is a 1080B centerless grinding machine.

4. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 2, characterized in that: before polishing, a water tank is placed below the centerless grinding machine, a water pump used for spraying water to the workpiece to provide power is connected to the water tank, and a filtering unit is arranged above the water tank.

5. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the workpiece is placed between the guide wheel and the grinding wheel, the workpiece is pushed into the space between the grinding wheel and the guide wheel by using the push rod.

6. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the ultra-precision grinding, the surface of the workpiece is wiped clean using cloth.

7. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 4, wherein: the filtering unit comprises a conveying belt mechanism, the water tank is located between belt bodies of the conveying belt mechanism, and filtering holes are formed in the belt bodies of the conveying belt mechanism.

8. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 7, wherein: and a collecting box is arranged below the driving belt mechanism.

9. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 8, wherein: and a shaking wheel positioned below the conveyor belt mechanism is arranged above the collecting box, and the shaking wheel intermittently offsets with the belt body of the conveyor belt mechanism.

10. The high precision gearbox shaft grinding process according to claim 4, wherein: the water tank is connected with a water pipe, one end of the water pipe, which is far away from the water tank, is connected with a spray head, and the pump body is positioned on the water pipe.