CN110808619B - Series-parallel power grid steady-state control method - Google Patents

Series-parallel power grid steady-state control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110808619B
CN110808619B CN201911130574.XA CN201911130574A CN110808619B CN 110808619 B CN110808619 B CN 110808619B CN 201911130574 A CN201911130574 A CN 201911130574A CN 110808619 B CN110808619 B CN 110808619B
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upfc
power
loss
node
direct current
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CN110808619A (en
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肖鸣
霍启迪
陈萌
谢岩
谢莹华
李婧
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Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a steady-state control method of a series-parallel power grid, which comprises the following steps: step S1, respectively calculating power consumption of an alternating current node, power consumption of UPFC and direct current power consumption in an alternating current-direct current hybrid power grid containing direct current and UPFC; step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula: minP loss =ΔP ac‑l +ΔP ac‑T +ΔP UPFC +ΔP dc Wherein DeltaP ac‑l For ac line loss, Δp ac‑T For ac transformer losses, K UPFC For UPFC loss factor, ΔP DC Is the loss of the direct current transmission system; step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage; and S4, controlling the direct current or UPFC transmission capacity, and comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss to determine an optimal control scheme. The invention aims at controlling the line power not to exceed the limit and the overall loss of the AC/DC system to be minimum, thereby achieving the global optimal control.

Description

Series-parallel power grid steady-state control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power systems, and relates to a steady-state control method of a series-parallel power grid.
Background
FACTS elements that can affect grid active power regulation mainly include direct current, UPFC, and generators and loads. In practical power grid research, generators and loads are generally considered as boundary conditions, and dynamic characteristics and interaction effects of direct current and UPFC are mainly analyzed.
In the millisecond time scale, the direct current generally responds to signals sent by other alternating current and direct current systems so as to realize the direct current power emergency lifting or falling function; under the time scale, the UPFC usually adopts a bypass to avoid transient fault impact, and is put into operation again after the fault is eliminated, or adopts the mode that the power of the line is controlled to be the initial value and does not act, or adopts the mode that the power of the line is controlled to be the maximum value to transmit the accelerating power as much as possible, so that the step-out risk of the power grid at the transmitting end is reduced, or adopts the mode that the power of the line is controlled to be the minimum value to reduce the heavy load risk of the line, and redistributes the accelerating power transfer path of the power grid at the transmitting end. At this time, from the perspective of the overall stability of the receiving-end power grid, the interaction influence of the direct current and UPFC control strategies is comprehensively evaluated, and whether the influence on the stability of the receiving-end power grid is in the same direction or in the opposite direction is evaluated, so that the interaction influence between the direct current and UPFC control strategies is determined.
In the second level and the minute level, the direct current system can respond to the parallel alternating current line power or current signal to realize the rapid adjustment of the direct current power, and the dynamic oscillation track of the original system is subjected to peak clipping and valley filling, so that the system oscillation is rapidly restrained; under the time scale, the UPFC generally takes the line power maintained at a set value as a control target, and meanwhile, the UPFC also has the effect of tracking the line power or current signal to enhance the damping and inhibit oscillation of the system. At this time, the input adopted by the direct current and the UPFC is likely not the signal of the same alternating current line, and there may be mismatch between damping effects on system oscillation, and in severe cases, even risk of oscillation excitation expansion.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a steady-state control method of a series-parallel power grid, which solves the problems that the existing method can not enable the power grid to run at the optimal point and can not realize effective load balancing and overall loss control.
The invention provides a steady-state control method of a series-parallel power grid, which comprises the following steps of:
step S1, respectively calculating power consumption of an alternating current node, power consumption of UPFC and direct current power consumption in an alternating current-direct current hybrid power grid containing direct current and UPFC;
step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula:
min P loss =ΔP ac-l +ΔP ac-T +ΔP UPFC +ΔP dc
wherein DeltaP ac-l Is AC line lossConsumption, deltaP ac-T For ac transformer losses, K UPFC For UPFC loss factor, ΔP DC Is the loss of the direct current transmission system;
step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage;
and S4, controlling the direct current or UPFC transmission capacity, and comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss to determine an optimal control scheme.
Further, in step S1, ac node power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein j epsilon i is that alternating current node j is connected with alternating current node i, P Gi Active power, Q, injected into ac node i for the generator to which ac node i is connected Gi Reactive power, P, injected into an ac node i for a generator to which the ac node i is connected Li For the active load connected to ac node i, Q Li For the active load connected to ac node i, U i For the voltage of the AC node i, U j At the voltage of the AC node j, G ij For the conductance of the AC line between the AC nodes i, j, B ij Susceptance, θ, of an ac line between ac nodes i, j ij P is the phase angle difference between the alternating current nodes i and j UPFC Injecting active power of alternating current node i for UPFC, Q UPFC Reactive power of the ac node i is injected for UPFC.
Further, in step S1, UPFC power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein P is 0 Injecting active power, Q, of alternating current nodes into UPFC 0 Reactive power of the ac node is injected for UPFC.
Further, in step S1, the dc power is calculated using the following formula:
wherein P is DC Active power of direct current injected into alternating current node, Q DC And injecting reactive power into the alternating current node for direct current.
Further, in step S2, the ac line loss and the ac transformer loss are calculated by the following formula:
wherein when ΔP is calculated AC-l When Nl is the total number of the alternating current lines, U i 、U j The voltages of the alternating current nodes i and j at the two ends of the alternating current line l are respectively calculated as delta P AC-T When i is the high voltage node of the transformer, j is the low voltage node of the transformer.
Further, in step S2, the UPFC loss coefficient is calculated by multiplying the UPFC transmission active power by the loss coefficient to be the UPFC system loss, specifically by the following formula:
ΔP UPFC =K UPFC ×P UPFC
wherein K is UPFC Is the UPFC loss factor.
Further, in step S2, the dc transmission system loss uses the dc transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient as the dc system loss, and specifically, the dc transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔP DC =K DC ×P DC
wherein K is DC Is the DC loss coefficient.
Further, in the step S3, the constraint condition of the UPFC power control capability is specifically the following formula:
P 0min ≤P 0 ≤P 0max
wherein P is 0max The upper power limit value output to the ac system for UPFC outlet i,P 0min the power lower limit value output to the ac system for the UPFC outlet i.
Further, in the step S3, the constraint condition of the transmission power of the transformer is specifically the following formula:
PT j ≤PT jN j=1,2,...i,...NT
wherein P is Ti For the transmission power of transformer j, P TjN Is the rated transmission power of the transformer j.
Further, in the step S3, the constraint condition of the bus voltage is specifically the following formula:
U min ≤U m ≤U max m=1,2,...m,...N B
wherein U is m For the voltage of bus m, U max U is the upper limit value of the bus m voltage min Is the lower limit value of the bus m voltage.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a steady-state control method of a series-parallel power grid, which realizes optimal power flow distribution in a normal running state, an overhaul state and a state after failure setting of the power grid by coordinately controlling the power of a line where direct current and UPFC are located, and aims to control the power of the line to be not out of limit and the overall loss of an alternating current-direct current system to be minimum so as to achieve overall optimal control;
and the power flow distribution of an alternating current-direct current system is optimized, and the safe and economic operation of the power grid is realized. The steady-state control strategy can be applied to normal and overhauling operation modes, and an optimal operation point is searched in an allowable operation range through calculation of an optimal power flow, so that the aim of comprehensive control of load balance of each partition and minimum overall network loss is fulfilled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that it is within the scope of the invention to one skilled in the art to obtain other drawings from these drawings without inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main flow of an embodiment of a method for controlling a steady state of a series-parallel power grid according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a series-parallel power grid architecture provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of comparison of modulated dc with modulated UPGU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
As shown in fig. 1, a main flow schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for controlling a steady state of a series-parallel power grid provided by the present invention is shown, and in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
step S1, respectively calculating power consumption of an alternating current node, power consumption of UPFC and direct current power consumption in an alternating current-direct current hybrid power grid containing direct current and UPFC, wherein the alternating current-direct current hybrid power grid consists of an alternating current power grid, direct current and UPFC;
in a specific embodiment, the ac node power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein j epsilon i is that alternating current node j is connected with alternating current node i, P Gi Active power injected into the alternating current node i by the generator connected with the alternating current node i takes the flowing direction of the active power to the alternating current node i as the positive direction, Q Gi Reactive power injected into the alternating current node i by the generator connected with the alternating current node i takes the flowing direction of the reactive power to the alternating current node i as the positive direction, P Li For active load connected with AC node i, taking outflow AC node i as positive direction, Q Li For active load connected with AC node i, U takes outflow AC node i as positive direction i For the voltage of the AC node i, U j At the voltage of the AC node j, G ij For the conductance of the AC line between the AC nodes i, j, B ij Susceptance, θ, of an ac line between ac nodes i, j ij P is the phase angle difference between the alternating current nodes i and j UPFC Injecting active power of an alternating current node i for UPFC, taking the inflow alternating current node i as positive, and if the node has no UPFC connection, taking the active power as 0, Q UPFC Injecting reactive power of an alternating current node i for UPFC, taking the inflow alternating current node i as positive, and if the node is not connected with UPFC, setting the reactive power as 0;
specifically, the UPFC power consumption was calculated using the following formula:
wherein P is 0 Injecting active power, Q, of alternating current nodes into UPFC 0 Injecting reactive power of an alternating current node for UPFC;
more specifically, the dc power is calculated using the following formula:
wherein P is DC Active power of direct current injected into alternating current node, Q DC And injecting reactive power into the alternating current node for direct current.
Step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula:
minP loss =ΔP ac-l +ΔP ac-T +ΔP UPFC +ΔP dc
wherein DeltaP ac-l For ac line loss, Δp ac-T For ac transformer losses, K UPFC For UPFC loss factor, ΔP DC Is the loss of the direct current transmission system;
in the embodiment, the AC loss is composed of two parts, namely AC line loss ΔP AC-l Ac transformer loss Δp AC-T The ac line loss and ac transformer loss are calculated by the following formula:
wherein when ΔP is calculated AC-l When Nl is the total number of the alternating current lines, U i 、U j The voltages of the alternating current nodes i and j at the two ends of the alternating current line l are respectively calculated as delta P AC-T When i is a high-voltage node of the transformer, j is a low-voltage node of the transformer;
specifically, the UPFC loss coefficient is calculated by using the UPFC transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient as the UPFC system loss, and specifically by the following formula:
ΔP UPFC =K UPFC ×P UPFC
wherein K is UPFC Is UPFC loss coefficient;
more specifically, the loss of the direct current transmission system takes the direct current transmission active power multiplied by a loss coefficient as the loss of the direct current system, and is specifically calculated by the following formula:
ΔP DC =K DC ×P DC
wherein K is DC Is the DC loss coefficient.
Step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage;
in a specific embodiment, the constraint condition of the UPFC power control capability is specifically the following formula:
P 0min ≤P 0 ≤P 0max
wherein P is 0max Power upper limit value, P, for UPFC outlet i output to ac system 0min A power lower limit value output to an alternating current system for a UPFC outlet i;
specifically, the constraint condition of the transmission power of the transformer is specifically the following formula:
PT j ≤PT jN j=1,2,...i,...NT
wherein P is Ti For the transmission power of transformer j, P TjN Rated transmission power of the transformer j;
more specifically, the constraint condition of the bus voltage is specifically the following formula:
U min ≤U m ≤U max m=1,2,...m,...N B
wherein U is m For the voltage of bus m, U max U is the upper limit value of the bus m voltage min Is the lower limit value of the bus m voltage.
And S4, controlling the direct current or UPFC transmission capacity, and comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss to determine an optimal control scheme.
In one embodiment of the invention, under the condition of 360 ten thousand direct current power transmission, the power grid is subjected to fault scanning, and the power of the rest loop reaches 3420MW and exceeds the thermal stability constraint 3200MW.
When the transmission power is adjusted from 1500MW to 200MW by adjusting the UPFC transmission power constant value, the line power does not exceed the thermal stability limit, and the maximum value of the UPFC power is 400MW so as to meet the safety requirement when the power grid normally operates.
According to the optimal power flow model, on the basis of meeting the constraint condition requirement, the fixed value after UPFC modulation cannot be higher than 200 x 2MW, and accordingly the UPFC output power value is calculated and obtained, and the output power is positive when flowing into an alternating current system. On the premise of meeting the power supply safety, the loss of the AC/DC network is minimum and is 987MW;
as shown in fig. 3, after the fault, at least 180 ten thousand powers are modulated through simulation analysis, so that the residual line current can be reduced from 3400MW before modulation to below the rated value 3100 MW. By comparison with UPFC control, it can be seen that since the two branches are electrically closer together, the power is also controlled to not exceed the thermal stability limit, and the amount of modulation required is less than UPFC
For further details, reference is made to the foregoing description of the drawings, which is not described in detail herein.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a steady-state control method of a series-parallel power grid, which realizes optimal power flow distribution in a normal running state, an overhaul state and a state after failure setting of the power grid by coordinately controlling the power of a line where direct current and UPFC are located, and aims to control the power of the line to be not out of limit and the overall loss of an alternating current-direct current system to be minimum so as to achieve overall optimal control;
and the power flow distribution of an alternating current-direct current system is optimized, and the safe and economic operation of the power grid is realized. The steady-state control strategy can be applied to normal and overhauling operation modes, and an optimal operation point is searched in an allowable operation range through calculation of an optimal power flow, so that the aim of comprehensive control of load balance of each partition and minimum overall network loss is fulfilled.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is needless to say that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and therefore, the equivalent changes according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The steady-state control method of the series-parallel power grid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, respectively calculating power consumption of an alternating current node, power consumption of UPFC and direct current power consumption in an alternating current-direct current hybrid power grid containing direct current and UPFC;
step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula:
min P loss =ΔP ac-l +ΔP ac-T +ΔP UPFC +ΔP dc
wherein DeltaP ac-l For ac line loss, Δp ac-T Delta P for AC transformer losses UPFC For UPFC system loss, ΔP DC Is the loss of the direct current transmission system;
the UPFC transmission active power multiplied loss coefficient is used as the UPFC system loss, and the loss is calculated specifically by the following formula:
ΔP UPFC =K UPFC ×P UPFC
wherein K is UPFC Is UPFC loss coefficient; p (P) UPFC Active power of the UPFC system;
the active power multiplied by the loss coefficient of the direct current transmission is taken as the loss of the direct current system, and the method is specifically calculated by the following formula:
ΔP DC =K DC ×P DC
wherein K is DC Is the DC loss coefficient; p (P) DC Injecting active power into an alternating current node for direct current;
step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage;
and S4, controlling the direct current or UPFC transmission capacity, and determining an optimal control scheme by comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1 ac node power consumption is calculated using the formula:
wherein j epsilon i is that alternating current node j is connected with alternating current node i, P Gi Active power, Q, injected into ac node i for the generator to which ac node i is connected Gi Reactive power, P, injected into an ac node i for a generator to which the ac node i is connected Li For the active load connected to ac node i, Q Li For the active load connected to ac node i, U i For the voltage of the AC node i, U j At the voltage of the AC node j, G ij For the conductance of the AC line between the AC nodes i, j, B ij Susceptance, θ, of an ac line between ac nodes i, j ij P is the phase angle difference between the alternating current nodes i and j UPFC Injecting active power of alternating current node i for UPFC, Q UPFC Reactive power of the ac node i is injected for UPFC.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the constraint condition of the UPFC power control capability is specifically the following formula:
P 0min ≤P 0 ≤P 0max
wherein P is 0max Work output to the ac system for UPFC outlet iUpper limit of rate, P 0min The power lower limit value output to the ac system for the UPFC outlet i.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein in step S3, the constraint on the transmission power of the transformer is specifically the following formula:
P Tj ≤P TjN j=1,2,...i,...NT
wherein P is Ti For the transmission power of transformer j, P TjN Is the rated transmission power of the transformer j.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the constraint condition of the bus voltage is specifically the following formula:
U min ≤U m ≤U max m=1,2,...m,...N B
wherein U is m For the voltage of bus m, U max U is the upper limit value of the bus m voltage min Is the lower limit value of the bus m voltage.
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