CN110808619A - Steady-state control method for series-parallel power grid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid, which comprises the following steps: step S1, in the AC/DC hybrid power grid containing DC and UPFC, respectively calculating the AC node power consumption, UPFC power consumption and DC power consumption; step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula: minPloss＝ΔPac‑l+ΔPac‑T+ΔPUPFC+ΔPdcWherein, Δ Pac‑lFor ac line losses, Δ Pac‑TFor ac transformer losses, KUPFCIs the UPFC loss factor, Δ PDCLoss for the dc transmission system; step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage; and step S4, controlling the transmission capacity of the direct current or UPFC, comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss, and determining the optimal control scheme. The invention aims to control the line power not to exceed the limit and minimize the overall loss of the alternating current and direct current system, thereby achieving the global optimal control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power systems, and relates to a steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid.
Background
FACTS components that can affect the grid active power regulation mainly include dc, UPFC, and generator and load. In actual power grid research, generators and loads are generally considered as boundary conditions, and dynamic characteristics and interaction effects of direct current and UPFC are mainly analyzed.
On a millisecond time scale, the direct current generally responds to signals sent by other alternating current and direct current systems so as to realize the function of emergent rise or fall of the direct current power; under the time scale, the UPFC usually adopts a bypass to avoid transient fault impact, and is put into operation again after the fault is eliminated, or adopts the power of the line where the control is positioned as an initial value to not act, or adopts the power of the line where the control is positioned as a maximum value to transmit the accelerating power as much as possible, so that the desynchronizing risk of the power grid at the sending end is reduced, or adopts the power of the line where the control is positioned as a minimum value to reduce the overloading risk of the line, redistribute the accelerating power transfer path of the power grid at the sending end and the. At this time, from the perspective of overall stability of the receiving-end power grid, the interaction effect of the direct current and UPFC control strategies is comprehensively evaluated, and whether the influence of the direct current and UPFC control strategies on the stability of the receiving-end power grid is in the same direction or in the opposite direction is evaluated, so that the interaction effect between the direct current and UPFC control strategies is determined.
On the scale of second and minute, the direct current system can respond to the power or current signal of the parallel alternating current line to realize the rapid adjustment of the direct current power, so as to rapidly inhibit the system oscillation for the dynamic oscillation track 'peak clipping and valley filling' of the original system; on this time scale, the UPFC generally aims to maintain the line power at a set value, and also has the effects of tracking the line power or current signal to enhance system damping and suppress oscillation. At this time, the input used by the direct current and UPFC is probably not the signal of the same alternating current line, and the damping effect of the direct current and UPFC on the system oscillation may be mismatched, and in a serious case, even the risk of oscillation excitation expansion exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid, and solve the problems that the power grid cannot be operated at an optimal point and effective load balancing and overall loss control cannot be realized by the conventional method.
The invention provides a steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, in the AC/DC hybrid power grid containing DC and UPFC, respectively calculating the AC node power consumption, UPFC power consumption and DC power consumption;
step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula:
min Ploss＝ΔPac-l+ΔPac-T+ΔPUPFC+ΔPdc
wherein, Δ Pac-lFor ac line losses, Δ Pac-TFor ac transformer losses, KUPFCIs the UPFC loss factor, Δ PDCLoss for the dc transmission system;
step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage;
and step S4, controlling the transmission capacity of the direct current or UPFC, comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss, and determining the optimal control scheme.
Further, in step S1, the ac node power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein j belongs to i and is an alternating current node j connected with an alternating current node i, PGiActive power, Q, injected into AC node i for the generator connected to itGiReactive power, P, injected into AC node i for the generator connected to itLiActive loads, Q, connected for AC nodes iLiFor active loads connected to AC node i, UiFor the voltage of the AC node i, UjIs the voltage of the AC node j, GijFor the conductance of AC lines between AC nodes i, j, BijFor susceptance, theta, of an AC line between AC nodes i, jijIs a crossPhase angle difference between stream nodes i, j, PUPFCInjecting active power, Q, into AC node i for UPFCUPFCAnd injecting reactive power of the alternating current node i for the UPFC.
Further, in step S1, the UPFC power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein, P0Active power, Q, injected into AC node for UPFC0Reactive power at the ac node is injected for the UPFC.
Further, in step S1, the dc power is calculated using the following formula:
wherein, PDCInjecting active power, Q, into the AC node for DCDCAnd injecting reactive power of the alternating current node for direct current.
Further, in step S2, the ac line loss and the ac transformer loss are calculated by the following formulas:
wherein when calculating Δ PAC-lWhen Nl is the total number of AC lines, Ui、UjWhen calculating the voltage of AC nodes i and j at two ends of the AC line lAC-TWhen the voltage is higher than the voltage of the transformer, i is a high-voltage node of the transformer, and j is a low-voltage node of the transformer.
Further, in step S2, the UPFC loss coefficient takes the UPFC transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient as the UPFC system loss, and is specifically calculated by the following formula:
ΔPUPFC＝KUPFC×PUPFC
wherein, KUPFCThe UPFC loss factor.
Further, in step S2, the dc transmission system loss is calculated by taking the dc transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient as the dc system loss, specifically by the following formula:
ΔPDC＝KDC×PDC
wherein, KDCIs the dc loss factor.
Further, in step S3, the constraint condition of the UPFC power control capability is specifically the following formula:
P0min≤P0≤P0max
wherein, P0maxUpper limit of power, P, output to AC system for UPFC outlet i0minThe lower limit of power output to the ac system for UPFC outlet i.
Further, in step S3, the constraint condition of the transformer transmission power is specifically the following formula:
PTj≤PTjNj＝1,2,...i,...NT
wherein, PTiFor the transmission power of transformer j, PTjNIs the rated transmission power of the transformer j.
Further, in step S3, the constraint condition of the bus voltage is specifically the following formula:
Umin≤Um≤Umaxm＝1,2,...m,...NB
wherein, UmIs the voltage of bus m, UmaxIs the upper limit value, U, of the m voltage of the busminIs the lower limit value of the m voltage of the bus.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid, which realizes optimal distribution of power flow in a normal running state, a maintenance state and a state after a defense fault of the power grid by coordinating and controlling the power of a line where direct current and UPFC are located, and aims at controlling the power of the line not to exceed the limit and minimizing the overall loss of an alternating current and direct current system, so as to achieve overall optimal control;
and the tidal current distribution of the alternating current and direct current system is optimized, and the safe and economic operation of the power grid is realized. The steady-state control strategy can be applied to normal and maintenance operation modes, and an optimal operation point is searched in an allowable operation range through calculation of optimal power flow, so that the comprehensive control purposes of load balancing of each subarea and minimum overall network loss are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a main flow schematic diagram of an embodiment of a steady-state control method for a hybrid power grid provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid power grid architecture provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison between modulated dc and modulated UPGU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a main flow schematic diagram of an embodiment of a steady-state control method for a hybrid power grid provided by the present invention, in this embodiment, as also shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
step S1, in an alternating current and direct current hybrid power grid containing direct current and UPFC, calculating alternating current node power consumption, UPFC power consumption and direct current power consumption respectively, wherein the alternating current and direct current hybrid power grid consists of an alternating current power grid, direct current and UPFC;
in a specific embodiment, the power consumption of the alternating current node is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein j belongs to i as an alternating current node j and an alternating current nodePoint i is connected, PGiActive power injected into the alternating current node i by a generator connected with the alternating current node i takes the flowing direction of the alternating current node i as a positive direction, and Q isGiThe reactive power injected into the AC node i by the generator connected with the AC node i takes the flow direction of the AC node i as the positive direction, PLiFor the active load connected to the AC node i, the outgoing AC node i is taken as the positive direction, QLiFor the active load connected to the AC node i, with the outflow AC node i as the positive direction, UiFor the voltage of the AC node i, UjIs the voltage of the AC node j, GijFor the conductance of AC lines between AC nodes i, j, BijFor susceptance, theta, of an AC line between AC nodes i, jijIs the phase angle difference between the AC nodes i, j, PUPFCActive power injected into AC node i for UPFC, with incoming AC node i as positive, and if the node has no UPFC connection, 0, QUPFCInjecting reactive power of an alternating current node i for the UPFC, taking an inflow alternating current node i as positive, and if the node is not connected with the UPFC, the node is 0;
specifically, the power consumption of the UPFC is calculated using the following formula:
wherein, P0Active power, Q, injected into AC node for UPFC0Injecting reactive power of an alternating current node for the UPFC;
more specifically, the dc power is calculated using the following formula:
wherein, PDCInjecting active power, Q, into the AC node for DCDCAnd injecting reactive power of the alternating current node for direct current.
Step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula:
minPloss＝ΔPac-l+ΔPac-T+ΔPUPFC+ΔPdc
wherein, Δ Pac-lFor ac line losses, Δ Pac-TFor ac transformer losses, KUPFCIs the UPFC loss factor, Δ PDCLoss for the dc transmission system;
in a particular embodiment, the ac loss consists of two parts, respectively ac line loss Δ PAC-lAnd loss delta P of AC transformerAC-TThe ac line loss and the ac transformer loss are calculated by the following formula:
wherein when calculating Δ PAC-lWhen Nl is the total number of AC lines, Ui、UjWhen calculating the voltage of AC nodes i and j at two ends of the AC line lAC-TWhen the voltage is higher than the set voltage, i is a high-voltage node of the transformer, and j is a low-voltage node of the transformer;
specifically, the UPFC loss coefficient takes the UPFC transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient as the UPFC system loss, and is specifically calculated by the following formula:
ΔPUPFC＝KUPFC×PUPFC
wherein, KUPFCThe UPFC loss factor;
more specifically, the loss of the dc power transmission system is calculated by taking the dc transmission active power multiplied by the loss coefficient as the dc system loss, specifically by the following formula:
ΔPDC＝KDC×PDC
wherein, KDCIs the dc loss factor.
Step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage;
in a specific embodiment, the constraint condition of the UPFC power control capability is specifically the following formula:
P0min≤P0≤P0max
wherein, P0maxIs output to UPFC outlet iUpper limit of power, P, of AC system0minOutputting a power lower limit value to the AC system for the UPFC outlet i;
specifically, the constraint condition of the transmission power of the transformer is specifically the following formula:
PTj≤PTjNj＝1,2,...i,...NT
wherein, PTiFor the transmission power of transformer j, PTjNIs the rated transmission power of the transformer j;
more specifically, the constraint condition of the bus voltage is specifically the following formula:
Umin≤Um≤Umaxm＝1,2,...m,...NB
wherein, UmIs the voltage of bus m, UmaxIs the upper limit value, U, of the m voltage of the busminIs the lower limit value of the m voltage of the bus.
And step S4, controlling the transmission capacity of the direct current or UPFC, comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss, and determining the optimal control scheme.
In an embodiment of the invention, under the condition of 360 thousands of direct current transmission power, the fault scanning is carried out on the power grid, and the power of the remaining circuit reaches 3420MW, which exceeds the constraint of thermal stability 3200 MW.
Through adjusting the UPFC transmission power definite value, when adjusting transmission power from 1500MW 2 to 200MW 2, circuit power does not exceed the thermal stability limit, and the UPFC power maximum value is 400MW to satisfy the security requirement of electric wire netting normal operating.
According to the optimal power flow model, on the basis of meeting the requirement of a constraint condition, the fixed value after the UPFC modulation cannot be higher than 200 x 2MW, and accordingly, the UPFC output power value is obtained through calculation, and the output power is positive when the output power flows into an alternating current system. On the premise of meeting the power supply safety, the loss of the alternating current-direct current network is the minimum, and is 987 MW;
as shown in fig. 3, by simulation analysis, at least 180 ten thousand power is modulated after the fault, so that the remaining line power flow can be reduced from 3400MW before modulation to below the rated value 3100 MW. As can be seen by comparison with UPFC control, the power is also controlled to not exceed the thermal stability limit due to the closer electrical distance of the two branches, requiring less modulation than UPFC
For further details, reference may be made to the preceding description of the drawings, which are not described in detail herein.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid, which realizes optimal distribution of power flow in a normal running state, a maintenance state and a state after a defense fault of the power grid by coordinating and controlling the power of a line where direct current and UPFC are located, and aims at controlling the power of the line not to exceed the limit and minimizing the overall loss of an alternating current and direct current system, so as to achieve overall optimal control;
and the tidal current distribution of the alternating current and direct current system is optimized, and the safe and economic operation of the power grid is realized. The steady-state control strategy can be applied to normal and maintenance operation modes, and an optimal operation point is searched in an allowable operation range through calculation of optimal power flow, so that the comprehensive control purposes of load balancing of each subarea and minimum overall network loss are achieved.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A steady-state control method for a series-parallel power grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, in the AC/DC hybrid power grid containing DC and UPFC, respectively calculating the AC node power consumption, UPFC power consumption and DC power consumption;
step S2, calculating the loss power consumption in the series-parallel power grid by using the following formula:
min Ploss＝ΔPac-l+ΔPac-T+ΔPUPFC+ΔPdc
wherein, Δ Pac-lFor ac line losses, Δ Pac-TFor ac transformer losses, KUPFCIs the UPFC loss factor, Δ PDCLoss for the dc transmission system;
step S3, respectively establishing constraint conditions of UPFC power control capability, transformer transmission power and bus voltage;
and step S4, controlling the transmission capacity of the direct current or UPFC, and determining the optimal control scheme by comparing the actual total loss with the calculated total loss.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the ac node power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein j belongs to i and is an alternating current node j connected with an alternating current node i, PGiActive power, Q, injected into AC node i for the generator connected to itGiReactive power, P, injected into AC node i for the generator connected to itLiActive loads, Q, connected for AC nodes iLiFor active loads connected to AC node i, UiFor the voltage of the AC node i, UjIs the voltage of the AC node j, GijFor the conductance of AC lines between AC nodes i, j, BijFor susceptance, theta, of an AC line between AC nodes i, jijIs the phase angle difference between the AC nodes i, j, PUPFCInjecting active power, Q, into AC node i for UPFCUPFCAnd injecting reactive power of the alternating current node i for the UPFC.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step S1, the UPFC power consumption is calculated using the following formula:
wherein, P0Active power, Q, injected into AC node for UPFC0Reactive power at the ac node is injected for the UPFC.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step S1, the DC power is calculated using the following formula:
wherein, PDCInjecting active power, Q, into the AC node for DCDCAnd injecting reactive power of the alternating current node for direct current.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the AC line loss and AC transformer loss are calculated by the following equations:
wherein when calculating Δ PAC-lWhen Nl is the total number of AC lines, Ui、UjWhen calculating the voltage of AC nodes i and j at two ends of the AC line lAC-TWhen the voltage is higher than the voltage of the transformer, i is a high-voltage node of the transformer, and j is a low-voltage node of the transformer.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S2, the UPFC loss coefficient is calculated as UPFC system loss by multiplying the UPFC transmission active power by the loss coefficient, according to the following formula:
ΔPUPFC＝KUPFC×PUPFC
wherein, KUPFCThe UPFC loss factor.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, the dc transmission system loss is calculated by multiplying the dc transmission active power by the loss factor as the dc system loss, according to the following formula:
ΔPDC＝KDC×PDC
wherein, KDCIs the dc loss factor.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S3, the constraint condition of the UPFC power control capability is specifically the following formula:
P0min≤P0≤P0max
wherein, P0maxUpper limit of power, P, output to AC system for UPFC outlet i0minThe lower limit of power output to the ac system for UPFC outlet i.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S3, the constraint condition of the transformer transmission power is specified by the following formula:
PTj≤PTjNj＝1,2,...i,...NT
wherein, PTiFor the transmission power of transformer j, PTjNIs the rated transmission power of the transformer j.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the constraint condition of the bus voltage is specified by the following formula:
Umin≤Um≤Umaxm＝1,2,...m,...NB
wherein, UmIs the voltage of bus m, UmaxIs the upper limit value, U, of the m voltage of the busminIs the lower limit value of the m voltage of the bus.
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